Kontra
A kontra is a Hungarian (Hungarian: háromhúros brácsa, ‘three-stringed viola’), Romanian, Slovak and Romani instrument common in Transylvania.
Construction
The kontra is constructed much like the classical viola, with two major differences. First, there are only three strings instead of four. Second, the bridge is flattened, allowing a musician to play all three strings at once.
Tuning
The kontra is tuned like a viola, though lacking its low C string: G-D-A.
Technique
Due to the flattened bridge, a kontra is not as capable of playing melody lines as a viola. Rather, the standard method of play is to play double stops and three-note chords and let the fiddle play melody lines.
Ensemble Playing
The kontra has a defined role within dance band music. Its range lies between that of the fiddle or Vioara cu goarnă on the high-end and the double bass on the low-end. Many Romanian and Hungarian bands also feature the cimbalom or citera, clarinet, accordion, and Ütőgardon or cello.
See also
Kontra (album)
Kontra is the fourth studio album by Basque metal band Eraso! and the first one with new member Ander Izeta. It was released on December 4, 2005.
Track listing
References
Crew
A crew is a body or a class of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization. A location in which a crew works is called a crewyard or a workyard. The word has nautical resonances: the tasks involved in operating a ship, particularly a sailing ship, providing numerous specialities within a ship's crew, often organised with a chain of command. Traditional nautical usage strongly distinguishes officers from crew, though the two groups combined form the ship's company. Members of a crew are often referred to by the title Crewman.
Crew also refers to the sport of rowing, where teams row competitively in racing shells.
Crew is used colloquially to refer to a small, tight-knit group of friends or associates engaged in criminal activity. Also used in reference to the traditional "unit" of criminals under the supervision of a caporegime in the American Mafia. However, the term is not specific to (Mafia-affiliated) organized crime. Crew can also refer simply to a group of friends, unrelated to crime or violence.
Crew (comics)
Crew, the first regular Czech international comic magazine, started publication in 1997. It was meant to be published every two months, but it started having long breaks after the first year. Officially publication ended in 2003 with Crew 21.
Name
Not to be confused with the English word "crew," the name of the magazine was a pun on the word blood (Czech: krev) as the magazine wished to portray "bloody" comics alongside others.
History
It ran for quite some time under the team of Štěpan Kopřiva, Jiří Pavlovský and Petr Litoš. But issues 17–21 were done by Vladimír Veverka. After the collapse of the original magazine, Litoš, Kopřiva and Pavlovský began to publish a new magazine — Crew2. Nineteen issues have been published to date (first issue published 2003, latest 2007). The Crew under Veverka was visibly less popular with the long-time fans, although it had its own following.
Crew was the only magazine to officially publish international comics after the 90's comics wave within the Czech republic. It has been criticized for not publishing Czech comics, which was redeemed partly by local magazines, such as Pot.
Crewe (surname)
Crewe or Crew is a surname of Old Welsh origin.
- John Crewe, 1st Baron Crewe (1742–1829)
- John Crewe, 2nd Baron Crewe (1772–1835)
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