Georgian

Georgian may refer to:

Georgian architecture

Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture.

History and definition

Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, many of his buildings having a hint of Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus; Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder.

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; Georgian: საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა sakartvelos sabch'ota socialist'uri resp'ublik'a; Russian: Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991.

It is coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, a pre-existing country in the Caucasus which gained autonomy as a constituent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics after being annexed by the Russian Empire in 1810 and in 1921 by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and became independent upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.

History

Establishment

On November 28, 1917, after the October Revolution in Russia, there was a Transcaucasian Commissariat headed by Mensheviks established in Tiflis (from 1936 on Tbilisi).