Crystal (software)

CRYSTAL is a quantum chemistry ab initio program, designed primarily for calculations on crystals (3 dimensions), slabs (2 dimensions) and polymers (1 dimension) using translational symmetry, but it can also be used for single molecules. It is written by V.R. Saunders, R. Dovesi, C. Roetti, R. Orlando, C.M. Zicovich-Wilson, N.M. Harrison, K. Doll, B. Civalleri, I.J. Bush, Ph. D’Arco, and M. Llunell from Theoretical Chemistry Group at the University of Torino and the Computational Materials Science Group at the Daresbury Laboratory near Warrington in Cheshire, England. The current version is CRYSTAL14, released in June 2014. Earlier versions were CRYSTAL88, CRYSTAL92, CRYSTAL95, CRYSTAL98, CRYSTAL03, CRYSTAL06, and CRYSTAL09.

Features

Hamiltonians

Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic single crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape, consisting of flat faces with specific, characteristic orientations.

The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is known as crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word crystal is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krustallos), meaning both “ice” and “rock crystal”, from κρύος (kruos), "icy cold, frost".

Examples of large crystals include snowflakes, diamonds, and table salt. Most inorganic solids are not crystals but polycrystals, i.e. many microscopic crystals fused together into a single solid. Examples of polycrystals include most metals, rocks, ceramics, and ice. A third category of solids is amorphous solids, where the atoms have no periodic structure whatsoever. Examples of amorphous solids include glass, wax, and many plastics.

List of companions in Doctor Who spin-offs

This is a list of fictional characters who were companions of the Doctor, in various spin-off media based on the long-running British science fiction television series, Doctor Who.

A

ARC

traveled with the 11th doctor

Alex Campbell

Alex is the Doctor's great grandson (the son of Susan Campbell) and features in the Eighth Doctor adventures. He is portrayed by Jake McGann.

He is initially wary of the Doctor due to the xenophobic atmosphere on Earth following the Dalek occupation. Despite this, he eventually accepts the Doctor but while he is impressed by the technology of the TARDIS he chooses not to travel with him as he wants to become an architect.

During the second Dalek invasion in the plays Lucie Miller and To The Death, Alex becomes a leader for the human resistance on Earth. He sacrifices himself to allow Lucie and Susan the opportunity to thwart the Dalek's plan.

Amy

Amy, portrayed by Ciara Janson, is a companion of the Fifth Doctor in the Key 2 Time series, which includes the plays The Judgement of Isskar, The Destroyer of Delights and The Chaos Pool.

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

This is a list of fictional characters featured in the Pokémon Adventures manga.

Protagonists

Red

Red (レッド, Reddo) is a Trainer who starts off in Pallet Town as an aspiring trainer with a Poliwhirl, believing himself to be superior to his peers. He is sent on a journey to better himself as a trainer and a person, displaying amazing feats of courage and a strong sense of justice. He starts his Pokémon journey with a Bulbasaur he received from Professor Oak, which evolved into Ivysaur and later Venusaur. He is rivals with Professor Oak's grandson, Blue.

In the first arc, Red suffered his first overwhelming defeat when he failed to capture the mysterious Mew, leading him to Professor Oak for advice on becoming a better Pokémon trainer. This led him to a long journey all across Kanto, crossing paths with Blue and Green along the way. During his journey, he became entangled in many plots by the nefarious Team Rocket, effectively foiling them each time. Together with Blue and Green, Red ultimately defeated Team Rocket when they tried to take control of Articuno, Zapdos and Moltres. He later defeated the Team Rocket leader Giovanni in a one-on-one Pokémon battle and captured Team Rocket's ultimate weapon, the genetically created Pokémon Mewtwo. Finally, Red participated in the Indigo Plateau Pokémon League Tournament, defeating his rival Blue in the final match and becoming the Pokémon Champion.

Software (novel)

Software is a 1982 cyberpunk science fiction novel written by Rudy Rucker. It won the first Philip K. Dick Award in 1983. The novel is the first book in Rucker's Ware Tetralogy, and was followed by a sequel, Wetware, in 1988.

Plot summary

Software introduces Cobb Anderson as a retired computer scientist who was once tried for treason for figuring out how to give robots artificial intelligence and free will, creating the race of boppers. By 2020, they have created a complex society on the Moon, where the boppers developed because they depend on super-cooled superconducting circuits. In that year, Anderson is a pheezer — a freaky geezer, Rucker's depiction of elderly Baby Boomers — living in poverty in Florida and terrified because he lacks the money to buy a new artificial heart to replace his failing, secondhand one.

As the story begins, Anderson is approached by a robot duplicate of himself who invites him to the Moon to be given immortality. Meanwhile, the series' other main character, Sta-Hi Mooney the 1st — born Stanley Hilary Mooney Jr. — a 25-year-old cab driver and "brainsurfer", is kidnapped by a gang of serial killers known as the Little Kidders who almost eat his brain. When Anderson and Mooney travel to the Moon together at the boppers' expense, they find that these events are closely related: the "immortality" given to Anderson turns out to be having his mind transferred into software via the same brain-destroying technique used by the Little Kidders.

Software (band)

Software was a German electronic duo active between 1984 and 2000, comprising Peter Mergener (born 1951) and Michael Weisser (born 1948). Formerly the duo used the name Mergener&Weisser.

History

The group released their records under the IC (Innovative Communication) label, which also released a number of other electronic musicians, including Klaus Schulze and the Neue Deutsche Welle group Ideal.

From 1990 to 1992 Weisser produced, during a temporary break with Mergener, four albums under the Software name with a different group composition: Fragrance with Klaus Schulze and Georg Stettner (born 1970), and Modesty-Blaze I / II and Cave with Billy Byte (Stephan Töteberg).

After the dissolution of Software in 1999, the two musicians went their separate ways: Peter Mergener continues to compose and play electronic music, while Michael Weisser first founded the group G.E.N.E. (Grooving Electronic Natural Environments), and is currently, among other things, active as a media artist.

Software 2000

Software 2000 was a video game developer and publisher based in Germany.

The company was formed in 1987 in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, by brothers Andreas and Marc Wardenga. They produced and published games for various formats, originally the Atari ST and Amiga platforms, and later for the PC, Game Boy Color and a few titles for the PlayStation.

Perhaps their most successful venture was the Bundesliga Manager series, based on the German soccer premier league. They also produced a series of "Artventure" interactive fiction games, in the German language. In the mid-1990s they produced other spinoff manager games, including Eishockey Manager (Ice Hockey Manager) and the Pizza Syndicate series for the PC. They also developed the puzzle game Swing, released for the PlayStation in 1998.

The company produced several titles with small development teams. This proved fatal with the rising standards of full priced games. With falling sales and important figures leaving the company, Software 2000 filed for bankruptcy in 2002.