Sulfur oxide

Sulfur oxide refers to many types of sulfur and oxygen containing compounds such as SO, SO₂, SO₃, S₇O₂, S₆O₂, S₂O₂, etc.

Sulfur oxide (SO_x) refers to one or more of the following:

SOX10

Transcription factor SOX-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX10 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development.

In melanocytic cells there is evidence that SOX10 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with Waardenburg-Shah, Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease, and with uveal melanoma .

Interactions

The interaction between SOX10 and PAX3 is studied best in human patients with Waardenburg syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder which is divided into four different types based upon mutations in additional genes. SOX10 and PAX3 interactions are thought to be regulators of other genes involved in the symptoms of Waardenburg syndrome, particularly MITF which influences the development of melanocytes as well as neural crest formation. MITF expression can be transactivated by both SOX10 and PAX3 to have an additive effect. The two genes have binding sites near one another on the upstream enhancer of the c-RET gene. SOX10 is also thought to target dopachrome tautomerase through a synergistic interaction with MITF which then results in other melanocyte alteration.

SOX4

Transcription factor SOX-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX4 gene.

Function

This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins, such as syndecan binding protein (syntenin). The protein may function in the apoptosis pathway leading to cell death as well as to tumorigenesis and may mediate downstream effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in bone development. The solution structure has been resolved for the HMG-box of a similar mouse protein.

Sox4 is expressed in lymphocytes (B and T) and is required for B lymphocyte development.

Interactions

SOX4 has been shown to interact with SDCBP.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Monolith

, Brazil

A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains, or a single large piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument or building. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid metamorphic or igneous rock.

In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces.

The word derives, via the Latin monolithus, from the Ancient Greek word μονόλιθος (monolithos), from μόνος ("one" or "single") and λίθος ("stone").

Geological monoliths

Large, well-known monoliths include:

Africa

Omid Walizadeh

Omid Walizadeh, also known as Omid or OD, is an underground hip hop producer based in Long Beach, California. He has produced tracks for Freestyle Fellowship,Busdriver,2Mex,Subtitle, and Awol One, among others.

History

Omid graduated from Loyola Marymount University with a bachelor's degree in recording arts. He has produced tracks since 1992.

Inspired by the underground hip hop movement at the Good Life Cafe in the early 1990s, Omid released a collaborative album, Beneath the Surface, in 1998. It features over 30 rappers, mainly from Los Angeles.

The solo debut album, Distant Drummer, was released on Beneath the Surface in 2002. It was inspired by Dan Simmons' novel Hyperion, the music of Sun Ra, among other things.

In 2003, Omid released the album, Monolith, on Mush Records. It features contributions from Abstract Rude, 2Mex,Buck 65,Luckyiam, Aceyalone, Murs, and Slug, among others. The title comes from Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2010: Odyssey Two.

Omid released the instrumental album, Afterwords 3, on Alpha Pup Records in 2007.

Monolith (Space Odyssey)

Monoliths are machines built by an unseen extraterrestrial species that are described in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series of novels and films. During the series, three monoliths are discovered in the solar system by humans and it is revealed that thousands, if not more, were created throughout the solar system, although none are seen. The subsequent response of the characters to their discovery drives the plot of the series. It also influences the fictional history of the series, particularly by encouraging humankind to progress with technological development and space travel.

The first monolith appears in the beginning of the story, set in prehistoric times. It is discovered by a group of hominids, and somehow triggers a considerable shift in evolution, starting with the ability to use tools and weaponry.

Origins

The extraterrestrial species that built the monoliths is never described in much detail, but some knowledge of its existence is given to Dave Bowman after he is transported by the stargate to the "cosmic zoo", as detailed in the novels 2001: A Space Odyssey and 2010: Odyssey Two. The existence of this species is only hypothesized by the rest of humanity, but it is obvious because the monolith was immediately identified as an artifact of non-human origin.