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Linux环境使用JAVA解压缩RAR文件教程

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在Linux环境下解压RAR文件通常是需要借助外部工具的,因为RAR是一种专利压缩格式,其解压缩算法并不包含在Linux的默认安装包中。这便涉及到几个重要知识点,包括RAR文件格式的介绍、Linux下的解压缩软件选择、以及在Java程序中调用命令行工具解压缩RAR文件的方法。 首先,RAR文件格式是由俄罗斯程序员尤金·罗谢尔(Eugene Roshal)开发的一种压缩文件格式,它提供了高压缩比和较好的数据完整性。RAR文件通常用于减少存储空间的需求或在互联网上传输文件时减小文件大小。与RAR格式相对应的解压缩工具是WinRAR,它主要用于Windows操作系统。Linux环境下没有原生的RAR解压缩工具,但可以通过安装第三方软件来实现。 其次,要在Linux系统中解压RAR文件,最常用的工具是`unrar`。这是一个非自由的开源工具,能够处理RAR文件,但也有一些限制。例如,免费版本的`unrar`不允许创建RAR文件,只能用于解压缩。安装`unrar`可以使用包管理器,比如在基于Debian的系统中使用`apt`,在基于Red Hat的系统中使用`yum`或`dnf`。 在安装了`unrar`之后,可以使用`unrar`命令行工具来解压RAR文件。该命令的基本格式如下: ```bash unrar x archive.rar ``` 该命令将解压`archive.rar`文件到当前目录下。如果想要解压到指定的目录,可以指定一个路径: ```bash unrar x archive.rar /path/to/extract ``` 这条命令会将RAR文件中的内容解压到指定的`/path/to/extract`目录中。 此外,如果需要处理加密的RAR文件或创建新的RAR压缩包,可以考虑购买商业许可证,或者使用类似`rar`(注意不是`unrar`,它是一个不同的项目)这样的工具,后者是一个自由的(非免费)且功能全面的压缩工具,可以创建和管理RAR文件。 最后,当需要在Java程序中解压RAR文件时,可以利用Java的`ProcessBuilder`类或者`Runtime.getRuntime().exec()`方法来调用命令行工具。这里需要注意的是,调用系统命令在Java程序中可能会有安全隐患,因为执行任意系统命令可能导致程序的安全漏洞。因此,必须确保执行的命令是可控的,并且输入参数是经过验证的,避免注入攻击。 使用`ProcessBuilder`在Java中解压RAR文件的示例代码如下: ```java import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class RarExtractor { public static void extractRAR(String rarFile, String extractPath) { try { ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("unrar", "x", rarFile, extractPath); Process process = pb.start(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } process.waitFor(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 在上述代码中,`extractRAR`方法接受RAR文件的路径和解压目标路径作为参数,然后使用`ProcessBuilder`创建了一个新的进程来执行解压操作。 要注意的是,上述代码没有进行异常处理和安全检查,实际使用时应该增加异常处理逻辑,比如检测命令行执行的返回值、处理输入输出异常等。 总结来说,解压RAR文件在Linux环境下需要安装第三方解压缩工具,使用`unrar`等命令行工具是常见的方法。在Java程序中解压RAR文件可以通过执行系统命令实现,但需要注意程序的安全性。

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Linux下的rar解压缩工具: RAR 5.60 beta 1 Copyright (c) 1993-2018 Alexander Roshal 21 Mar 2018 Trial version Type 'rar -?' for help Usage: rar <command> -<switch 1> -<switch N> <archive> <files...> <@listfiles...> <path_to_extract\> <Commands> a Add files to archive c Add archive comment ch Change archive parameters cw Write archive comment to file d Delete files from archive e Extract files without archived paths f Freshen files in archive i[par]=<str> Find string in archives k Lock archive l[t[a],b] List archive contents [technical[all], bare] m[f] Move to archive [files only] p Print file to stdout r Repair archive rc Reconstruct missing volumes rn Rename archived files rr[N] Add data recovery record rv[N] Create recovery volumes s[name|-] Convert archive to or from SFX t Test archive files u Update files in archive v[t[a],b] Verbosely list archive contents [technical[all],bare] x Extract files with full path <Switches> - Stop switches scanning @[+] Disable [enable] file lists ad Append archive name to destination path ag[format] Generate archive name using the current date ai Ignore file attributes ap<path> Set path inside archive as Synchronize archive contents c- Disable comments show cfg- Disable read configuration cl Convert names to lower case cu Convert names to upper case df Delete files after archiving dh Open shared files ds Disable name sort for solid archive dw Wipe files after archiving e[+]<attr> Set file exclude and include attributes ed Do not add empty directories en Do not put 'end of archive' block ep Exclude paths from names ep1 Exclude base directory from names ep3 Expand paths to full including the drive letter f Freshen files hp[password] Encrypt both file data and headers ht[b|c] Select hash type [BLAKE2,CRC32] for file checksum id[c,d,p,q] Disable messages ierr Send all messages to stderr ilog[name] Log errors to file inul Disable all messages isnd Enable sound iver Display the version number k Lock archive kb Keep broken extracted files log[f][=name] Write names to log file m<0..5> Set compression level (0-store...3-default...5-maximal) ma[4|5] Specify a version of archiving format mc<par> Set advanced compression parameters md<n>[k,m,g] Dictionary size in KB, MB or GB ms[ext;ext] Specify file types to store mt<threads> Set the number of threads n<file> Additionally filter included files n@ Read additional filter masks from stdin n@<list> Read additional filter masks from list file o[+|-] Set the overwrite mode oh Save hard links as the link instead of the file oi[0-4][:min] Save identical files as references ol[a] Process symbolic links as the link [absolute paths] or Rename files automatically ow Save or restore file owner and group p[password] Set password p- Do not query password qo[-|+] Add quick open information [none|force] r Recurse subdirectories r- Disable recursion r0 Recurse subdirectories for wildcard names only rr[N] Add data recovery record rv[N] Create recovery volumes s[<N>,v[-],e] Create solid archive s- Disable solid archiving sc<chr>[obj] Specify the character set sfx[name] Create SFX archive si[name] Read data from standard input (stdin) sl<size> Process files with size less than specified sm<size> Process files with size more than specified t Test files after archiving ta<date> Process files modified after <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format tb<date> Process files modified before <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format tk Keep original archive time tl Set archive time to latest file tn<time> Process files newer than <time> to<time> Process files older than <time> ts[m|c|a] Save or restore file time (modification, creation, access) u Update files v<size>[k,b] Create volumes with size=<size>*1000 [*1024, *1] ver[n] File version control vn Use the old style volume naming scheme vp Pause before each volume w<path> Assign work directory x<file> Exclude specified file x@ Read file names to exclude from stdin x@<list> Exclude files listed in specified list file y Assume Yes on all queries z[file] Read archive comment from file
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