深入解析微软Hyper-V：2008服务器虚拟化指南

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《Hyper-V Inside》是由Sybase出版的一本深入解析微软Hyper-V虚拟化技术的专业教程。该书由John Kelbley、Mike Sterling和Allen Stewart共同撰写，特别邀请了Windows Virtualization at Microsoft的Principal Group Program Manager Jeff Woosley作序，向读者展示了Windows Server 2008 R2中的Hyper-V技术。这本书旨在帮助读者掌握Hyper-V的核心概念、安装配置、管理和优化，以及与Windows Server 2008 R2平台的集成。本书涵盖了丰富的知识点，包括但不限于： 1. **Hyper-V概述**：介绍Hyper-V的基本原理，它是如何作为基于硬件的虚拟化解决方案，提供在单个服务器上运行多个独立操作系统的能力。 2. **安装与配置**：详细指导用户如何在Windows Server 2008 R2上安装和配置Hyper-V，包括设置虚拟网络、存储和安全性措施。 3. **虚拟机管理**：涵盖创建、启动、停止、迁移和备份虚拟机的过程，以及性能监控和故障排除策略。 4. **资源分配与优化**：探讨如何有效地分配CPU、内存和I/O资源，以最大化虚拟机的性能，并实现资源池管理。 5. **Windows Server 2008 R2的集成**：展示了Hyper-V与Windows Server 2008 R2其他组件（如Active Directory、DNS等）的协同工作，以及与System Center Virtual Machine Manager的集成使用。 6. **安全性与隔离**：讨论如何通过Hyper-V确保虚拟环境的安全性，包括虚拟机间和物理主机间的隔离措施。 7. **最佳实践与案例研究**：书中包含实用的技巧和经验分享，以及针对不同场景的实战案例，帮助读者提升在实际环境中的应用能力。 8. **技术深度**：对于对虚拟化技术有深入兴趣的读者，本书还涉及了底层的虚拟机监控器（VMM）、虚拟设备和虚拟化技术的最新进展。《Hyper-V Inside》是一本适合系统管理员、IT专业人士和技术爱好者深入理解并掌握Hyper-V技术的实用指南，无论是初次接触还是经验丰富的技术人员都能从中获益匪浅。

xIV

Contents

Building a Failover Cluster for Hyper-V ...................................... 159

Setting Up a Failover Cluster ............................................. 160

Clustered Virtual Machine Management...................................... 168

Summary ................................................................. 170

Chapter 9 • Understanding WMI, Scripting, and Hyper-V...............171

Common Management Tasks................................................171

WMI Overview............................................................ 174

Accessing WMI ......................................................... 176

Scripting Technology Overview .............................................180

Common Scripting Languages for Windows................................ 180

PowerShell for Newcomers.................................................. 182

PowerShell Installation and Setup......................................... 183

Finding Your Way Around PowerShell.....................................185

Making Things Work in PowerShell ....................................... 187

Common Elements of WMI Scripts........................................... 197

WMI and VBScript ...................................................... 197

WMI and PowerShell ....................................................199

Virtualization Classes ......................................................200

Useful WMI Virtualization Classes to Know................................200

Summary .................................................................209

Chapter 10 • Automating Tasks.....................................211

Building on the Work of Others.............................................. 211

Provisioning .............................................................. 213

Creating a Bare-Bones VM ............................................... 213

Remote Virtual-Machine Provisioning ..................................... 217

Pre-creating Generic VHDs............................................... 217

De-provisioning ........................................................ 219

Physical Server Setup....................................................220

Conﬁguration Management .................................................220

Discovery ..............................................................220

Creating Simple Reports .................................................227

Managing the Virtual Environment .......................................230

Maintaining Virtual Systems .............................................236

Managing Access ..........................................................240

Migration ................................................................. 241

Simple File Copy ........................................................ 241

Export/Import.......................................................... 241

Failover Clustering ......................................................242

Virtual to Virtual Migration ..............................................242

Backup and Recovery ......................................................242

Collecting and Monitoring Data .............................................243

Viewing the Desktop ....................................................243

Testing for Service ......................................................243

Accessing Processor Performance Data ....................................244

Performance Monitoring and PowerGadgets................................249

Summary .................................................................249

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Contents

Chapter 11 • Systems Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 ............251

System Center Suite Overview...............................................251

Systems Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 .............................252

Systems Center Operations Manager 2007 ..................................253

System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 SP1 ...........................254

System Center Conﬁguration Manager 2007 ................................254

SCVMM 2008 Architecture Overview ........................................255

SCVMM Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

SCVMM 2008 Library Server .............................................258

SCVMM Database.......................................................259

SCVMM Administrator Console ..........................................259

Virtual Machine Host....................................................260

SCVMM Additional Components .........................................262

Planning an SCVMM 2008 Deployment ......................................263

Single Data Center ......................................................264

Multiple Data Centers ...................................................264

Branch Ofﬁce and Remote Locations.......................................264

Installing SCVMM 2008 ....................................................265

Installing the SCVMM 2008 Database......................................265

Installing the SCVMM 2008 Server Role.................................... 267

Installing the SCVMM 2008 Administrator Console .........................269

Installing the SCVMM 2008 Self-Service Portal .............................270

Integrating SCOM 2007 and SCVMM 2008 ....................................272

Provisioning Virtual Machines .............................................. 278

VM Host Placement ..................................................... 278

Provisioning Systems via P2V Functionality ................................282

Creating Highly Available Virtual Machines ...............................285

Summary .................................................................287

Chapter 12 • Protecting Virtualized Environments with

System Center Data Protection Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Technical Overview of Data Protection Manager...............................289

Backup Alternatives ..................................................... 291

Understanding DPM Storage ............................................. 291

Protecting Your Hyper-V Environment .......................................293

Setting Up Your First DPM Server.........................................294

Introducing the DPM Administrator Console ............................... 296

Deploying Agents and Application Workload Prerequisites...................297

Conﬁguring Protection of Hyper-V Hosts .....................................301

What Do You Want to Protect? ............................................301

How Do You Want to Protect It?...........................................302

Conﬁguring Disk-Based Protection........................................303

Conﬁguring Tape-Based Protection........................................305

Setting Up the Initial Baseline ............................................307

Considerations When Protecting Virtualized Environments.....................307

Virtual Machines, Hosts, and Guests ......................................308

Protecting Virtual Machines from the Host.................................309

Choosing Guest or Host or Both........................................... 310

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Foreword

What’s old is new again. In the case of virtualization, truer words have never been spoken.

In the past few years, virtualization—a technology commonplace for decades on mainframe

systems—has made its way to commodity x86/x64 systems, and its renaissance is changing

the way companies do business. Virtualization is a hot technology for many reasons; and if

you haven’t considered virtualization, there’s no better time than the present. As is the case

with most burgeoning technologies, a lot of confusion exists in the marketplace, starting with

the term itself.

Virtualization is one of the most overloaded terms in the recent past. In the most generic sense,

it simply means the abstraction of resources. The most popular type of virtualization is machine

virtualization, where a virtual machine is presented in software with its own virtual hardware

and abstracted from the underlying physical hardware. This allows most x86 workloads to run

unmodiﬁed within virtual machines, isolated from other workloads, and opens up new ways to

deploy and manage software.

Adoption of virtualization is accelerating due to the conﬂuence of three main factors:

The mainstream adoption of 64-bit (x64) hardware that provides the memory capabilities

•u

needed to run multiple workloads concurrently

The rise of multi-core processors with built-in virtualization hardware assists

•u

Increased competition, resulting in prices that are dramatically lower (if not free) for high •u

performance, hypervisor-based virtualization

From a beneﬁts standpoint, virtualization offers signiﬁcant advantages in terms of greater

system utilization, lower power consumption, reduced datacenter footprint, ease of deployment,

and overall ﬂexibility. You can do more with less, do it more cheaply, and do it faster with more

ﬂexibility.

Does this sound too good to be true? Are you skeptical? I hope so.

It’s easy to be swept up in the hype and cut corners in planning and research, resulting in a

less-than-optimal experience. Too often, we’ve run into people who have heard about the ben-

eﬁts of virtualization but who don’t understand how it changes other IT aspects such as system

and application monitoring, high availability, patch management, backups, and security. Like

any disruptive technology, virtualization can provide solutions to many problems but also

introduce new challenges. This book is a great way to avoid any pitfalls.

At Microsoft, we listen closely to our customers. One consistent message from is that they

want high-performance, easy-to-use, hypervisor-based virtualization. Not a technology that

only the high-end enterprises with deep pocketbooks can afford. We agree. With all the beneﬁts

that virtualization provides, we want to make this technology available to everyone, whether

you’re a small business, in a branch ofﬁce, or a global Fortune 500 company. Toward that end,

we’re pleased to offer Hyper-V both as a role included with Windows Server 2008 and as a free

standalone product, Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008.

Since the Hyper-V release, customer reaction has been overwhelmingly positive, result-

ing in over 600,000 downloads of Hyper-V technology in just over the ﬁrst six months of its

release. Within Microsoft, Hyper-V has been extensively deployed throughout the company;

thousands of Hyper-V virtual machines run a substantial portion of our day-to-day production

40964flast.indd 17 3/18/09 10:43:31 PM

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