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JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Akamai is a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery web service by Amazon.

Vercara (formerly Neustar) offers DNS services under the UltraDNS brand.

Mimecast is a cyber security company providing email services headquartered in the UK.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

Sectigo (formerly Comodo CA) is a US-based SSL certificate authority.

Chartbeat is a real-time web analytics tool by Betaworks.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

SeedTag is an advertising network focusing on contextual ads.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Adobe DTM (Dynamic Tag Management) is a tag management system by Adobe, part of Abode Analytics. This includes Satellite, previously owned by Search Discovery, and Adobe TagManager.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

The WhatsApp share button allows users to share content with their WhatsApp contacts.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

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