Barış G.

Fun Maths Friday... An embedded software engineer is working on a project with three components: a microcontroller, a sensor, and an actuator. Each component takes a different amount of time to integrate: Microcontroller: 6 hours Sensor: 4 hours Actuator: 3 hours However: If the microcontroller is integrated first, it speeds up sensor integration to 3 hours instead of 4. If the actuator is integrated first, the sensor integration can’t begin until after the microcontroller is complete. What’s the quickest order for integration, and how long will it take?

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LabVIEW – OTHER ARRAY FUNCTIONS 1.     Initialise Array: This creates an n-dimensional array in which every element is initialised to the value specified. 2.     Insert into Array: For inserting an element or sub-array to a specified point. 3.     Delete from Array: used to delete an element an element or subarray from an array, stating its index. 4.     Array max and min values: returns the maximum and minimum values and states its index

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⏱️ The 555 Timer IC: A Versatile Component for Embedded Systems ⏱️ The 555 Timer IC is a widely used integrated circuit in electronics, known for its simplicity and flexibility in embedded systems. It serves as a key component for timing, pulse generation, and oscillator functions. What is a 555 Timer IC? The 555 Timer operates in three modes: Astable mode: Continuously generates square waves. Monostable mode: Produces a single output pulse when triggered. Bistable mode: Acts like a flip-flop, switching between two stable states. How Does It Work? The 555 Timer uses voltage comparators, a flip-flop, and a discharge transistor. External resistors and capacitors control time intervals and oscillation frequency. Important pins include: Trigger (Pin 2): Starts the timing cycle. Threshold (Pin 6): Ends the timing interval. Discharge (Pin 7): Controls capacitor discharge. Why is it Important? Precision: Provides accurate control of time-based events. Versatility: Useful for PWM, clock generation, and frequency control. Low Cost & Simplicity: Requires minimal components. Stable Performance: Works across various temperatures and voltages. Common Uses: PWM Generation: Controls motor speed or LED brightness. Oscillators: Generates clock signals for microcontrollers. Timers & Delays: Creates timed delays in devices. Tone Generation: Produces sounds for buzzers or alarms. Conclusion: The 555 Timer IC is essential for engineers, enabling precise timing and signal control in various applications. It remains a cornerstone in both simple and advanced embedded system designs. 💡 Have you used the 555 Timer IC in your projects? Share your experiences! #EmbeddedSystems #555Timer #Electronics #PWM #Timers #ICDesign

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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐄𝐑𝐂 (𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫)? 🔍 If you follow me, there's a high chance you already know what 𝐃𝐑𝐂 (𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤) is. But have you heard of 𝐄𝐑𝐂? ERC is a 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐲𝐞𝐭 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐥 available in almost every PCB design suite. It helps avoid silly  𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 that could lead to frustrating hours of debugging later. Since the schematic is the backbone of any PCB design, neglecting ERC is like leaving the foundation of your house unchecked. 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐄𝐑𝐂 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞? While it won’t catch highly complex issues, it excels at detecting basic yet critical errors, such as: ✔️ Missing ground connections ✔️ Unused pins left floating without documentation ✔️ Mismatched power supply pins 💡Running an ERC requires just one click! And for that small effort, it can save you hours of headaches when working under tight deadlines. ⚠️ Here's what ERC can't do: ❌ Detect intricate functional design flaws ❌ Catch simulation-specific issues But as a first-line defense, ERC is absolutely indispensable. 𝐏𝐫𝐨 𝐓𝐢𝐩: To utilize full potential of ERC, make sure the symbols are designed correctly. For example: don't ignore pin types in symbols. ❓ What do you think? Is ERC a part of your routine, or do you skip it?  𝐋𝐞𝐭’𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬. Interested in 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬? 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐞 for more practical insights into hardware and engineering. Want to chat? Come in inbox. #ElectronicsDesign #PCBDesign #SchematicDesign #EngineeringTips #ERC #DRC #HardwareEngineering #DesignTools #CircuitDesign #ElectronicsIndustry #PCBInsights #EngineeringLife

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Hi folks, who loves datasheets? – those seemingly endless scrolls of technical jargon can feel intimidating, right? 😵 💪 Mastering the art of reading and understanding datasheets is a crucial skill for any embedded systems developer. 🧑‍💻 It's your key to unlocking the full potential of microcontrollers, sensors, and other components – allowing you to build robust, reliable, and innovative projects. ✨ Let’s break down some essential strategies to navigate these technical documents like a pro: 1️⃣ Start with the Basics: 💡 - Product Overview: Begin by skimming the introduction section for a high-level understanding of the device's capabilities and intended applications. - Key Specifications: Focus on vital parameters such as voltage range, operating temperature, clock frequency, memory size, and I/O pins – these define the device's operational boundaries. 2️⃣ Dive into Functional Details: ⚙️ - Block Diagram:** Visualize the internal structure of the device and how its various blocks interact. This provides a roadmap for understanding the overall functionality. - Pinout Descriptions:** Meticulously examine each pin, noting its function, signal type (digital/analog), voltage levels, and direction (input/output). 3️⃣ Understand Electrical Characteristics: 🔌 - Input/Output Voltage Levels: Determine the valid input and output voltage ranges to ensure proper operation. - Current Consumption: Evaluate power requirements and potential heat dissipation issues. - Timing Diagrams: Analyze signal timings for communication protocols like SPI, I²C, or UART. These diagrams illustrate crucial timing parameters for reliable data transfer. 4️⃣ Explore Applications and Examples: 💡 - Typical Applications: Get inspired by real-world examples showcasing how the device can be used in different scenarios. This provides valuable context and potential use cases for your projects. - Application Notes & Code Samples: Leverage provided examples and code snippets to jumpstart your development process. 5️⃣ Don't Be Afraid to Ask for Help: ❓   - Datasheets are complex documents, so don't hesitate to seek clarification from online forums, technical support teams, or experienced engineers. Share your experiences with woking with datasheets in the comments 💥 #embeddedsystems #datasheets #microcontrollers #electronics #IoT  

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In C++, it is possible to define a class without a name, known as an anonymous class. However, in such cases, you must create an instance of the class immediately after its definition, because an anonymous class cannot be reused elsewhere in the code by name. Key Points about Anonymous Classes in C++: Definition and Declaration:An anonymous class is defined without a name and must be followed by an instance declaration. This instance is the only object of that anonymous class type and cannot be replicated elsewhere in the code. 2. Limitations of Anonymous Classes: Since the class has no name, it can't be referred to again for creating other instances. The use of constructors is also limited, as constructors rely on the class name. 3. Workarounds for Initialization: Without a named class, you can't define a typical constructor. Instead, you can use an initialization method inside the class. #CodingJourney #cpp #LearnAndGrow

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Hi folks! Ever wondered how microkernels differ from exokernels? Both are minimalist kernel architectures, but they have unique strengths: Microkernels: The Modular Managers 🛠️ ✅ Provide essential functions like IPC, memory management, and scheduling 📡 ✅ Run other services in user space for better modularity and fault isolation 🔒 ✅ Ideal for secure, flexible systems like real-time operating systems 🚀 ❌ Relatively larger codebase than exokernels 📏 ❌ Higher IPC overhead compared to tightly coupled systems 🐌 Exokernels: The Bare-Bones Builders 🔧 ✅ Expose hardware directly to applications for maximum flexibility ⚡ ✅ Offer minimal abstractions, reducing overhead and increasing performance 🚀 ✅ Great for systems needing full control, like research projects or specialized platforms 🧠 ❌ More complexity for application developers to handle hardware resources 📚 ❌ Limited adoption due to steep learning curves and niche use cases ⚠️ When to Choose Each: 🔹 Use microkernels for secure, scalable, and general-purpose applications. 🔹 Opt for exokernels for highly specialized or experimental systems. What’s your preference between these kernel designs? Let’s discuss!👇 #Microkernels #Exokernels #OperatingSystems #TechDesign #TechInnovation

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Despite AI advances, nearly two-thirds of embedded code remains manually written.🤖 There's a lot of conversation at the moment about AI taking over, and replacing engineers in the workplace. However, despite advances in AI, manual coding remains crucial, particularly in embedded systems. These systems operate specific hardware, like life-support equipment or anti-lock braking systems, where safety, compliance, and real-time response are critical. The complexities of hardware constraints—processing power, memory, I/O—and the stringent regulatory requirements in industries like healthcare and automotive make automated coding risky. While AI tools can assist with testing and optimization, fully automating embedded software can be hazardous. Each system is unique, requiring manual coding for safety and performance reasons. As Juhapekka Niemi of Qt Group says, a flexible, scalable framework that integrates with evolving technologies is key to success. Teams struggle, with 50% finding it tough to balance productivity and quality, while 49% emphasize safety, security, and compliance. Legacy platform integration and cultural resistance also present challenges. The way forward? Solid partnerships, customizable APIs, and careful monitoring of third-party software to mitigate risks. #EmbeddedSystems #ManualCoding #SoftwareDevelopment #SafetyCompliance #TechInnovation #AI #CrossPlatformDevelopment

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Bootloader Working of OS bootloader and Microcontroller bootloader is totally different. In Computers: when we switch Off and switch On a computer then the bootloader will execute, the role of the bootloader is to copy kernel from the computer hard disk into the RAM and then OS starts. In Microcontrollers: When I am sending hex file to the microcontroller, then there should be someone to read hex file contents and store it into Flash memory and automatically it is not possible. At the moment you press the reset button of the microcontroller while downloading/dumping Hex file into microcontroller, the bootloader comes into the picture. Or you can say, when you are downloading/dumping the Hex file into the microcontroller then the program which read hex file contents and saves them into Flash memory is called bootloader. #embeddedsystems #microcontroller #bootloader

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Goodbye to Copies :) Start to use a safe, smart code using (std::span) std::span is a modern C++ feature introduced in C++20 safer alternative to raw pointers or iterators for accessing parts of an array, vector, or string. It doesn’t own the data it points to, so it’s efficient and lightweight. std::span doesn’t duplicate the data. It gives you a reference to the original. It keeps track of its size, reducing risks of accessing data outside its limits. You don’t need to pass both a pointer and size anymore; std::span includes both in a single object. Example: #cpp #modern_cpp #span #cpp20

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⚙️ Raspberry Pi's New Microcontroller: Driving the Future of Innovation Raspberry Pi has introduced its second microcontroller, taking DIY electronics to new heights. This latest release is set to enhance the capabilities of makers and engineers, offering even more power and versatility for IoT and embedded systems projects. Raspberry Pi continues to normalize access to advanced technology, fuelling creativity and innovation across the globe. Will you try out this new microcontroller? #RaspberryPi #Innovation #IoT #EmbeddedSystems #TechInnovation

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👉 Understanding Filters Happy to share with you another YouTube video on ' Circuit Simulation by using Simulink / Simscape Electrical Course ' 🔷An active low-pass filter combines a passive RC low-pass filter with an operational amplifier to achieve a more precise and adjustable frequency response, often with additional features like gain control. In this tutorial, we will learn how to design an active low-pass filter 🔷 Then the operation of an active low-pass filter is verified by analyzing its frequency gain equation, which shows that: 1.Low frequencies: Pass through with minimal attenuation 2.High frequencies: Are significantly attenuated 3. Cutoff frequency: The point at which the gain drops to 70.7% of its maximum value. Check out this video link to see how to model and simulate the active low-pass filter by using Simscape Electrical Library ☀ 🔥 #Tutorial5 #Electronics #ActiveFilters #Engineering #Education #Simulink #Simscape #Low_pass_filter #EEE_Learning_Hub #the_power_of_simulink_simscape

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Understanding the #BootingProcess in #Linux is crucial for system administrators and developers alike. The process begins with the system's BIOS/UEFI initializing hardware components, followed by the loading of the bootloader, such as GRUB. The bootloader then loads the #Kernel, which initializes system processes, mounts the root filesystem, and starts the init process. This multi-stage sequence ensures that the system is fully operational, providing a stable and secure environment. Mastering these stages helps in #Troubleshooting and optimizing boot times for better #Performance.

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1. std::variant is a C++17 feature that provides a type-safe union that can hold one value from a specified list of alternative types at any given time. Access: You can check which type is currently active (std::holds_alternative<Type>(variant)) and retrieve the value (std::get<Type>(variant)). 2. The purpose of std::optional is to represent an optional value; it can have a value or not. It is used to indicate whether or not a value exists. You declare it as std::optional, where Type is the type of the value it may hold. Access: You may determine whether it has a value (has_value()) and obtain it (value() or *optional for pointer-like behavior).

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👓 Test your Knowledge (analog) One of the most useful circuits in industrial applications! Q1. What is this circuit for? Q2. Explain how it works. Q3. Find the mistake! Answer will be posted later in the comment section! Luck !

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📢 Article on Electronics : Tackle Circuits using Kirchhoff's Laws 🔓 🎯Just knowing about the basic components isn't enough. Basics need to be applied to make something useful out of them. 🎯 The knowledge gained about resistors and capacitors needs to be applied in building circuits, and Circuit Analysis helps us do that. Link to the Article (attached below) : https://lnkd.in/dtyfDTrV #physics #electronics #study #updates #Technology

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Recently I met up with an old course mate, and he shared some insightful advice about his transition to tech after two years in microchip manufacturing 💡 There are some key actions he took that I found relevant for many career switchers out there: 1️⃣ 𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲 - Although he wasn't in the industry, he built numerous side projects (machine learning + web apps) to keep his skills sharp. He even created a YouTube channel to share his knowledge with a broader audience. Teaching is one of the best ways to learn, and through this channel, he grew tremendously, both in terms of his technical skills and learning abilities. 2️⃣ 𝐃𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐬 & 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤 - As much as he would have liked to spend more time learning computer science, the truth is, he could only dedicate limited hours to the subject every week. After weighing his situation from different aspects, he decided to resign and pursue a master's degree to further improve his skills. Personally, I don't think a degree is necessary to succeed in computer science, but for him, it was a good time to channel all his energy into what he loves and have more time each week to build his computer science skillset. He could spend more time building his portfolio and preparing for interviews. 3️⃣ 𝐁𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 - When deciding which stream to join for his master's, the key question he asked was how he could stand out from others who were already 2-3 years into the industry. After doing some research, he decided to pursue AI/ML for his master's. He wanted to explore the MLOps area, which requires a combination of software engineering and AI skills, an area with relatively lower competition in the market. Fast forward to today, he is currently working as an MLOps engineer at a bank. He enjoys his current work a lot and is happier than ever, having achieved his goal after 2-3 years of a bumpy career exploration journey. I find his story very inspiring and a good learning reference for some of you who are currently doing career switches. Do you have any learnings or advice that you can share? Share them in the comment below ! ----- 🔔 I post content about software engineering, follow me on LinkedIn and subscribe to my newsletter for more content like this. #softwareengineering #career

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We have used file handling in C, C++, Python and many other programming languages but what happens when we need to use a micro-controller for file handling purposes? This article will solve that problem. We will use ESP32 via using ESP-IDF SPIFFS feature to save files in our micro-controller and read , write also delete them. This article helps you understand how you can use SPIFFS feature in your ESP-IDF project. If you have questions add me on Discord @shahrukh517#4777. Happy Coding! #esp32 #espidf #embedded #embeddedsystems #iot #Cprogramming #microcontrollers https://lnkd.in/dDSNiWB7

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