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Kristof Villibald Gljuk

Az Википедиа
Kristof Villibald Gljuk
olmonī: Christoph Willibald von Gluck
Ittilooti asosī
Ta'rixi tavallud 2 ijul 1714(1714-07-02)[1][2][3][…]
Zodgoh
Ta'rixi darguzaşt 15 nojabr 1787(1787-11-15)[1][2][3][…] (73 sol)
Mahalli darguzaşt
Solhoi fa'olijat az 1741
Kişvar
Peşa(ho) ohangsoz, rahbari musiqī
Soz pipe organ[d]
Sabk opera[10], musiqiji kilossik[d][11] va balet[12]
Çoizaho
Order of the Golden Spur
 Parvandaho dar Vikianbor
Osor dar Vikiteka

Kristof Villibald fon Gljuk (olmonī: Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck; 2 ijul 1714[1][2][3][…], Erasbax[d], Foltsi Bolo[d][4] — 15 nojabr 1787[1][2][3][…], Vena[5][6][7][…]) — ohangsozi olmonī, namojandai klassitsizm.

Zindaginoma

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Dar maktabi rustoī (dar Cexija) barobari savod omūxtan, ilmi musiqī (navoxtani klavir, arƣunun, ƣiççak) va zabonhoi qadimiro (lotiniju junonī) az bar namud. Solhoi 1731—1734 donişçūi Donişgohi Poris bud, musiqiro mukammal faro girifta, dar xorho surud mexond. Solhoi 1735-36 dar Vena, dar darbori knjaz F. Lobkovite xidmat kard. Zamone, ki dar Itolijo bud (1737—1745), barobari dūstī bo Ç. B. Sammartini, hamrohi ū 4 sol tahsil kard. Dar London (1746) du asari xeşro ba sahna guzoşt va ba ta'lifoti Georg Fridrix Gendel oşno şud. Solhoi 1746—1749 dar hamkorī bo gurūhi operai sajjori barodaron Gljuk va A. Mingatti dar şaщrhoi Hamburg, Drezden, Lejpsig, Kopenhagen konsertho namoiş medihad.

Eçodijot

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Solhoi 1737—1752 avçi kamoloti eçodiji Gljuk şumurda meşavad, ki ūro az jak xodimi musiqiji ma'mulī ba jak sohibma'lumoti avrupoī, ohangsozi şoistai e'tirofi umum, kapelmejster, basahnaguzoranda va tarƣibgari osori xeş tabdil dod. Dar in solho dar sabki itolijoiji operahoi «Artaksers» (1741), «Demetrij» (1742), «Tigran» (1743), «Etsio» (1751), «Issipile» (1752), «Titai mehrubon» (1751)-ro ta'lif kard. Avvali solhoi 1750 ba Vena bozgaşta, bo dar nazar doştani havasmandiji şunavandagoni avstrijagiji operahoi mazhakaviji faronsavī mazhakahoi musiqiji «Kanizi qalbakī» (1758), «Çazirai Merlini jo Qijomat» (1758), «Benazmī jo çaşni Ahrimanī» (1759), «Kadiji firebxūrda» (1761) va balethoi «Aleksandr» (1756), «Don-Ƶuan» (1761), «Semiramida» (1765, xoreografijai Gljuk Ançolini)-ro menavisad. Gljuk an'anahoi peşinaro ba kullī taƣjir doda, operaro az şaklparastī, arijahoro az dabdabai xuşku xolī ozod karda, diqqati asosiro ba dramatizmi on ravona kard: operahoi «Orfej va Evridi» (1762), «Alsesta» (1767). Ū operaro ba foçiai musiqī tabdil dod. Operahoi «Paris va Elena» (1770), «Armida» (1777) va ƣ. operahoi sifatan nav va pur az dramatizm budand.

Operahoi tipi navi Gljuk, ki dar natiçai talaboti balandi estetikiju etikiji zamon manzur şudand, bo tarhreziji ohangsozoni olmoniju zaboni muoşirati cexī, bo vahdati ustodoni şinoxtai itolijoī va ba zaminahoi avstrijagiju faronsavī ba vuçud omadaand, ki samarai çustuçūhoi taqr. 40-solai muallif meboşand. Eçodijoti Gljuk ba V. A. Motsart, L. Betxoven va R. Vagner ta'sir rasondaast.

Ezoh

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bibliothèque nationale de France identifikator BNF (fr.): platformai dodahoi boz — 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Croll G. Encyclopædia Britannica (ingl.)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Internet Broadway Database (ingl.) — 2000.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Archivio Storico Ricordi — 1808.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gljuk Kristof Villibalьd // Bolьşaja sovetskaja entsiklopedija (rus.): [v 30 t.] / pod red. A. M. Proxorova — 3-e izd. — M.: Sovetskaja entsiklopedija, 1969.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16248/16248-h/16248-h.htm
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.660064&catNum=660064&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English
  8. ↑ The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (ingl.) / S. Sadie, N. Fortune — OUP, 1980.
  9. ↑ The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (ingl.) / S. Sadie, C. Bashford — 1992.
  10. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/17/arts/review-opera-chicago-season-opens-with-gluck-s-alceste.html
  11. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/10/arts/classical-music-gluck-momentarily-neglected-awaits-a-new-tide-of-fashion.html
  12. ↑ http://www.bluebeat.com/albums/11113/Gluck-Don-Juan~-Semiramis

Adabijot

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  • Rыtsarev S. A. K. V. Gljuk. M., 1987;
  • Kirillina L. V. Reformatorskie operы Gljuka. M., 2006;
  • Novaja rossijskaja entsiklopedija. T. IV (2). M., 2008.

Sarcaşma

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  • Gljuk Kristof Villibald // Viclas — Gūjanda. — D. : SIEMT, 2015. — (Ensiklopedijai Milliji Toçik : [taxm. 25 ç.] / sarmuharrir N. Amirşohī ; 2011—2023, ç. 4). — ISBN 978-99947-33-77-4.


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