Armadillo

Armadillos Temporal range: Palaeocene–Recent
Nine-banded Armadillo
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Superorder:	Xenarthra
Order:	Cingulata
Families
†Pampatheriidae †Glyptodontidae Dasypodidae

Pink Fairy Armadillo, Chlamyphorus truncatus

A armadillo is in the Cingulata, an order of New World placental mammals. The living ones have a leathery armored shell. The word armadillo is Spanish for "little armored one".

There are about 10 living genera and about 20 species of armadillo. Their average length is about 75 centimeters (30 in), including the tail. The giant armadillo grows up to 100 cm (39 in) and weigh 30 kg (66lbs). All species live in the Americas. Most of the 20 species are found in open areas, such as grasslands, but some also live in forests.

Armadillos species are mostly found in South and Central America, especially around Paraguay. Many species are endangered.

Embryology

The nine-banded armadillo has an unusual reproductive system, in which genetically identical quadruplets are born in each litter.

Because they are always genetically identical clones, the group of four young is a good subject for scientific, behavioural or medical tests. They provide the same biological and genetic makeup, and then get different treatment. This is the only regular case of 'polyembryony' in the class Mammalia, where one fertilised egg splits into four embryos. It only happens in the genus Dasypus, and not in all armadillos. Other animals which have this reproductive method are parasitoid wasps, certain flatworms and various aquatic invertebrates.

Classification

Order CINGULATA

• †Family Pampatheriidae: giant armadillos
• †Family Glyptodontidae: glyptodonts
• Family Dasypodidae: armadillos
  • Subfamily Dasypodinae
  • Subfamily Tolypeutinae

† indicates extinct taxon