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Articles by Steve
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What are the most common reasons for an ML model to fail in production?
In the early days of computing in the 90s, the adage "garbage in, garbage out" was coined. In these days of AI and Machine learning, we have to even more CAERFUL as avalanche of data needs to be Curated, Processed, Checked and Double checked before applying any algorithms to them. This first step is the MOST CRITICAL of all before going any prediction of the data. Otherwise, its "Sewage in, sewage out!"
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How can entry-level Critical Thinking professionals use feedback to improve their skills?
I have begun to seek advice and commentary from junior colleagues, friends and contacts on #Linkedin. The primary reason is that every generation thinks and feels quite differently from the one before, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50- years from me. This broadens my horizon, enables development of empathy and also allows me to distil nuggets of wisdom that are common across all age groups as we develop in our lives and careers... Hope this is useful to the community?
Activity
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This is transformational! #Olas, an artificial intelligence agent building and deployment platform for the #cryptocurrency industry, today launched a…
This is transformational! #Olas, an artificial intelligence agent building and deployment platform for the #cryptocurrency industry, today launched a…
Shared by Steve Oh
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Get yourself an #AI #TUTOR if you haven't done so yet. Invaluable. https://lnkd.in/g3hma6FC
Get yourself an #AI #TUTOR if you haven't done so yet. Invaluable. https://lnkd.in/g3hma6FC
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We're thrilled to be presenting in person at BIO-Europe Spring! Register today to attend our presentation. BIO-Europe Spring will take place in…
We're thrilled to be presenting in person at BIO-Europe Spring! Register today to attend our presentation. BIO-Europe Spring will take place in…
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Volunteer Experience
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Volunteer
WWF
- Present 1 year 3 months
Animal Welfare
This year's focus will be on animal welfare including the sea habitats in the Coral triangle in S.E.Asia.
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Supporter
World Vision Singapore
- Present 1 year 4 months
Children
I love to support children to reach their full potential in the South East Asian nations that border Singapore. Blessing them with education, hygienic living and the Gospel of GRACE of JESUS CHRIST.
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Volunteer Staff
Ground-Up Initiative (GUI) 聚友爱
- Present 3 years 2 months
Environment
Weeding, composting, planting. Grounding myself to the earth where all our riches come from.
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Itinerant servant of GOD
https://handinternational.org/
- Present 15 years 1 month
Poverty Alleviation
We work with friends to change the environment in South East Asia. To feed the hungry, teach the un-educated, and poor business ideas. But mostly pray for changes in the countries who need uplifting!
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Volunteer
Pulau Ubin Volunteers
- Present 3 years 2 months
Environment
Exploring the restoration of wetlands with the replanting of Mangroves
Publications
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Serum-free media formulations are cell line–specific and require optimization for microcarrier culture
Cytotherapy
Highlights
•MSC lines vary in growth with different serum-free media.
•Serum-free medium requirements differ between monolayer and microcarrier cultures.
•MSC growth does not correlate between static versus agitated microcarrier culture.
•Serum-free medium requires optimization for large-scale microcarrier culture.
http://stemcellassays.com/2015/07/optimization-serum-free-media-msc-expansion/Other authors -
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3D microcarrier system for efficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hematopoietic cells without feeders and serum
Future Medicine
Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been derived and maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders to keep their undifferentiated status. To realize their clinical potential, a feeder-free and scalable system for large scale production of hESCs and their differentiated derivatives is required. Materials & methods: hESCs were cultured and passaged on serum/feeder-free 3D microcarriers for five passages. For embryoid body (EB) formation and hemangioblast differentiation, the…
Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been derived and maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders to keep their undifferentiated status. To realize their clinical potential, a feeder-free and scalable system for large scale production of hESCs and their differentiated derivatives is required. Materials & methods: hESCs were cultured and passaged on serum/feeder-free 3D microcarriers for five passages. For embryoid body (EB) formation and hemangioblast differentiation, the medium for 3D microcarriers was directly switched to EB medium. Results: hESCs on 3D microcarriers maintained pluripotency and formed EBs, which were ten-times more efficient than hESCs cultured under 2D feeder-free conditions (0.11 ± 0.03 EB cells/hESC input 2D vs 1.19 ± 0.32 EB cells/hESC input 3D). After replating, EB cells from 3D culture readily developed into hemangioblasts with the potential to differentiate into hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Furthermore, this 3D system can also be adapted to human induced pluripotent stem cells, which generate functional hemangioblasts with high efficiency. Conclusion: This 3D serum- and stromal-free microcarrier system is important for future clinical applications, with the potential of developing to a GMP-compatible scalable system.
Other authorsSee publication -
Inhibition of ROCK-Myosin II Signaling pathway enables culturing of human pluripotent stem cells on microcarriers without extracellular matrix coating.
Mary Ann Liebert
Abstract
Large quantities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) needed for therapeutic applications can be grown in scalable suspended microcarrier cultures. These microcarriers are coated with animal or human extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in order to promote cell growth and maintain pluripotency. However, the coating is costly for large scale cultures and it presents safety risks. This study demonstrates that hPSCs can be propagated on non-coated positively charged cellulose…Abstract
Large quantities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) needed for therapeutic applications can be grown in scalable suspended microcarrier cultures. These microcarriers are coated with animal or human extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in order to promote cell growth and maintain pluripotency. However, the coating is costly for large scale cultures and it presents safety risks. This study demonstrates that hPSCs can be propagated on non-coated positively charged cellulose microcarriers in serum free medium containing ROCK inhibitor, (Y27632) or myosin inhibitor, Blebbistatin. In the presence of these two inhibitors, myosin phosphatase 1 and myosin light chain 2 were dephosphorylated suggesting that reduced myosin contractility is responsible for hPSC survival and growth on ECM-coating free microcarriers. Cells propagated on the non-coated microcarriers for 12 passages maintained their pluripotency and karyotype stability. Scalability was demonstrated by achieving cell concentration of 2.3×10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml with 11.5 fold expansion (HES-3) in 100ml spinner flask. The differentiation capability of these cells towards three primary lineages is demonstrated via <i>in vitro</i> embryoid bodies and <i>in vivo</i> teratoma formations. Moreover, the directed differentiation to polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule positive (PSA-NCAM+) neural progenitors produced high cell concentration (9.1±1.2×10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml) with cell yield of 412±77 neural progenitor cells per seeded HES-3 and PSA-NCAM expression level of 91±1.1%. This defined serum- and coating- free scalable microcarrier culturing system is a safer and less expensive method for generating large amounts of hPSCs for cell therapies.Other authors -
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Application of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell microcarrier cultures in cellular therapy: Achievements and future direction.
Biotechnology Advances, Elsevier
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently made significant progress with multiple clinical trials targeting modulation of immune responses, regeneration of bone, cartilage, myocardia, and diseases like Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Hurler syndrome. On the other hand, the use of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in clinical trials is rather limited mainly due to safety issues. Only two clinical trials, retinal pigment epithelial transplantation and…Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently made significant progress with multiple clinical trials targeting modulation of immune responses, regeneration of bone, cartilage, myocardia, and diseases like Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Hurler syndrome. On the other hand, the use of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in clinical trials is rather limited mainly due to safety issues. Only two clinical trials, retinal pigment epithelial transplantation and treatment of spinal cord injury were reported. Cell doses per treatment can range between 50,000 and 6billion cells. The current 2-dimensional tissue culture platform can be used when low cell doses are needed and it becomes impractical when doses above 50million are needed. This demand for future cell therapy has reinvigorated interests in the use of the microcarrier platform for generating stem cells in a scalable 3-dimensional manner. Microcarriers developed for culturing adherent cell lines in suspension have been used mainly in vaccine production and research purposes. Since MSCs grow as monolayers similar to conventional adherent cell lines, adapting MSCs to a microcarrier based expansion platform has been progressing rapidly. On the other hand, establishing a robust microcarrier platform for hPSCs is more challenging as these cells grow in multilayer colonies on extracellular matrices and are more susceptible to shear stress. This review describes properties of commercially available microcarriers developed for cultivation of anchorage dependent cells and present current achievements for expansion and differentiation of stem cells. Key issues such as microcarrier properties and coatings, cell seeding conditions, medium development and improved bioprocess parameters needed for optimal stem cell systems are discussed.Other authors -
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Managing particulates in cellular therapy.
Cytotherapy
Abstract
The concept of particulates, while common to many in the pharmaceutical and blood transfusion disciplines, represents a distinct challenge in the field of cellular therapy. With newly discovered products advancing through clinical trials, the focus has shifted to ensuring products are manufactured in a reliable and safe manner. Given the unique manufacturing processes and resulting products (i.e. the cell being the active ingredient of the product), the way in which particulates are…Abstract
The concept of particulates, while common to many in the pharmaceutical and blood transfusion disciplines, represents a distinct challenge in the field of cellular therapy. With newly discovered products advancing through clinical trials, the focus has shifted to ensuring products are manufactured in a reliable and safe manner. Given the unique manufacturing processes and resulting products (i.e. the cell being the active ingredient of the product), the way in which particulates are viewed and subsequently tested needs to be reviewed. No specific test or method for particulates will apply to all products, and guidance documents will be generated over time as more cell therapy products are approved. The details of the processes, testing methods used and acceptance criteria established for particulates will play a major role in generating the guidance documents. This will ultimately allow for the manufacture and administration of safe and effective products without thwarting advancement of the cellular therapy field. The intent of this review is to bring awareness to the topic of particulates with respect to cell therapy, and encourage a more open dialog and exchange of examples within the industry. We have reviewed the concept of particulates, where they originate and how they are introduced to cell therapy products, and the current methods available for their detection. We have also reviewed the relevance of current guidance documents and present potential strategies to move forward and address and control unwanted contaminating particulates in cell therapy products. -
Microcarrier Suspension Cultures for High-Density Expansion and Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neural Progenitor Cells.
Tissue Engineering Part C, Methods. Mary Ann Liebert
The integrated process of cell expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into neuroprogenitors (NPCs) using microcarriers in spinner flasks yielded 333 NPCs per seeded hiPSC as compared to 53 in the classical 2D tissue culture protocol.
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Activated T cells modulate immunosuppression by embryonic-and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells through a feedback mechanism.
Cytotherapy
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS: Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (hESC-MSC) are an alternative source of MSC to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (BM-MSC), which are being investigated in clinical trials for their immunomodulatory potential. hESC-MSC have the advantage of being consistent because each batch can be generated from hESC under defined conditions. In contrast, BM-MSC have a limited proliferative capacity.
METHODS: The ability to suppress the…Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS: Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (hESC-MSC) are an alternative source of MSC to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (BM-MSC), which are being investigated in clinical trials for their immunomodulatory potential. hESC-MSC have the advantage of being consistent because each batch can be generated from hESC under defined conditions. In contrast, BM-MSC have a limited proliferative capacity.
METHODS: The ability to suppress the proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4 (+) T cells by hESC-MSC was compared with adult BM-MSC and neonatal foreskin fibroblast (Fb).
RESULTS: hESC-MSC suppress the proliferation of CD4 (+) T cells in both contact and transwell systems, although inhibition is less in the transwell system. hESC-MSC are approximately 2-fold less potent (67 cells/100 T cells) than BM-MSC and Fb (37 and 34 cells/100 T cells, respectively) at suppressing T-cell proliferation by 50% in a transwell [inhibitory concentration(IC)(50)]. The anti-proliferative effect is not contact-dependent but requires the presence of factors such as interferon (IFN)-γ produced by activated T cells. IFN-γ induces the expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in hESC-MSC, BM-MSC and Fb, contributing to their immunosuppressive property.
CONCLUSIONS: The feedback loop between MSC or Fb and activated T cells may limit the immunosuppressive effects of MSC and Fb to sites containing ongoing immunologic or inflammatory responses where activated T cells induce the up-regulation of IDO and immunomodulatory properties of MSC and Fb. These data demonstrate that hESC-MSC may be evaluated further as an allogeneic cell source for therapeutic applications requiring immunosuppression. -
Meeting Lot Size Challenges of Manufacturing Adherent Cells for Therpy
Bioprocess International
Here, we examine the three platforms available for producing adherent cells — planar technologies, packed-bed systems, and suspension platforms such as microcarriers and aggregate cultures — for their potential of meeting lot requirements at different scales. As new production methods are introduced, we propose addressing downstream processing bottlenecks before they occur and introduce some large-volume downstream process technologies.
Other authorsSee publication
Languages
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Chinese
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French
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#Robot #Poetry in motion! This is so smooth. Our future companions. https://lnkd.in/gQQRs8_t
#Robot #Poetry in motion! This is so smooth. Our future companions. https://lnkd.in/gQQRs8_t
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