Asunción

*Asunción*
Asunción; Asunción
	Clockwise frae top: skyline o the ceety frae the Paraguay River, Citibank Tower, the Cabildo o Asunción, the Naitional Pantheon o the Heroes, Palacio de los López, Hotel Guaraní
	Banner Seal
	Eik-name(s): Mither o Ceeties
	Asunción Location in Paraguay
	Coordinates: 25°16′55.91″S 57°38′6.36″W / 25.2821972°S 57.6351000°W
Kintra	Paraguay
autonomous caipital destrict	Gran Asunción
Foondit	15 August 1537
Govrenment
• Intendant	Arnaldo Samaniego
Area
• City	117 km2 (45.2 sq mi)
• Metro	1000 km2 (400 sq mi)
Elevation	43 m (141 ft)
Population (2009)
• City	542,023
• Density	4411/km2 (11,420/sq mi)
• Metro	2,329,061
Demonym(s)	Asunceno (m), Asuncena (f)
Area code(s)	+595 21
HDI (2008)	0.837 – high
Website	http://www.mca.gov.py

Asunción is the caipital an lairgest ceety in Paraguay. The Spaingie wird asunción means assumption in Inglis. It refers tae the Assumption o Mary; the full name means The Vera Noble an Loyal Ceety o Oor Lady Saunt Mary o the Assumption (Spaingie:La Muy Noble y Leal Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción).

The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous caipital destrict no pairt o ony depairtment. The metropolitan aurie, cawed Gran Asunción, includes the ceeties o San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San Antonio, Limpio, Capiatá an Villa Elisa, which are pairt o the Central Depairtment. The Asunción metropolitan aurie haes mair nor 1.8 million indwallers. The Municipality o Asunción is leetit on the Asunción Stock Exchynge, as BVPASA: MUA, a unique featur o ony ceety.

It is the hame o the naitional govrenment, principal port, an the chief industrial an cultural centre o the kintra. Local manufacturin production includes fuitwear, textiles, an tobacco products.

History

Asunción is ane o the lairgest ceeties in Sooth Americae an the langest continually inhabited aurie in the River Plate Basin; for this reason that it is know as "Mother of Cities". It wis frae here that the colonial expeditions departit tae foond ither ceeties, includin the seicont foondation o Buenos Aires an o ither important ceeties sic as Villarrica, Corrientes, Santa Fe an Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

The site o the ceety mey hae been first visitit bi Spainyie conqueror Juan de Ayolas, on his wey north, up the Paraguay River, leukin for a passage tae the mines o Alto Perú (present-day Bolivie). Later, Juan de Salazar y Espinosa an Gonzalo de Mendoza, relative o Pedro de Mendoza, wur sent in sairch o Ayolas, but wur unable tae find him. On his wey up an then doun the river, de Salazar stopped briefly at a bay in the left bank tae resupply his ships. He foond the natives friendly, an decidit tae foond a fort thare, in August, 1537. As customary, he named it accordin tae the releegious feast o that day: for August 15, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Oor Lady o the Assumption), honorin the feast day o the Assumption. This fort became a ceety wi the establishment o the Cabildo (civilian admeenistration) on 16 September 1541.

In 1541, natives destroyed Buenos Aires, an the Spaniards fled tae Asunción. Sicweys, the ceety became the centre o a lairge Spainyie colonial province comprisin pairt o Brazil, present-day Paraguay an northeastren Argentinae: the Giant Province o the Indies. In 1603 Asunción wis the seat o the First Synod o Asunción, which set guidelines for the evangelization o the natives in thair lingua franca, Guaraní.

In 1731, an uprisin unner José de Antequera y Castro wis ane o the first rebellions against Spaingie colonial rule. The uprisin failed, but it wis the first sign o the independent spirit that wis growin amang the criollos, mestizos an natives o Paraguay. The event influenced the unthirldom o Paraguay, which then materialised in 1811. The secret reunions atween the unthirldom leaders tae plan an ambush against the Spaingie Governor in Paraguay Bernardo de Velasco wur held at the hame o Juana María de Lara, in dountoun Asunción. On the nicht o Mey 14 an Mey 15 the rebels succeedit an wur able tae force governor Velasco tae surrender. The day, Lara's hame is kent as Casa de la Independencia (Hoose o the Independence) an serves as a museum an historical building.

Efter Paraguay became independent, thare wis significant chynge in Asunción. Unner the presidency o Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia roads wur biggit throughoot the ceety an the streets wur named. Housomeivver, it wis durin the presidency o Carlos Antonio López that Asunción (an Paraguay) progressed, as the new preses implementit new economic policies. Mair nor 400 schuils, metallurgic factories an the first railwey service in Sooth Americae wur biggit durin the López presidency. Efter López dee'd, his son Francisco Solano López became the new preses an led the kintra throu the disastrous Paraguayan War that lastit for five years. Efter the War, Asunción wis occupeed bi Brazilian troops till 1876.

Mony historians hae claimed that this war provoked a steady dounfaw o the ceety an kintra, syne it massacred twa thirds o the kintra's population. Progress slowed doun greatly efterwards, an the economy remained stagnatit.

Efter the Paraguayan War, Asunción began a slow recovery attempt. Towards the end o the 19t hunderyear an durin the early years o the 20t hunderyear, a flow o immigrants frae Europe an the Ottoman Empire came tae the ceety. This led tae a chynge in the appearance o the ceety as mony new biggins wur biggit an Asunción went throu a era mair prosperous than ony syne the war.

Demographics

Population is approximately 520,000 fowk in the ceety proper. Roughly 30% o Paraguay's 6 million fowk live athin Greater Asunción. Saxtie-five percent o the tot population in the ceety ar unner the age o 30.

The population haes increased greatly durin the last few decades as a consequence o internal migration frae ither Depairtments o Paraguay, at first acause o the economic boom in the 1970s, an later acause o economic recession in the kintraside. The adjacent ceeties in the Gran Asunción aurie, sic as Luque, Lambaré, San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay an Mariano Roque Alonso, hae absorbed maist o this influx due tae the law cost o the land an easy access tae Asunción. The ceety haes ranked as the least expensive ceety tae live in for five years runnin bi Mercer Human Resoorce Consultin.

Geografie

Asunción is locatit atween the parallels 25º 15' an 25º 20' o sooth latitude an atween the meridians 57º 40' an 57º 30' o wast longitude. The ceety sits on the left bank o the Paraguay River, amaist at the confluence o this river wi the River Pilcomayo. The Paraguay River an the Bay o Asunción in the northwast separate the ceety frae the Occidental Region o Paraguay an Argentinae in the sooth pairt o the ceety. The rest o the ceety is surroondit bi the Central Depairtment.

Wi its location alang the Paraguay River, the ceety affers mony landscapes; it spreads oot ower gentle hills in a pattern o rectangular blocks. Places sic as Cerro Lambaré, a hill locatit in Lambaré, affer a spectacular show in the waretime acause o the blossomin lapacho trees in the aurie. Pairks sic as Parque Independencia an Parque Carlos Antonio López affer lairge auries o teepical Paraguayan vegetation an ar frequentit bi tourists. Thare ar several sma hills an slichtly elevatit auries throughoot the ceety, includin Cabará, Clavel, Tarumá, Cachinga, an Tacumbú, amang ithers.

Destricts an neebourheids

Asunción is organisit geographically intae destricts an thir in turn bring thegither the different neebourheids.

Neebourheid	Population (2002)	Neebourheid	Population (2002)	Neebourheid	Population (2002)
1. Itá Enramada	4845	24. Seminario	5070	47. Pinoza	6621
2. Santa Ana	5775	25. Vista Alegre	12,611	48. Jara	13,554
3. Bañado Santa Ana	8374	26. Panambí Retá	2386	49. Banco San Miguel	953
4. Roberto L. Pettit	20,201	27. Panambí Verá	2591	50. Tablada Nueva	6573
5. Republicano	8429	28. San Pablo	21,787	51. Virgen del Huerto	4809
6. Pirizal	4022	29. Terminal	4305	52. Virgen de la Asunción	9983
7. San Vicente	15,412	30. Hipódromo	8348	53. Bella Vista	6657
8. Bañado Tacumbú	10,958	31. Nazareth	7133	54. Santo Domingo	2591
9. Obrero	19,823	32. Villa Aurelia	9871	55. Cañada del Ybaray	3166
10. Tacumbú	13,366	33. Los Laureles	3517	56. Las Lomas (Carmelitas)	5604
11. Sajonia	14,873	34. Mariscal Estigarribia	7711	57. Madame Lynch	8589
12. Itá Pytá Punta	4225	35. San Cristóbal	6618	58. Salvador del Mundo	3883
13. San Antonio	9544	36. Herrera	5149	59. Ñu Guazú	1342
14. Dr. Francia	10,925	37. Santa María	4591	60. Mbocayaty	6512
15. La Encarnación	4928	38. Ytay	3054	61. Mburucuyá	8377
16. Catedral	3676	39. San Jorge	4844	62. Trinidad	4515
17. General Díaz	6068	40. Ycuá Satí	6687	63. Virgen de Fátima	6064
18. Pettirossi	11380	41. Manorá	1898	64. San Rafael	10,732
19. San Roque	6355	42. Villa Morra	4114	65. Botánico	9982
20. Ricardo Brugada (Chacarita)	10,455	43. Recoleta	10,230	66. Zeballos Cué	18,553
21. San Felipe	5679	44. Tembetary	3515	67. Loma Pytá	6231
22. Las Mercedes	4827	45. Mburicaó	7691	68. San Blas	3651
23. Ciudad Nueva	8584	46. General Caballero	8128	69. Santa Rosa	3546
12a. Carlos A. López	?				70. Mariscal López	5025

Climate

Asunción featurs a tropical savanna climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. Asunción generally haes a relatively short dry saison that spans frae Juin tae September an a wet saison that covers the remainder o the year. The climate o Asunción can be describit as het an humid for maist o the year. Durin the wet saison, Asunción is generally het an humid tho towards the end o this saison, it becomes noticeably ceuler. In contrast, Asunción's dry saison is pleasantly mild.

Climate data for Asunción, Paraguay
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average heich °C (°F)	33 (91)	33 (91)	32 (90)	28 (82)	25 (77)	23 (73)	23 (73)	24 (75)	26 (79)	29 (84)	31 (88)	32 (90)	28.2 (82.8)
Average law °C (°F)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	19 (66)	16 (61)	14 (57)	14 (57)	14 (57)	16 (61)	18 (64)	20 (68)	22 (72)	18.2 (64.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	158 (6.2)	122 (4.8)	115 (4.5)	157 (6.2)	110 (4.3)	72 (2.8)	42 (1.7)	77 (3.0)	79 (3.1)	116 (4.6)	153 (6.0)	132 (5.2)	1,333 (52.5)
Source: The Weather Network^[2]

Eddication

The leeteracy rate is 95 percent, the hichtest in Paraguay. The nummer o schuils haes doobled syne 1982. Student nummers hae doobled syne 1962.

Schuils

The ceety haes a lairge nummer o baith public an private schuils. The best-kent public schuils ar the Colegio Nacional de la Capital (which is ane o the auldest schuils in the ceety, foondit efter the Triple Alliance War in 1877), Colegio Presidente Franco an Colegio Nacional Asunción Escalada. The best-kent private schuils ar Colegio Inmaculado Corazón de María, Salesianito, Colegio Cristo Rey (a Jesuit private schuil), Colegio Internacional (an American missionary schuil), Colegio San José (Catholic schuil), Colegio Santa Teresa de Jesús (Catholic schuil) American School o Asunción, Colegio Dante Alighieri (Italian private schuil), Colegio Santa Clara (Franciscan School), Colegio Goethe (German schuil), Pan American International School (American-creditit an awardit bi the American Buird o Accreditation), Colegio de la Asunción an Colegio Campoalto (Catholic schuils)

Universities

The main varsities in the ceety ar the Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (private Catholic varsity) an the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (state-run). The Católica haes a sma campus in the dountoun aurie next tae the Cathedral an a lairger campus in the Santa Ana neighborhood, ootwards toward the adjoinin ceety o Lambaré, while the Universidad Nacional haes its main campus in the ceety o San Lorenzo, some 5 km eastward frae Asunción. Thare ar an aa a nummer o smawer privately run varsities sic as Uninorte, Universidad Americana an Universidad Autónoma de Asunción, amang ithers.

Economy

Awtho the economically active population o Asunción haes no increased significantly in the last 10 years, it haes doubled syne 1962.

The industrial distribution o the economically active population show that the tertiary (business an services) sector is the maist important, employin 8 oot o 10 o aw economically active fowk. The seicontary sector (manufacturin an construction) employs 16% o the active population, while the primary sector (farmin) is practically nan-existent, as Asunción is a completely urban destrict.

In terms o commerce, it shoud be notit that this sector haes grown considerably in recent years stretchin towards the suburbs whaur shoppin malls an supermercats hae been biggit.

Paraguay's anerlie stock exchynge, the BVPASA, is locatit here. The ceety itsel is leetit on it, as BVPASA: MUA.

In Julie 2008, Asunción wis foond tae be the "cheapest ceety in the warld" bi Mercer.

Transportation

Acause the Paraguay River runs richt next tae Asunción the ceety is served bi a river terminal in the dountoun aurie. This port is strategically locatit inside a bay an it is whaur maist freight enters an leaves the kintra. Thare is a lesser terminal in the Sajonia neighbourhuid, an a shuttle port in Ita Enramada, amaist opposite the Argentine ceety o Clorinda.

Public transportation is uised hivilie an is served throu buses that reach aw the regions o the ceety an surroodin dormitory communities. The main lang-distance bus terminal is on the Avenida República Argentina an its bus services connect aw o the Depairtments o Paraguay, as well as internaitional routes tae nearbi kintras sic as Argentinae, Brazil, Bolivie an Uruguay.

Asunción is served bi the Silvio Pettirossi Interniational Airport locatit in the ceety o Luque.

Air

Silvio Pettirossi International Airport (IATA: ASU, ICAO: SGAS) is Paraguay's main naitional an internaitional gateway, locatit at Luque, suburb o the caipital Asunción. It is named efter the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi an wis umwhile kent as Presidente Stroessner Internaitional Airport, efter Paraguay's umwhile dictator General Alfredo Stroessner.

Tourist attractions

The ceety is hame tae the Godoi Museum an the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (which contains auld pentins frae the 19t century), the Kirk o La Encarnación an the Metropolitan Cathedral, an the Naitional Pantheon o the Heroes, a smawer version o Les Invalides in Paris, whaur mony o the naition's heroes ar entombed. Ither laundmerks include the Palacio de los López, the auld Senate building (a modren biggin opened tae hoose Congress in 2003), the Catedral Metropolitana an the Casa de la Independencia (ane o the few examples o colonial airchitectur remainin in the ceety).

Calle Palma is the main street dountoun whaur several historical biggins, plazas, shops, restaurants an cafes ar locatit. The "Manzana de la Rivera", locatit in front o the Presidential Palace, is a series o auld traditional hames that hae been restored an serve as a museum showcasin the airchitectural evolution o the ceety. The auld railwey station maintains the auld trains that nou ar uised in tourist trips tae the ceeties o Luque an Areguá.

Asunción an aa haes luxurious malls that contain shops sellin well-kent brands. The biggest shopping malls ar Shopping del Sol, which includes a Macy's-style depairtment store; Mariscal López Shopping, Shopping Villa Morra in the central pairt o the ceety, an the Mall Excelsior dountoun.

Sports an entertainment

fitbaa is the main sport in Paraguay, an Asunción is home tae some o the maist important an traditional soccer teams lik Olimpia, Cerro Porteño an Club Libertad, Club Nacional, Club Guaraní, Club Sol de América, which hae thair awn stadiums an sport facilities for affiliated members. The Defensores del Chaco stadium is the main fitbaa stadium o the kintra an is locatit in the neighbourhood o Sajonia, juist a few minutes away frae the centre o Asunción. Syne it is a naitional stadium whiles it is uised for ither activities sic as rock concerts.

The nichtlife revolves aroond twa auries: ane in the dountoun pairt o the ceety an the ither in the neighbourhoods o Manora an Las Carmelitas, a strip full o nichtclubs an bars.

As it haes been happenin in mony ither pairts o the warld, cinemas hae migratit intae the main shoppin malls.

Asunción an aa host several symphony orchestras, an ballet, opera an theater companies. The maist weel kent orchestras ar the Ceety o Asunción's Symphony Orchestra (OSCA), the Naitional Symphony Orchestra an the Northren Varsity Symphony Orchestra. Amang professional ballet companies, maist renowned ar the Asunción Classic an Modren Municipal Ballet, the Naitional Ballet an the Northren Varsity Ballet. The main opera company is the Northren Varsity Opera Company. A lang-standin theater company is Arlequín Theater Foundation's. Traditional venues include the Municipal Theater, the Paraguayan-Japanese Center, the Central Bank's Great Lyric Theater, the Juan de Salazar Cultural Center, the Americaes Theater, the Tom Jobim Theater, the Arlequín Theater an the Manzana de la Rivera.