Jump to content

ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ
පළාත
மாகாணம்
ᱛᱷᱚᱠᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱓᱓
ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ᱙ (᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ)
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ᱑,᱐᱖᱑,᱓᱑᱕–᱕,᱘᱕᱑,᱑᱓᱐
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ᱓,᱖᱘᱔–᱑᱐,᱔᱗᱒ km²
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ)
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ

ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ: පළාත, ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱛᱟ ; ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ: மாகாணம், ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱑᱘᱓᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱨᱮ ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (20th century) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱚᱯᱪᱟᱨᱤᱠ (Ceremonial) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱱᱩᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱛᱟ, ᱯᱤᱦᱤᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟ

ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱱ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱻᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ (control) ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ[] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱞᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟᱞᱤᱥ, ᱠᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱒᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱞᱵᱨᱩᱠᱼᱠᱮᱢᱨᱳᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ[] ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ, ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱓᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ[][][][]

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ :

  • ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
  • ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱴᱨᱤᱱᱠᱳᱢᱟᱞᱮ, ᱵᱟᱴᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱟᱫᱩᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱮᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
  • ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱜᱚᱞ, ᱦᱟᱢᱵᱟᱱᱴᱳᱴᱟ, ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱩᱵᱷᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱜᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱭᱮᱞᱟᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
  • ᱯᱟᱪᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱚ, ᱪᱤᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱛᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞᱚᱥ, ᱯᱷᱳᱨ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞᱚᱥ, ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱞᱟᱛᱷᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ[][][] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ :

  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱑᱘᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱪᱤᱞᱟᱣ, ᱯᱩᱛᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞᱚᱥ) ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ[]
  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ (ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱟᱫᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ[]
  • ᱩᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱮᱱᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱞᱞᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ[]
  • ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨᱟᱜᱟᱢᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ: ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ[]
The short lived North Eastern Province

᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫ (elected Council) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ[᱑᱐]

ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ
(km²)
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ[᱑᱑] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
CP ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱕,᱖᱗᱔ ᱒,᱕᱕᱖,᱗᱗᱔ cp.gov.lk
EP ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱙,᱙᱙᱖ ᱑,᱕᱔᱗,᱓᱗᱗ ep.gov.lk
NC ᱮᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱑᱐,᱗᱑᱔ ᱑,᱒᱕᱙,᱔᱒᱑ nc.gov.lk
NP ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱘,᱘᱘᱔ ᱑,᱐᱖᱐,᱐᱒᱓ np.gov.lk
NW ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱗,᱘᱑᱒ ᱒,᱓᱗᱒,᱑᱘᱕ nw.gov.lk
SG ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨᱟᱜᱟᱢᱩᱣᱟ ᱔,᱙᱐᱒ ᱑,᱙᱑᱙,᱔᱗᱘ sg.gov.lk
SP ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱕,᱕᱕᱙ ᱒,᱔᱖᱕,᱖᱒᱖ sp.gov.lk
UP ᱩᱵᱷᱟ ᱘,᱔᱘᱘ ᱑,᱒᱕᱙,᱔᱑᱙ up.gov.lk
WP ᱯᱟᱪᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱓,᱗᱐᱙ ᱕,᱘᱓᱗,᱒᱙᱔ wpc.gov.lk

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  • "Provinces of Sri Lanka". Statoids.

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sri Lanka topics

  1. ᱑.᱐ ᱑.᱑ "The Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms". Sri Lanka. Library of Congress. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  2. Mills, Lennox A. (1933). Ceylon Under British Rule 1795–1932. London: Oxford University Press/Humphrey S. Milford. p. 68. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  3. Mendis 1946, p. 39.
  4. ᱔.᱐ ᱔.᱑ Samarasinghe, L. M. (21 March 2003). "River basins as administrative divisions". Daily News (Sri Lanka).
  5. ᱕.᱐ ᱕.᱑ "Sinhala Colonisation in the Hereditary Tamil Regions of the Island of Sri Lanka". UN Commission on Human Rights 56th Sessions: March/April 2000. Tamil Nation. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  6. Karalliyadda, S. B. (4 February 2009). "Independence Struggle for a Hundred and Thirty Three Years". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  7. Mendis 1946, p. 51.
  8. ᱘.᱐ ᱘.᱑ Mendis 1946, p. 84.
  9. Mendis 1946, p. 85.
  10. Selvanayagam, S. S. (17 October 2006). "North-East merger illegal: SC". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 3 April 2013.
  11. "Population of Sri Lanka by district" (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.