Top SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers

SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE. In this article, we are going to discuss SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers. Here is the list of frequently asked interview questions on SAP ABAP. 

1. What is SAP ABAP?

Answer: SAP ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming. SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE. ABAP is primarily used for developing and customizing applications within the SAP ecosystem, which includes enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and other business software solutions. C++ is used to implement the ABAP kernel. A procedural and object-oriented programming model are both supported by the hybrid programming language ABAP.

2. What do you mean by data dictionary in SAP ABAP?

Answer: ABAP Data Dictionary, also known as DDIC, is a central repository in the SAP system where all the metadata related to the database objects are stored. The DDIC is used to manage and maintain the definitions of the database objects such as tables, views, structures, data elements, domains, and search helps. The ABAP Data Dictionary provides a graphical user interface (SE11) for developers to create, change, and maintain the database objects and also provides a set of APIs for programmatic access to the metadata stored in the DDIC. This allows for efficient and centralized management of the data structures and definitions in an SAP system.The DDIC also plays an important role in ensuring data consistency and integrity by enforcing referential integrity constraints and by providing support for data types and data domains. Additionally, the ABAP Data Dictionary provides tools for generating database-independent ABAP code, which helps to simplify database migrations and improve the portability of SAP applications.

3. What are the different SAP ABAP/4 editors?

Answer: There are two types of SAP ABAP/4 editor exists:

• SE38: It enables you to create programmes, see reports online, and basically does all of the object development in the ABAP/4 editor.
• SE80: In addition, it facilitates the development of programmes, classes, modules, function groups, packages, and BSP (Business Server Page) applications.

4. What are Smart forms in ABAP?

Answer: Smart Forms is a SAP technology used for creating and maintaining forms and templates in SAP systems. These forms can be used for various purposes, such as generating business documents, like invoices, purchase orders, delivery notes, or any other customized printable documents. Smart Forms offer several advantages over traditional SAPscript forms, including improved design and layout capabilities and integration with SAP applications.

5. What do you mean by interfaces in SAP ABAP?

Answer: The interface in SAP ABAP is different from the class, it can not have any implementation like the class. It defines a set of method declarations that a class must implement without providing any implementation detail of that method. Interface helps in achieving multiple inheritance. Multiple inheritance can be defined as a class can inherit multiple interfaces. Due to Inheritance interface provides a base for polymorphism because the method declared in the interface behaves differently in different classes. Like class Interface can be defined locally or globally in the ABAP programming language.

6. What are internal tables in SAP ABAP?

Answer: In SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), internal tables are data structures used to store and manipulate data within an ABAP program. These tables are similar to arrays or data collections in other programming languages, but they have specific features and characteristics that make them well-suited for handling database records, query results, and other structured data in SAP applications.

7. What is ALV(Application List Viewer) Programming in SAP ABAP?

Answer: ALV (Application List Viewer) programming in SAP ABAP refers to the development of interactive and user-friendly tabular displays for data presentation and reporting within SAP applications. ALV is a framework provided by SAP to create and display lists, grids, and tables of data in a structured and consistent manner. It is used to enhance the usability and readability of data presented to end-users in SAP applications.

ALV programming involves creating ALV grids, lists, or trees, depending on the specific requirements, and it offers various features, such as sorting, filtering, aggregation, and more. The main components of ALV programming include:

• ALV Object Model
• ALV Grid Control
• ALV List Control
• ALV Tree Control
• ALV Function Modules

8. What are different types of data classes in SAP ABAP?

Answer: There are several types of data classes in SAP ABAP, each with its own characteristics and purposes. Here are the main data classes in SAP ABAP:

• Master Data : Master data includes data that rarely changes, such as customer and vendor master data, material master data, and other reference data.
• Transaction Data: Transaction data consists of business transactions, such as sales orders, purchase orders, invoices, and other documents.
• Organization Data : Organization data represents the organizational structure of a company, including organizational units, departments, and other structural information.
• System Data: System data contains information about the SAP system itself, such as configuration settings and system-specific parameters.

9. What do you mean by Web Dynpro in SAP ABAP?

Answer: Web Dynpro is a framework in SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) that is used to develop web-based user interfaces for SAP applications. It allows developers to create interactive and user-friendly web applications that can be accessed through a web browser. Web Dynpro is part of the SAP NetWeaver technology stack and is primarily used for building web applications within the SAP ecosystem. Web Dynpro provides a model-based approach to building user interfaces, making it easier to design and maintain web applications. Developers define the structure and behavior of the user interface using metadata and annotations, which are stored separately from the actual code.

10. What are events in SAP ABAP reports?

Answer: In SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), events in reports refer to the different points in the execution of a report program where specific actions or operations can be triggered or performed. These events allow you to control the flow and behavior of your report program. Here are some common events in ABAP reports:

• Initialization Event
• Selection-Screen Event
• Start-of-Selection Event
• End-of-Selection Event
• Top-of-Page and End-of-Page Events
• End-of-File Event

11. What’s a value table?

Answer: In SAP’s Data Dictionary, a value table is a concept associated with a domain. A value table defines a set of valid values or a value range for a particular domain. It specifies the possible entries that a field associated with the domain can have, and it helps enforce data integrity by restricting the values that can be stored in that field.

12. What is the difference between a check table and a value table?

Answer:

Check Table:

1. Purpose: A check table is used to define valid values for a foreign key field in a database table. It establishes a referential integrity constraint.
2. Foreign Key Relationship: The foreign key field in the referencing table is linked to the primary key of the check table.
3. Enforcement of Integrity: Check tables primarily serve to enforce data integrity by preventing the storage of values in the foreign key.

Value Table:

1. Purpose: A value table is used to restrict the allowed values for a field associated with a specific domain.
2. Domain Association: Value tables are linked to domains, and domains are often associated with data elements that, in turn, are assigned to fields in database tables.
3. Validation of Data Entry: Value tables are used to validate data entry by providing a predefined list of valid values for a particular field.

13. What is the difference between PASS BY VALUE and PASS BY REFERENCE ?

Answer: These concepts are generally used for Function modules or Subroutines etc. and their meaning can be taken literally.

Say we are passing a variable lv_var:

CALL FUNCTION 'DEMO_FM'  
 EXPORTING    
 VAR  = lv_var.

• When we PASS lv_var by VALUE , the actual value of lv_var is copied into VAR.
• When we PASS lv_var by REFERENCE , the reference or the memory address of lv_var is passed to the Function module. So VAR and lv_var will refer to the same memory address and have the same value.

14. A system has two clients 100 and 500 on the same application server. If you make changes to a SAPSCRIPT on client 100, will the changes be available in client 500?

Answer: No, changes to an SAPscript in client 100 will not automatically be available in client 500. You need to transport those changes from client 100 to client 500 using the SAP Transport System to ensure that the updates are reflected in the target client.

15. Can you have a Smartform without a main window?

Answer: Yes, you can create a Smartform without a Main Window. But there is no need to do anything of such sort. Whenever you create a Smartform, a main window is created by default. I can't think of a situation , where you will have a situation in which it is mandatory for you to remove the Main Window.

16. What are pool tables?

Answer: In SAP, the term “pool tables” refers to tables that are grouped within a table pool. A table pool is a logical grouping of transparent tables that are related in terms of business logic or functionality. Tables within the same pool share common resources and are stored together, allowing for more efficient storage and access patterns.

17. What is Data Dictionary (DDIC) ?

Answer: Data Dictionary is –

• A central repository of all data objects used in SAP applications.
• A too to manage data objects, such as tables, views, data elements, domains, etc.

18. What is a delivery class in a database table?

Answer: The delivery class of a database table controls the transport of table data in

1. Installations
2. Upgrades
3. Client copies
4. Transports between customer systems

• Delivery class A and C are the most common. While creating a new custom table,
• A is used for master and transaction data table
• C is used for customizing table

19. What is a batch input session?

Answer: In this method transfer data from internal table to database table through sessions. Session is intermediate step between internal table & database table. Unless session is processed, the data is not transferred to the database table.

20. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

Answer:

• Define the Table Structure: Go to transaction code SE11, choose "Database Table," and enter a table name to define its fields, data types, and key fields.
• Maintain Technical Settings: Set the table's technical settings such as data class, size category, and buffering options to optimize performance.
• Activate the Table: Save and activate the table to generate the database object, making it available for use in the SAP system.

21. . What is Structure?

Answer: In the context of SAP’s Data Dictionary, a structure refers to a data object that is used to group several data elements under a single name. Structures are a way to organize and encapsulate related fields, and they are often used to represent a complex data format or a collection of related information.

22. What is Append Structure?

Answer: In SAP’s Data Dictionary, an append structure is a mechanism that allows you to add custom fields to existing standard tables or structures without modifying their original definition. This feature enables you to enhance the data model of SAP applications by extending standard tables with additional fields specific to your business require.

23.Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?

Answer: No, a transparent table in the SAP Data Dictionary must physically exist in the database; it is directly mapped to a database table. If it’s defined in the Data Dictionary, it should be present in the database as well.

24. What is Open SQL Vs Native SQL?

Answer: Here’s a comparison of Open SQL and Native SQL in SAP:

25. What is a drill down report?

Answer: A drill-down report starts with summarized data and allows users to click on data points to view more detailed information. It enables interactive exploration by expanding or drilling down into specific categories or items. This hierarchical approach helps users analyze data at various levels of granularity. For example, a sales report might start with total sales by region and allow users to drill down to sales by city and store. It enhances data analysis and insights by providing deeper views into the data.

The above questions are the list of the most asked interview questions for SAP ABAP, After solving the above questions you will feel confident to crack any interview.