Papers by Sotiris Voyadjis
7ο Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο Νεοελληνικής Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης, 23-38., Πρακτικά, 2024
The church of All Saints is located in the eastern part of the village of Ηimara in Albania. It b... more The church of All Saints is located in the eastern part of the village of Ηimara in Albania. It belongs to the type of three-aisled, timber-roofed basilica with a gallery and a shallow Holy Bema and has general dimensions of 15.40x30.70m and a maximum internal height of 9.50m. It is covered with a single tiled roof. It is built on a steeply sloping ground from north to east, with the result of different levels inside. The three aisles of the main church are defined by two arched colonnades of four plastered columns each. The central aisle roof is higher than the two side ones. On the west side there is a narthex gynaiconite of the same width as the church. Above the narthex there is a second floor that extends to the west, but also above the side aisles.
The central aisle roof that is four-pitched, rests on the arched colonnades, which divide the church. The other two sections that cover the side aisles are lean-to roofs resting on the longitudinal walls, structurally completely independent of the roof of the central aisle.
The walls are built of rubble stone plastered on the outside with a thin coat of plaster.
On the right capital of the south door is engraved a half-erased but legible inscription:
“1828 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ 10 ΧΗΜΑΡΡΑ”.
The three-aisled, timber-roofed basilicas with a raised central nave, and a single double pitched roof externally churches are typologically related to a type that appeared in Central and Western Macedonia during the 19th century and not to the neighboring region of Zagoria and Epirus in general. Similar churches but with a raised clerestory appeared in southern Albania some time before Agioi Pantes. This type has long been observed to have probably been formed in Thessaloniki at the beginning of the 19th century and perhaps a little earlier. It is characterized by the combination of the three-aisled, timber-roofed basilica with a clerestory, which originated from the Middle Byzantine and Early Christian examples, with elements developed in the Ottoman period, while there is no lack of Western influences.
3ο Διεθνές Συνέδριο Αρχαίας Ελληνικής και Βυζαντινής Τεχνολογίας, 2024
Το συγκρότημα της Παναγίας Καταπολιανής (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Παναγία και «Βαπτιστήριο») θεωρούνταν έω... more Το συγκρότημα της Παναγίας Καταπολιανής (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Παναγία και «Βαπτιστήριο») θεωρούνταν έως τώρα ότι ήταν κτίσμα της εποχής του Ιουστινιανού. Με βάση νεότερα δεδομένα από την ιστορία των Κυκλάδων και προσεκτικότερη παρατήρηση, υποστηρίχθηκε τελευταία από ομάδα μελετητών ότι είναι κτίσμα των αρχών του 8ου αιώνα, εποχή μεγάλης ακμής για την περιοχή μετά τις Αραβικές κατακτήσεις στη Μεσόγειο. Η οικοδομική αλληλουχία των τριών κτηρίων που το απαρτίζουν είναι πλέον σαφής και φαίνεται ότι κατασκευάστηκαν πάνω σε ερείπια παλαιότερων κτηρίων που πιθανόν καταστράφηκαν από την έκρηξη του ηφαιστείου της Σαντορίνης το 726-7. Πιθανότατα πρόκειται για εικονομαχικό ναό που κατασκευάστηκε με αυτοκρατορική χορηγία. Προηγήθηκε η κατασκευή του ισογείου του Αγίου Νικολάου ως τρίκλιτη βασιλική και ακολούθησε η σταυροειδής εγγεγραμμένη με τρούλλο ανωδομή του που συνδυάστηκε με την κατασκευή του συνόλου του ναού της Παναγίας. Ακολούθησε δε το λεγόμενο «Βαπτιστήριο» που πρόκειται κατά πάσαν πιθανότητα για ναό ή μαυσωλείο στο οποίο προστέθηκε αργότερα κρήνη ή περιραντήριο.
Κατά την κατασκευή εφαρμόστηκαν ορισμένες πρωτοποριακές οικοδομικές λύσεις, οι οποίες στη συνέχεια επαναλήφθηκαν και σε άλλες περιπτώσεις, ενώ άλλες δεν ξαναεμφανίστηκαν ποτέ στην ιστορία της αρχιτεκτονικής. Η μεικτή μορφή των επιστυλίων που στηρίζουν τα υπερώα και στα τρία κτήρια, με συνδυασμό ολόσωμων μαρμάρινων δοκών και κτιστών σταυροθολίων, η συστηματική τοποθέτηση αντηρίδων από καλλίτερα πελεκημένους λίθους σε καίρια σημεία για την ενίσχυση του μεγάλου ναού, η ανύψωση του τρούλλου πάνω σε (χαμηλό) τύμπανο, η τοποθέτηση βαθιά θεμελιωμένων κιόνων για να στηριχτεί το δάπεδο της Παναγίας, η στήριξη του τρούλου σε διασταυρούμενες καμάρες και τέλος η τολμηρή στήριξη σταυροειδούς εγγεγραμμένης ανωδομής πάνω σε τρίκλιτη βασιλική με μεγάλη επιτυχία, αποτελούν οικοδομικές εφαρμογές που χαρακτηρίζουν μια εποχή αναζητήσεων και αναστοχασμών. Και βέβαια σηματοδοτούν την ύπαρξη ενός προωθημένης σύλληψης αρχιτέκτονα, γεωμέτρη, μηχανοποιό, οποιονδήποτε τίτλο και αν έφερε.
Δελτιον ΧΑΕ περ Δ, ΜΔ, 45-76., 2023
Η μονή Ξηροποτάμου επλήγη κατά τον 20ό αιώνα από δύο καταστροφικές πυρκαγιές, το 1950 και το 1973... more Η μονή Ξηροποτάμου επλήγη κατά τον 20ό αιώνα από δύο καταστροφικές πυρκαγιές, το 1950 και το 1973. Το τμήμα που καταστράφηκε το 1973 καταλαμβάνει το ανατολικό τμήμα της νότιας και το νότιο τμήμα της ανατολικής πτέρυγας (ή κόρδας, στο ιδιόλεκτο του Αγίου Όρους). Είναι κατασκευασμένο σε τέσσερεις, τουλάχιστον, οικοδομικές φάσεις: η πρώτη χρονολογείται ανάμεσα στα 1527-1610, η δεύτερη το 1747, η τρίτη το 1837 και η τέταρτη το 1852. Η μορφή των κτηρίων αντανακλά τα ρεύματα της αρχιτεκτονικής των κοσμικών κτηρίων του Αγίου Όρους τον 18ο και τον 19ο αιώνα.
The monastery of Xeropotamou had affected, during the 20th century, by two catastrophic fires in 1950 and 1973. The fire-damaged part (1973) occupies the east part of the south and the south part of the eastern wing. It was built in four, at least, construction phases: the first can be dated between 1527 and 1610, the second in 1747, the third in 1837 and the fourth in1852. The appearance of the buildings reflects the architectural trends of the secular buildings of Mount Athos in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Εταιρεία Ερευνας και Προώθησης Επιστημονικής Αναστήλωσης των Μνημείων, 2023
St George Sykousis is a idiosyncratic monument located in the homonymous village of Chios, approx... more St George Sykousis is a idiosyncratic monument located in the homonymous village of Chios, approximately 10 km from Chora. It was built in at least two distinct phases, one in the 12th and one in the early 19th century. The first phase was a church belonging to the island domed octagon type, as many churches in Chios. At the beginning of the 19th century before 1815, major interventions were undertaken in the church in order to expand it. In summary, the western and northern walls of the Byzantine church were demolished, the latter from the level of the genesis of the dome conches to the ground without removing the superstructure, that is the drum of the dome. On the north side, a new side aisle, having a width of about 4m was built, while the church was also extended to the west with the construction of a wide central nave, covered with an arch of paraboloid cross-section. The new north aisle was covered with six low and slightly pointed cross vaults, which rest on the new north wall and five stone columns three of them also supporting the remains of the byzantine phase. These cross vaults end to the north in brick pilasters on the north wall. They have ribs and decorative plaster arches. The eastern cross-vault rests on the fifth column and surrounding walls rather than on the east pier, a left over from the byzantine phase. At the same time, in addition to the western wall, part of the drum of the dome was removed, on the western side, and supported with the last arch of the central aisle.
The project of fixing and restoring the church carried out by the Ministry of Culture. During the works removal of the cement plaster revealed that the five stone columns that carried the addition were irreversibly damaged. The preliminary domical study, by another study team, replacing all the columns with reinforced concrete ones was presented to Central Archaeological Council and approved.
Deltion CHAE, 2023
Panaghia Skripou is the well-known Boeotian monument securely dated in 873/4. In this paper obser... more Panaghia Skripou is the well-known Boeotian monument securely dated in 873/4. In this paper observations made in 2000-2001 during the extensive restoration works and parallel archaeological research that were undertaken after the 1995 fire which seriously damaged the building are presented. New findings, although do not alter the former perspective of the monument, light up several of its aspects. The structural arrangement of the building is examined and its vulnerability to the earthquakes that caused extensive damage in the past are also examined. Finally the exact form and position of its templon was revealed.
In 1535 Matrakçı Nasuh, the famous 16th c. Ottoman polymath, writer and knight passed through Kon... more In 1535 Matrakçı Nasuh, the famous 16th c. Ottoman polymath, writer and knight passed through Konya and depicted the city in his book ‘Beyân-i Menâzil-i Sefer-i Irakeyn-i Sultan Süleyman Han’. At the bottom of the page, in greater scale, Alaeddin Camii is drawn giving several information on its condition in the early 16th c.
Στ' Συμπόσιο Νεοελληνικής Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης, Πρακτικά, Αθήνα 2022, 37-52., 2023
41 SYMPOSIUM ON BYZANTINE AND POST-BYZANTINE ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART, PROGRAMME AND SUMMARIES OF MAJOR PAPERS AND COMMUNICATIONS, CHRISTIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 2022
The church of Parigoritissa in Arta is an emblematic monument of the Despotate of Epirus and its ... more The church of Parigoritissa in Arta is an emblematic monument of the Despotate of Epirus and its architectural type remains unicum in the history of Byzantine architecture. It is dedicated to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and was the katholikon of a large monastery complex, which in its current form dates to the end of the 13th century and is related to the Komnenodoukades family. Anastasios K. Orlandos dealt with the monument systematically in the 60’s, performing important restoration work. A new conservation study is being prepared, which gave us the opportunity to deal in depth with issues that had occasionally troubled researchers. Based on the new detailed electronic survey and exploratory soundings made inside and outside the church, several new facts have emerged about the building history of the monument. In this paper an attempt will be made to take a new approach to the following issues:
Investigation of the form of the initial construction phase, for the existence of which all the scholars agree.
Typology of the initial phase and the subsequent addition.
Investigation of the sequence of other, intermediate construction phases.
Systematic study of the construction details (wooden and metal tie beams, etc.).
Investigation of the original form and the external surfaces of the monument.
ΝΑΞΟΣ: ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΣΤ' ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΥ: "Η Νάξος διαμέσου των αιώνων" Δαμαριώνας Νάξου, 30/8-2/9/2018, 1111-1122., 2021
The Building Housing the Offices of the Paros-Naxos Metropolis in Naxos
This paper presents the d... more The Building Housing the Offices of the Paros-Naxos Metropolis in Naxos
This paper presents the description of the building and the study of its construction phases, as well as the proposals for restoration, as approved by the Ministry of Culture. The building that houses today the offices of the Metropolis of Paros-Naxos in Naxos is located in Chora next to the metropolitan Church in the area called Grotta. It has been declared a listed monument by the Ministry of Culture. The building, which has a total plan of 15x18m and a total height of about 10 meters, is surrounded by three sides of municipal roads, while to the east it has a mezzanine with another property. It is three-storey high but every floor is different in plan due to the inclination of the terrain and the particular building tradition of the Cyclades Islands. The basement houses the metropolis museum with an independent entrance to the north, the ground floor, which is entered from the wide courtyard, the offices of the metropolis and the first floor the metropolitan's residence.
The building is covered with horizontal roofs and whitewashed, as is customary in Naxos, hiding the different building phases. Its older part could be the one straddling the road to the south that could have been the lost castle “gate of the Greek metropolis”. According to a published contract a preexisting first core of the building was bought by the metropolitan Anthimos in 1744, probably the part housing today the kitchen. The building was extended later to the north, occupying the lower level of the site, an action probably linked with the construction of the nearby Metropolitan Cathedral in 1787. The building was again extended to the west probably during the last years of Ottoman rule, while some additions were made in the 20th century. A small addition
The building is in generally good condition, apart from minor humidity problems. However its internal layout was changed to serve better the needs of the Metropolis. On the top floor to the north few rooms were added and a semi-open space was created.
Αρμολόϊ. Χαριστήριο στον Αργύρη Π. Π. Πετρονώτη, ed. Π. Ανδρούδης _ Δ. Δρακούλης, Θεσσαλονίκη,, 2021
Η αρχιτεκτονική της Νότιας Κόρδας Ι. Μ. Μεγίστης Λαύρας
Πρόκειται για ένα απλό επίμηκες κτήριο γε... more Η αρχιτεκτονική της Νότιας Κόρδας Ι. Μ. Μεγίστης Λαύρας
Πρόκειται για ένα απλό επίμηκες κτήριο γενικών διαστάσεων 55Χ12μ διατεταγμένο με τον διαμήκη άξονά του από Ανατολή προς Δύση. Αποτελείται από ισόγειο και δυο ορόφους, ενώ στον πύργο υπάρχουν άλλοι δύο ακόμα όροφοι. Στην πτέρυγα αυτή υπάρχουν ενσωματωμένα δύο παρεκκλήσια, του Αγίου Βασιλείου και των Αγίων Πάντων. Στο τμήμα αυτό περιλαμβάνεται και κρήνη σε ανεξάρτητο κτίσμα που συνδυάζεται με το «προσφοριό» της μονής Αναλυτικά οι κύριες οικοδομικές φάσεις είναι:
α. 10ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κάστρου.
β. 1634. Κατασκευή της κρήνης με τη δεξαμενή της, αλλά όχι του προσφοριού που είναι μεταγενέστερο.
γ. 1669. Κατασκευή του παρεκκλησίου των Αγίων Πάντων σύμφωνα με την αντίστοιχη κτητορική του επιγραφή.
γ. 18ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κτηρίου της κόρδας το 1769 σύμφωνα με την κεραμοπλαστική επιγραφή της βόρειας όψης.
δ. 1874. Επισκευές και κατασκευή της πλακόστρωσης του ορόφου σύμφωνα με χρονολογία χαραγμένη σε μια από τις πλάκες.
Εκκλησίες στην Ελλάδα μετά την Άλωση, ed. Χ. Μπούρας, Κ. Ασλανίδης, Στ. Μαμαλούκος, 2021
The Church of the Assumption of Mother of God in Mikromani, Messenia is located in the middle of ... more The Church of the Assumption of Mother of God in Mikromani, Messenia is located in the middle of a fenced rural property within the limits of the village Mikromani of Thouria in Messenia and it is a dependency of Lavra monastery on Mount Athos. The church typologically belongs to a rare type named semi-complex cross-in-square cruciform with side choirs. This type is a rather rare variant of the complex cross-in-square type, in which the roofing of the side compartments and the holy bema is achieved by the lengthening the corresponding vaults. The different morphological details can date the church during the time of the second Venetian occupation (1682-1715). Also the older frescoes have been dated at the end of the 17th century. Therefore a dating of the church around the year 1700 is absolutely possible.
Πρακτικά Ε Επιστημονικού Συμποσίου Νεοελληνικής Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης (2017), Επιμέλεια Ι. Στουφή - Σ. Μαμαλούκος, Αθήνα 2020, σ. 35-50., 2020
Το Μοναστήρι βρίσκεται στον ορεινό όγκο της Πίνδου κοντά στο χωριό Μυρόφυλλο. Το Καθολικόν είναι ... more Το Μοναστήρι βρίσκεται στον ορεινό όγκο της Πίνδου κοντά στο χωριό Μυρόφυλλο. Το Καθολικόν είναι αφιερωμένο στον Αγιο Γεώργιο και κατασκευάστηκε το 1836, αγιογραφήθηκε δε το 1870. Τυπολογικά ο ναός ανήκει στον σπάνιο τύπο θολωτής βασιλικής με εγκάρσια σπείρα που επιχωριάζει στην Πίνδο με 12 παραδείγματα.
ΙΕΡΟΣ ΝΑΟΣ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΑΣ ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΠΥΛΙΑΝΗΣ ΠΑΡΟΥ 50 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΠΟΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟ ΟΡΛΑΝΔΟ, Πρακτικά Επιστημονικού Συνεδρίου, ed Ντ. Κωτσονοπούλου 127-141., 2019
In 1959 the complex of churches (Our Lady and St Nicholas) and Baptistery of Katapoliani was extr... more In 1959 the complex of churches (Our Lady and St Nicholas) and Baptistery of Katapoliani was extremely deformed by the continuous interventions over the centuries. It was entirely coated with thick plaster and repeatedly whitewashed. To address the serious structural problems, dating mostly in the 18th century after the earthquake of 1733, occasional interventions had been undertaken by local workshops. The large dome had lost the upper cover, the western antenna had collapsed and replaced with a newer one, based on massive piers constructed independently of the original columns of the church. The northern antenna vault had also been rebuilt with small stones as well as part of the north wall. All along the north side massive buttresses side had been built climbing to approximately six meters. The columns of the northern and western arm of the cross had tilted and external struts were used to prop them up. Finally the central pillars of the church had been encased in massive additions to strengthen them.
The entire western facade of the church had tilted externally by 70cm. A thick retaining wall had been constructed, which had incorporated older structures. On top of the west wall three belfries were built with characteristic Aegean forms. Generally most of the building openings were either fully or partially blocked in an attempt of empirical craftsmen to strengthen the load bearing ability of the building, which was severely damaged by time and earthquakes. Outside the apse massive masonry buttresses had been built. Also the building was submerged into the soil due to silting over the centuries, up to the lower level of the apse windows.
Chapel of St. Nicholas. This building suffered less. Apart from blocking of the openings and plastering both internally and externally its shape had not been altered.
Baptistery. The south aisle of the Baptistery had completely collapsed and on the ruins a chapel had been erected. All the windows of the dome apart from the north and the windows of the arch had been blocked. A separating wall had been built between the eastern end and the main area incorporating older constructions. In front of the "narthex" and in contact with it a two storey building had been constructed the upper floor of which was a chapel.
5th Conference ETEPAM, 2019
Ο ναός του Αγίου Ισιδώρου στη θέση «Λέτσαινα» της Χίου είναι από τα ελάχιστα υπολείμματα της πρωτ... more Ο ναός του Αγίου Ισιδώρου στη θέση «Λέτσαινα» της Χίου είναι από τα ελάχιστα υπολείμματα της πρωτοβυζαντινής πόλης, αφού η συνεχής παρουσία πληθυσμού ίδιες θέσεις και οι καταστροφικοί σεισμοί που έπληξαν το νησί στο παρελθόν έχουν εξαλείψει τα υπόλοιπα σημαντικά κτίρια της πόλης της Χίου των πρώτων χριστιανικών αιώνων. Παλαιότερα αποτελούσε το σημαντικότερο προσκύνημα του νησιού, καθώς ο άγιος Ισίδωρος και η αγία Μερόπη, μάρτυρες της εποχής του αυτοκράτορα Δεκίου στα μέσα του 3ου αι που φέρονται ότι είχαν ταφεί εδώ, ήταν προστάτες του νησιού, με πλήθος ομωνύμων ναών. Σήμερα στη θέση του προσκυνήματος υπάρχει σήμερα ένας μικρός και χαμηλός ναός που δεν επαρκεί για τις ανάγκες ούτε καν ενός ενοριακού ναού. Η θέση του κορυφαίου προσκυνήματος της παλαιοχριστιανικής Χίου βρίσκεται βορείως του Κάστρου, όχι μακριά από τη θάλασσα.
Το αρχικό μνημείο, του τύπου της τρίκλιτης βασιλικής, διατηρείται σε κατάσταση ερειπίου που αποκαλύφθηκε μετά από ανασκαφική έρευνα και στη θέση του κατασκευάστηκαν άλλοι ναοί σε διάφορες εποχές (τουλάχιστον πέντε επάλληλες φάσεις). Σήμερα, υπάρχει ένας μικρός και χαμηλός ναός που δεν επαρκεί για τις ανάγκες του προσκυνήματος. Η υπάρχουσα κατάσταση και όλες οι προτάσεις της μελέτης τεκμηριώθηκαν στατικά. Στην ανακοίνωση εμφανίζεται η πρόταση αποκατάστασης των ερειπίων και αναδόμησης της τελευταίας σημαντικής φάσης του μνημείου, με σκοπό την προστασία των υπολειμμάτων και την ασφαλή χρήση του ναού.
Deltion CHAE, 39
Since the construction of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, the dome became one of the most promine... more Since the construction of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, the dome became one of the most prominent features of the Orthodox churches. The domes carried by sixteen-faceted drums, a type with limited appearance are considered. To this group the churches influenced by St. Luke in Steiri belong, scattered throughout Greece, while it appears that some churches in Constantinople were also probably influenced by this important building. Churches with cylindrical drum with sixteen windows are examined separately.
Αθωνιάς Ακαδημία. 250 έτη από της ιδρύσεως. Πρακτικά Επιστημονικής Ημερίδας. Ιερά Μεγίστη Μονή Βατοπαιδίου, Αγιον Ορος 2018, 257-283, 2018
Gertrude L. Bell At the northern slope of the hillock of the Konya citadel there is the important... more Gertrude L. Bell At the northern slope of the hillock of the Konya citadel there is the important, and generally controversial building, commonly bearing the name of Alaeddin Mosque, on which we will comment. The building reached present day very disfigured by successive interventions. Being founded on unstable soil, at the northern slope of Alaeddin hill (Fig 1), it suffered series of damages either by earthquakes or by the shifting of the grounds, 3 Only one plan is available that every author has used, designed, probably by Aslanapa in the '70s, (Oktay Aslanapa, Turkish Art and Architecture, (New York, 1971), 108, plan 12) which does not even accurately depicts the present condition. The drawings presented here, which were based on an amended version of this plan and measurements taken with a hand held laser, cannot fill this gap. I would like to thank my colleague Georgia Makrynori, also an architect, for the execution of the drawings with the help of very limited information.
'Ηρως Κτίστης. Μνήμη Χαράλαμπου Μπούρα, τ. Ι, Αθήνα 2018, 77-88., 2018
Δ' Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο Νεοελληνικής Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης, Πρακτικά, 2017
ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΩΘΗΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΣΤΗΛΩΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΜΝΗΜΕΙΩΝ ( ΕΤΕΠΑΜ ) 4 ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Αναστηλώσεων , Πρακτικά Θεσσαλονίκη , 26,27,28 Νοεμβρίου, 2015
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Papers by Sotiris Voyadjis
The central aisle roof that is four-pitched, rests on the arched colonnades, which divide the church. The other two sections that cover the side aisles are lean-to roofs resting on the longitudinal walls, structurally completely independent of the roof of the central aisle.
The walls are built of rubble stone plastered on the outside with a thin coat of plaster.
On the right capital of the south door is engraved a half-erased but legible inscription:
“1828 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ 10 ΧΗΜΑΡΡΑ”.
The three-aisled, timber-roofed basilicas with a raised central nave, and a single double pitched roof externally churches are typologically related to a type that appeared in Central and Western Macedonia during the 19th century and not to the neighboring region of Zagoria and Epirus in general. Similar churches but with a raised clerestory appeared in southern Albania some time before Agioi Pantes. This type has long been observed to have probably been formed in Thessaloniki at the beginning of the 19th century and perhaps a little earlier. It is characterized by the combination of the three-aisled, timber-roofed basilica with a clerestory, which originated from the Middle Byzantine and Early Christian examples, with elements developed in the Ottoman period, while there is no lack of Western influences.
Κατά την κατασκευή εφαρμόστηκαν ορισμένες πρωτοποριακές οικοδομικές λύσεις, οι οποίες στη συνέχεια επαναλήφθηκαν και σε άλλες περιπτώσεις, ενώ άλλες δεν ξαναεμφανίστηκαν ποτέ στην ιστορία της αρχιτεκτονικής. Η μεικτή μορφή των επιστυλίων που στηρίζουν τα υπερώα και στα τρία κτήρια, με συνδυασμό ολόσωμων μαρμάρινων δοκών και κτιστών σταυροθολίων, η συστηματική τοποθέτηση αντηρίδων από καλλίτερα πελεκημένους λίθους σε καίρια σημεία για την ενίσχυση του μεγάλου ναού, η ανύψωση του τρούλλου πάνω σε (χαμηλό) τύμπανο, η τοποθέτηση βαθιά θεμελιωμένων κιόνων για να στηριχτεί το δάπεδο της Παναγίας, η στήριξη του τρούλου σε διασταυρούμενες καμάρες και τέλος η τολμηρή στήριξη σταυροειδούς εγγεγραμμένης ανωδομής πάνω σε τρίκλιτη βασιλική με μεγάλη επιτυχία, αποτελούν οικοδομικές εφαρμογές που χαρακτηρίζουν μια εποχή αναζητήσεων και αναστοχασμών. Και βέβαια σηματοδοτούν την ύπαρξη ενός προωθημένης σύλληψης αρχιτέκτονα, γεωμέτρη, μηχανοποιό, οποιονδήποτε τίτλο και αν έφερε.
The monastery of Xeropotamou had affected, during the 20th century, by two catastrophic fires in 1950 and 1973. The fire-damaged part (1973) occupies the east part of the south and the south part of the eastern wing. It was built in four, at least, construction phases: the first can be dated between 1527 and 1610, the second in 1747, the third in 1837 and the fourth in1852. The appearance of the buildings reflects the architectural trends of the secular buildings of Mount Athos in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The project of fixing and restoring the church carried out by the Ministry of Culture. During the works removal of the cement plaster revealed that the five stone columns that carried the addition were irreversibly damaged. The preliminary domical study, by another study team, replacing all the columns with reinforced concrete ones was presented to Central Archaeological Council and approved.
Investigation of the form of the initial construction phase, for the existence of which all the scholars agree.
Typology of the initial phase and the subsequent addition.
Investigation of the sequence of other, intermediate construction phases.
Systematic study of the construction details (wooden and metal tie beams, etc.).
Investigation of the original form and the external surfaces of the monument.
This paper presents the description of the building and the study of its construction phases, as well as the proposals for restoration, as approved by the Ministry of Culture. The building that houses today the offices of the Metropolis of Paros-Naxos in Naxos is located in Chora next to the metropolitan Church in the area called Grotta. It has been declared a listed monument by the Ministry of Culture. The building, which has a total plan of 15x18m and a total height of about 10 meters, is surrounded by three sides of municipal roads, while to the east it has a mezzanine with another property. It is three-storey high but every floor is different in plan due to the inclination of the terrain and the particular building tradition of the Cyclades Islands. The basement houses the metropolis museum with an independent entrance to the north, the ground floor, which is entered from the wide courtyard, the offices of the metropolis and the first floor the metropolitan's residence.
The building is covered with horizontal roofs and whitewashed, as is customary in Naxos, hiding the different building phases. Its older part could be the one straddling the road to the south that could have been the lost castle “gate of the Greek metropolis”. According to a published contract a preexisting first core of the building was bought by the metropolitan Anthimos in 1744, probably the part housing today the kitchen. The building was extended later to the north, occupying the lower level of the site, an action probably linked with the construction of the nearby Metropolitan Cathedral in 1787. The building was again extended to the west probably during the last years of Ottoman rule, while some additions were made in the 20th century. A small addition
The building is in generally good condition, apart from minor humidity problems. However its internal layout was changed to serve better the needs of the Metropolis. On the top floor to the north few rooms were added and a semi-open space was created.
Πρόκειται για ένα απλό επίμηκες κτήριο γενικών διαστάσεων 55Χ12μ διατεταγμένο με τον διαμήκη άξονά του από Ανατολή προς Δύση. Αποτελείται από ισόγειο και δυο ορόφους, ενώ στον πύργο υπάρχουν άλλοι δύο ακόμα όροφοι. Στην πτέρυγα αυτή υπάρχουν ενσωματωμένα δύο παρεκκλήσια, του Αγίου Βασιλείου και των Αγίων Πάντων. Στο τμήμα αυτό περιλαμβάνεται και κρήνη σε ανεξάρτητο κτίσμα που συνδυάζεται με το «προσφοριό» της μονής Αναλυτικά οι κύριες οικοδομικές φάσεις είναι:
α. 10ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κάστρου.
β. 1634. Κατασκευή της κρήνης με τη δεξαμενή της, αλλά όχι του προσφοριού που είναι μεταγενέστερο.
γ. 1669. Κατασκευή του παρεκκλησίου των Αγίων Πάντων σύμφωνα με την αντίστοιχη κτητορική του επιγραφή.
γ. 18ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κτηρίου της κόρδας το 1769 σύμφωνα με την κεραμοπλαστική επιγραφή της βόρειας όψης.
δ. 1874. Επισκευές και κατασκευή της πλακόστρωσης του ορόφου σύμφωνα με χρονολογία χαραγμένη σε μια από τις πλάκες.
The entire western facade of the church had tilted externally by 70cm. A thick retaining wall had been constructed, which had incorporated older structures. On top of the west wall three belfries were built with characteristic Aegean forms. Generally most of the building openings were either fully or partially blocked in an attempt of empirical craftsmen to strengthen the load bearing ability of the building, which was severely damaged by time and earthquakes. Outside the apse massive masonry buttresses had been built. Also the building was submerged into the soil due to silting over the centuries, up to the lower level of the apse windows.
Chapel of St. Nicholas. This building suffered less. Apart from blocking of the openings and plastering both internally and externally its shape had not been altered.
Baptistery. The south aisle of the Baptistery had completely collapsed and on the ruins a chapel had been erected. All the windows of the dome apart from the north and the windows of the arch had been blocked. A separating wall had been built between the eastern end and the main area incorporating older constructions. In front of the "narthex" and in contact with it a two storey building had been constructed the upper floor of which was a chapel.
Το αρχικό μνημείο, του τύπου της τρίκλιτης βασιλικής, διατηρείται σε κατάσταση ερειπίου που αποκαλύφθηκε μετά από ανασκαφική έρευνα και στη θέση του κατασκευάστηκαν άλλοι ναοί σε διάφορες εποχές (τουλάχιστον πέντε επάλληλες φάσεις). Σήμερα, υπάρχει ένας μικρός και χαμηλός ναός που δεν επαρκεί για τις ανάγκες του προσκυνήματος. Η υπάρχουσα κατάσταση και όλες οι προτάσεις της μελέτης τεκμηριώθηκαν στατικά. Στην ανακοίνωση εμφανίζεται η πρόταση αποκατάστασης των ερειπίων και αναδόμησης της τελευταίας σημαντικής φάσης του μνημείου, με σκοπό την προστασία των υπολειμμάτων και την ασφαλή χρήση του ναού.
The central aisle roof that is four-pitched, rests on the arched colonnades, which divide the church. The other two sections that cover the side aisles are lean-to roofs resting on the longitudinal walls, structurally completely independent of the roof of the central aisle.
The walls are built of rubble stone plastered on the outside with a thin coat of plaster.
On the right capital of the south door is engraved a half-erased but legible inscription:
“1828 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ 10 ΧΗΜΑΡΡΑ”.
The three-aisled, timber-roofed basilicas with a raised central nave, and a single double pitched roof externally churches are typologically related to a type that appeared in Central and Western Macedonia during the 19th century and not to the neighboring region of Zagoria and Epirus in general. Similar churches but with a raised clerestory appeared in southern Albania some time before Agioi Pantes. This type has long been observed to have probably been formed in Thessaloniki at the beginning of the 19th century and perhaps a little earlier. It is characterized by the combination of the three-aisled, timber-roofed basilica with a clerestory, which originated from the Middle Byzantine and Early Christian examples, with elements developed in the Ottoman period, while there is no lack of Western influences.
Κατά την κατασκευή εφαρμόστηκαν ορισμένες πρωτοποριακές οικοδομικές λύσεις, οι οποίες στη συνέχεια επαναλήφθηκαν και σε άλλες περιπτώσεις, ενώ άλλες δεν ξαναεμφανίστηκαν ποτέ στην ιστορία της αρχιτεκτονικής. Η μεικτή μορφή των επιστυλίων που στηρίζουν τα υπερώα και στα τρία κτήρια, με συνδυασμό ολόσωμων μαρμάρινων δοκών και κτιστών σταυροθολίων, η συστηματική τοποθέτηση αντηρίδων από καλλίτερα πελεκημένους λίθους σε καίρια σημεία για την ενίσχυση του μεγάλου ναού, η ανύψωση του τρούλλου πάνω σε (χαμηλό) τύμπανο, η τοποθέτηση βαθιά θεμελιωμένων κιόνων για να στηριχτεί το δάπεδο της Παναγίας, η στήριξη του τρούλου σε διασταυρούμενες καμάρες και τέλος η τολμηρή στήριξη σταυροειδούς εγγεγραμμένης ανωδομής πάνω σε τρίκλιτη βασιλική με μεγάλη επιτυχία, αποτελούν οικοδομικές εφαρμογές που χαρακτηρίζουν μια εποχή αναζητήσεων και αναστοχασμών. Και βέβαια σηματοδοτούν την ύπαρξη ενός προωθημένης σύλληψης αρχιτέκτονα, γεωμέτρη, μηχανοποιό, οποιονδήποτε τίτλο και αν έφερε.
The monastery of Xeropotamou had affected, during the 20th century, by two catastrophic fires in 1950 and 1973. The fire-damaged part (1973) occupies the east part of the south and the south part of the eastern wing. It was built in four, at least, construction phases: the first can be dated between 1527 and 1610, the second in 1747, the third in 1837 and the fourth in1852. The appearance of the buildings reflects the architectural trends of the secular buildings of Mount Athos in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The project of fixing and restoring the church carried out by the Ministry of Culture. During the works removal of the cement plaster revealed that the five stone columns that carried the addition were irreversibly damaged. The preliminary domical study, by another study team, replacing all the columns with reinforced concrete ones was presented to Central Archaeological Council and approved.
Investigation of the form of the initial construction phase, for the existence of which all the scholars agree.
Typology of the initial phase and the subsequent addition.
Investigation of the sequence of other, intermediate construction phases.
Systematic study of the construction details (wooden and metal tie beams, etc.).
Investigation of the original form and the external surfaces of the monument.
This paper presents the description of the building and the study of its construction phases, as well as the proposals for restoration, as approved by the Ministry of Culture. The building that houses today the offices of the Metropolis of Paros-Naxos in Naxos is located in Chora next to the metropolitan Church in the area called Grotta. It has been declared a listed monument by the Ministry of Culture. The building, which has a total plan of 15x18m and a total height of about 10 meters, is surrounded by three sides of municipal roads, while to the east it has a mezzanine with another property. It is three-storey high but every floor is different in plan due to the inclination of the terrain and the particular building tradition of the Cyclades Islands. The basement houses the metropolis museum with an independent entrance to the north, the ground floor, which is entered from the wide courtyard, the offices of the metropolis and the first floor the metropolitan's residence.
The building is covered with horizontal roofs and whitewashed, as is customary in Naxos, hiding the different building phases. Its older part could be the one straddling the road to the south that could have been the lost castle “gate of the Greek metropolis”. According to a published contract a preexisting first core of the building was bought by the metropolitan Anthimos in 1744, probably the part housing today the kitchen. The building was extended later to the north, occupying the lower level of the site, an action probably linked with the construction of the nearby Metropolitan Cathedral in 1787. The building was again extended to the west probably during the last years of Ottoman rule, while some additions were made in the 20th century. A small addition
The building is in generally good condition, apart from minor humidity problems. However its internal layout was changed to serve better the needs of the Metropolis. On the top floor to the north few rooms were added and a semi-open space was created.
Πρόκειται για ένα απλό επίμηκες κτήριο γενικών διαστάσεων 55Χ12μ διατεταγμένο με τον διαμήκη άξονά του από Ανατολή προς Δύση. Αποτελείται από ισόγειο και δυο ορόφους, ενώ στον πύργο υπάρχουν άλλοι δύο ακόμα όροφοι. Στην πτέρυγα αυτή υπάρχουν ενσωματωμένα δύο παρεκκλήσια, του Αγίου Βασιλείου και των Αγίων Πάντων. Στο τμήμα αυτό περιλαμβάνεται και κρήνη σε ανεξάρτητο κτίσμα που συνδυάζεται με το «προσφοριό» της μονής Αναλυτικά οι κύριες οικοδομικές φάσεις είναι:
α. 10ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κάστρου.
β. 1634. Κατασκευή της κρήνης με τη δεξαμενή της, αλλά όχι του προσφοριού που είναι μεταγενέστερο.
γ. 1669. Κατασκευή του παρεκκλησίου των Αγίων Πάντων σύμφωνα με την αντίστοιχη κτητορική του επιγραφή.
γ. 18ος αιώνας. Κατασκευή του κτηρίου της κόρδας το 1769 σύμφωνα με την κεραμοπλαστική επιγραφή της βόρειας όψης.
δ. 1874. Επισκευές και κατασκευή της πλακόστρωσης του ορόφου σύμφωνα με χρονολογία χαραγμένη σε μια από τις πλάκες.
The entire western facade of the church had tilted externally by 70cm. A thick retaining wall had been constructed, which had incorporated older structures. On top of the west wall three belfries were built with characteristic Aegean forms. Generally most of the building openings were either fully or partially blocked in an attempt of empirical craftsmen to strengthen the load bearing ability of the building, which was severely damaged by time and earthquakes. Outside the apse massive masonry buttresses had been built. Also the building was submerged into the soil due to silting over the centuries, up to the lower level of the apse windows.
Chapel of St. Nicholas. This building suffered less. Apart from blocking of the openings and plastering both internally and externally its shape had not been altered.
Baptistery. The south aisle of the Baptistery had completely collapsed and on the ruins a chapel had been erected. All the windows of the dome apart from the north and the windows of the arch had been blocked. A separating wall had been built between the eastern end and the main area incorporating older constructions. In front of the "narthex" and in contact with it a two storey building had been constructed the upper floor of which was a chapel.
Το αρχικό μνημείο, του τύπου της τρίκλιτης βασιλικής, διατηρείται σε κατάσταση ερειπίου που αποκαλύφθηκε μετά από ανασκαφική έρευνα και στη θέση του κατασκευάστηκαν άλλοι ναοί σε διάφορες εποχές (τουλάχιστον πέντε επάλληλες φάσεις). Σήμερα, υπάρχει ένας μικρός και χαμηλός ναός που δεν επαρκεί για τις ανάγκες του προσκυνήματος. Η υπάρχουσα κατάσταση και όλες οι προτάσεις της μελέτης τεκμηριώθηκαν στατικά. Στην ανακοίνωση εμφανίζεται η πρόταση αποκατάστασης των ερειπίων και αναδόμησης της τελευταίας σημαντικής φάσης του μνημείου, με σκοπό την προστασία των υπολειμμάτων και την ασφαλή χρήση του ναού.
We are delighted to share with you our initiative for an international conference devoted to Italian artworks, secular and ecclesiastical, of 14th-16th c. in the Greek East, to be held virtually via Zoom in 24-26 November 2023. A hybrid version of the Conference will be hosted by the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Postbyzantine Studies in Venice (Istituto Ellenico di Studi Bizantini e Postbizantini di Venezia).
This scholarly meeting seeks to illuminate not only the presence of Italians, but also the amassment of Italian works in the Greek East, as a result of the new realities following the Fourth Crusade, the establishment of various Latin dominions and the development of an intensive network of trade relations. Our conference does not aim at exhausting the subject, but would like to offer an interdisciplinary forum for papers that touch upon the following aspects:
Venetian domination in Greece
Genoese domination in NE Aegean
Italian rulers in Epirus and the Ionian islands
Italian traders in the East
Venetian and Ottoman Art: osmosis and interaction
Venetian and Byzantine Art: osmosis and interaction
Late Gothic and Early Renaissance Italian sculpture
Venetian and Genoese Heraldry
Italian woodwork
Italian painting
Objects of everyday life
Metal artifacts from West and East
Maiolica and other Italian ceramics
Venetian glass
Italian Textiles
Italian Costumes
Donors and their ideology as reflected on the patronage of artworks
The Proceedings of the Conference will be published by the Hellenic Institute of Venice.
The organizing Committee:
Michela AGAZZI, Professor of Medieval Art, Università Ca’Foscari, Venezia, Dipartimento i Filosofia e Beni Culturali
Paschalis ANDROUDIS, Assistant Professor in Byzantine Art and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Vasileios KOUKOUSAS, Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki – Director of the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Postbyzantine Studies in Venice
Silvia PEDONE, Dr, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma
- Single (free)- standing towers
- Monastic Towers
- Towers in maritime forts, harbors and arsenals
- Towers in Palaces
- Donjons
- Towers with gates
- Byzantine Towers in Asia Minor (Anatolia)
- Towers of the Frankish, Venetian and Genoese rulers
- Towers of the Order of St. John
- Genoese Towers in Turkey
- Seljuk Towers
- Ottoman Towers
- Post-Byzantine Towers
- Towers with canons
- Tower Houses of the Byzantine, Frankish, Venetian and
early Ottoman Period
- Inscriptions on Towers
- Heraldry in Towers
- Buttressed Towers