Pavel Klimov

Eriophyoid, or four-legged mites, represent a large and ancient radiation of exclusively phytopha... more Eriophyoid, or four-legged mites, represent a large and ancient radiation of exclusively phytophagous organisms known from the Triassic (230 Mya). Hypothesizing phylogenetic relatedness of Eriophyoidea among mites is a major challenge due to the absence of unambiguous morphological synapomorphies, resulting in ten published hypotheses placing eriophyoids in various places in the acariform tree of life. Here we test the evolutionary relationships of eriophyoids using six genes and a representative taxonomic sampling of acariform mites. The total evidence analysis places eriophyoids as the sister group of the deep soil-dwelling, vermiform family Nematalycidae (Endeostigmata). This arrangement was supported by the rDNA and CO1 partitions. In contrast, the nuclear protein partition (genes EF1-α, SRP54, HSP70) suggests that Eriophyoidea is sister to a lineage including Tydeidae, Ereynetidae, and Eupodidae (Eupodina: Trombidiformes). On both of these alternative topologies, eriophyoids ap...

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Origin and higher-level diversification of acariform mites – evidence from nuclear ribosomal genes, extensive taxon sampling, and secondary structure alignment

BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2015

Background Acariformes is the most species-rich and morphologically diverse radiation of chelicer... more Background Acariformes is the most species-rich and morphologically diverse radiation of chelicerate arthropods, known from the oldest terrestrial ecosystems. It is also a key lineage in understanding the evolution of this group, with the most vexing question whether mites, or Acari (Parasitiformes and Acariformes) is monophyletic. Previous molecular studies recovered Acari either as monophyletic or non-monophyletic, albeit with a limited taxon sampling. Similarly, relationships between basal acariform groups (include little-known, deep-soil 'endeostigmatan' mites) and major lineages of Acariformes (Sarcoptiformes, Prostigmata) are virtually unknown. We infer phylogeny of chelicerate arthropods, using a large and representative dataset, comprising all main in- and outgroups (228 taxa). Basal diversity of Acariformes is particularly well sampled. With this dataset, we conduct a series of phylogenetically explicit tests of chelicerate and acariform relationships and present a ...

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Whole genomic sequencing and sex-dependent abundance estimation of Cardinium sp., a common and hyperabundant bacterial endosymbiont of the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Cox1 barcoding versus multilocus species delimitation: validation of two mite species with contrasting effective population sizes

Parasites & Vectors

Background: The cox1-barcoding approach is currently extensively used for high-throughput species... more Background: The cox1-barcoding approach is currently extensively used for high-throughput species delimitation and discovery. However, this method has several limitations, particularly when organisms have large effective population sizes. Paradoxically, most common, abundant, and widely distributed species may be misclassified by this technique. Results: We conducted species delimitation analyses for two host-specific lineages of scab mites of the genus Caparinia, having small population sizes. Cox1 divergence between these lineages was high (7.4-7.8%) while that of nuclear genes was low (0.06-0.53%). This system was contrasted with the medically important American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, a globally distributed species with very large population size. This species has two distinct, sympatric cox1 lineages with 4.2% divergence. We tested several species delimitation algorithms PTP, GMYC, ABGD, BPP, STACEY and PHRAPL, which inferred different species boundaries for these entities. Notably, STACEY recovered the Caparinia lineages as two species and D. farinae as a single species. BPP agreed with these results when the prior on ancestral effective population sizes was set to expected values, although delimitation of Caparinia was still equivocal. No other cox1 species delimitation algorithms inferred D. farinae as a single species, despite the fact that the nuclear CPW2 gene shows some evidence for introgression between the cox1 groups. This indicates that the cox1-barcoding approach may result in excessive species splitting. Conclusions: Our research highlights the importance of using nuclear genes and demographic characteristics to infer species boundaries rather than relying on a single-gene barcoding approach, particularly for putative species having large effective population sizes.

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Proteogenomics of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae: Allergen repertoire, accurate allergen identification, isoforms, and sex-biased proteome differences

Journal of Proteomics

Two new species of fossil Paratydeidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from the late Eocene amber highlight ultraslow morphological evolution in a soil-inhabiting arthropod lineage

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

Dynamics of the microbial community during growth of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae in culture

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

The variation in house dust mite microbial communities is important because various microorganism... more The variation in house dust mite microbial communities is important because various microorganisms modulate the production of allergens by their mite hosts and/or contaminate immunotherapeutic extracts. Temporal changes in mite microbiomes and the mite culture environment occurring at different stages of mite culture development are particularly understudied in this system. Here, we analyzed the dynamics of microbial communities during the culture growth of Dermatophagoides farinae. Changes in microbiomes were related to three key variables: the mite population density, microbial microcosm respiration, and concentration of guanine (the mite nitrogenous waste metabolite). Mite populations exhibited the following phases: exponential growth, plateau, and exponential decline. The intracellular bacterium Cardinium and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevailed in the internal mite microbiomes, and the bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum was prevalent in the mite diet. The reduction in th...

<p class="Body">Two new phyllocoptine species and new records of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae) from Crimea, with evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the new taxa using GenBank data

Systematic and Applied Acarology

We describe two new species and report new occurrences for six species of eriophyid mites (Erioph... more We describe two new species and report new occurrences for six species of eriophyid mites (Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae) in Crimea: Abacarus denticulifer n. sp. from Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (Poaceae), Aceria aculiformis Sukhareva 1986 from Melica ciliata L. (Poaceae), Aceria peucedani (Canestrini 1891) from Seseli tortuosum L. (Apiaceae), Anthocoptes recki (Bagdasarian 1972) n. comb. (from Tegonotus) from Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) (Anacardiaceae), Epitrimerus inulae Farkas 1963 from Inula germanica L. (Asteraceae), Phyllocoptes sanctus n. sp. from Potentilla recta subsp. obscura (Willd.) (Rosaceae), Phyllocoptes bilobospinosus Chetverikov 2019 (in Chetverikov et al. 2019) from Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae), Tegoprionus dentatus (Nalepa 1891) from Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae). For an Indian phyllocoptine mite species associated with Apluda mutica L. (Poaceae), a new combination was proposed: Abacarus muticus (Sur…

Differential allergen expression in three Tyrophagus putrescentiae strains inhabited by distinct microbiome

Allergy

<p class="Body">The description and molecular phylogenetic position of a new conifer-associated mite, Setoptus tsugivagus n. sp. (Eriophyoidea, Phytoptidae, Nalepellinae)<p align="center"><br />

Systematic and Applied Acarology

A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species, Setoptus tsugivagus n. sp. Chetverikov (Eriophyoidea, Phyt... more A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species, Setoptus tsugivagus n. sp. Chetverikov (Eriophyoidea, Phytoptidae, Nalepellinae, Nalepellini), is described from the needles of the western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque) Sargent (Pinaceae) in Vancouver, Canada. The new species can be distinguished from all other members of Setoptus by a distinct pattern of several short longitudinal ridges on the posterior half of the prodorsal shield. Elements of the anal secretory apparatus (ASA) were observed in adults of S. tsugivagus n. sp., suggesting that the ASA is present in both major phylogenetic lineages of Eriophyoidea (Eriophyidae s. l. and Phytoptidae s. l.). Therefore, this structure could be a synapomorphy for all Eriophyoidea. We briefly discuss the function and morphological variety of the ASA in Eriophyoidea. D2 28S rDNA sequences of four nalepelline species were obtained: Boczekella reticulata Bagnyuk 1987 (GenBank accession number MK124605), Nalepella tsugifoliae Keifer 1953 (MK...

Population and Culture Age Influence the Microbiome Profiles of House Dust Mites

Microbial Ecology

A new synonymy, CO1 barcode, and host and distribution records of the mite Podapolipus luzoni (Acari: Podapolipidae), a subelytral parasite of the invasive beetle, Gonocephalum adpressiforme (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

International Journal of Acarology

Two Populations of Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Differ in Response to Feeding on Feces-Containing Diets

Frontiers in Microbiology

Background: Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a ubiquitous mite species in soil, stored products and ho... more Background: Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a ubiquitous mite species in soil, stored products and house dust and infests food and causes allergies in people. T. putrescentiae populations harbor different bacterial communities, including intracellular symbionts and gut bacteria. The spread of microorganisms via the fecal pellets of T. putrescentiae is a possibility that has not been studied in detail but may be an important means by which gut bacteria colonize subsequent generations of mites. Feces in soil may be a vector for the spread of microorganisms. Methods: Extracts from used mite culture medium (i.e., residual food, mite feces, and dead mite bodies) were used as a source of feces-inhabiting microorganisms as food for the mites. Two T. putrescentiae populations (L and P) were used for experiments, and they hosted the intracellular bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia, respectively. The effects of the fecal fraction on respiration in a mite microcosm, mite nutrient contents, population growth and microbiome composition were evaluated. Results: Feces from the P population comprised more than 90% Bartonella-like sequences. Feces from the L population feces hosted Staphylococcus, Virgibacillus, Brevibacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacillus. The mites from the P population, but not the L population, exhibited increased bacterial respiration in the microcosms in comparison to no-mite controls. Both Land P-feces extracts had an inhibitory effect on the respiration of the microcosms, indicating antagonistic interactions within fecesassociated bacteria. The mite microbiomes were resistant to the acquisition of new bacterial species from the feces, but their bacterial profiles were affected. Feeding of P mites on P-feces-enriched diets resulted in an increase in Bartonella abundance from

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Investigating species boundaries using DNA and morphology in the mite Tyrophagus curvipenis (Acari: Acaridae), an emerging invasive pest, with a molecular phylogeny of the genus Tyrophagus

Experimental & applied acarology, 2018

Mites of the genus Tyrophagus (Acari: Acaridae) are among the most widespread and common mites, i... more Mites of the genus Tyrophagus (Acari: Acaridae) are among the most widespread and common mites, inhabiting diverse natural and anthropogenic habitats. Some species are pests of agricultural products and stored food and/or live in house dust, causing allergies to humans. We sequenced 1.2 kb of the mitochondrial COI gene for 38 individuals belonging to seven species of Tyrophagus, including T. curvipenis, T. putrescentiae, T. fanetzhangorum, T. longior, T. perniciosus, and T. cf. similis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses (1) recovered two major clades corresponding to the presence or absence of eyespots, and (2) separated all included morphological species. Tyrophagus curvipenis and T. putrescentiae had the lowest between-species genetic distances (range, mean ± SD): 14.20-16.30, 15.17 ± 0.40 (K2P). The highest within-species variation was found in T. putrescentiae 0.00-4.33, 1.78 ± 1.44 (K2P). In this species, we recovered two distinct groups; however, no geographical or ecological di...

Bee Mite ID - an online resource on identification of mites associated with bees of the World

Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan

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Case 3501Acarus putrescentiaeSchrank, 1781 (currentlyTyrophagus putrescentiae; Acariformes, acaridae): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a replacement neotype

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Detecting ancient codispersals and host shifts by double dating of host and parasite phylogenies: Application in proctophyllodid feather mites associated with passerine birds

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, Oct 22, 2017

Inferring cophylogeographic events requires matching the timing of these events on both host and ... more Inferring cophylogeographic events requires matching the timing of these events on both host and symbiont (e.g., parasites) phylogenies because divergences of hosts and their symbionts may not temporally coincide, and host switches may occur. We investigate a large radiation of birds (Passeriformes) and their permanent symbionts, the proctophyllodid feather mites (117 species from 116 bird species; six genes, 11,468 nt aligned) using two time-calibration strategies for mites: fossils only and host phylogeography only. Out of 10 putative cophylogeographic events 4 agree in timing for both symbiont and host events being synchronous co-origins or codispersals; three were based on host shifts, but agree in timing being very close to the origin of modern hosts; two disagree; and one large basal mite split was seemingly independent from host phylogeography. Among these events was an ancient (21-25.3 Mya), synchronous codispersal from the Old World leading to the origin and diversification...

Two new genera of pyroglyphid mites, Tuccioglyphus and Marioglyphus, with a key to genera of the World (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

Zootaxa, 2017

We describe Tuccioglyphus setosus gen. et sp. nov. from the litter of commercially reared laying ... more We describe Tuccioglyphus setosus gen. et sp. nov. from the litter of commercially reared laying hens as well as wild birds in Brazil. The new genus Tuccioglyphus presents a mixture of character states between the two conventional subfamilies, Pyroglyphinae and Dermatophagoidinae. Based on this new unusual genus, we discuss character states delimiting these and other major subfamilies of the house dust mite family, Pyroglyphidae, as well as its most important and species-rich genus Dermatophagoides. An additional new genus, Marioglyphus gen. n., is proposed for Hughesiella valerioi Vargas and Smiley. Both Tuccioglyphus and Marioglyphus are related to the genus Hughesiella. A key to pyroglyphid genera of the World is presented.

Populations of Stored Product Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Differ in Their Bacterial Communities

Frontiers in microbiology, 2016

Tyrophagus putrescentiae colonizes different human-related habitats and feeds on various post-har... more Tyrophagus putrescentiae colonizes different human-related habitats and feeds on various post-harvest foods. The microbiota acquired by these mites can influence the nutritional plasticity in different populations. We compared the bacterial communities of five populations of T. putrescentiae and one mixed population of T. putrescentiae and T. fanetzhangorum collected from different habitats. The bacterial communities of the six mite populations from different habitats and diets were compared by Sanger sequencing of cloned 16S rRNA obtained from amplification with universal eubacterial primers and using bacterial taxon-specific primers on the samples of adults/juveniles or eggs. Microscopic techniques were used to localize bacteria in food boli and mite bodies. The morphological determination of the mite populations was confirmed by analyses of CO1 and ITS fragment genes. The following symbiotic bacteria were found in compared mite populations: Wolbachia (two populations), Cardinium ...

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