Mohamed Mazen

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University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology

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North Carolina State University

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Papers by Mohamed Mazen

Evaluation of Tomato Cultivars against Early Leaf Blight (Alternaria solani) in net greenhouse Qatar

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE

The current study was conducted at the Alutouriya research station under the Agriculture Research... more The current study was conducted at the Alutouriya research station under the Agriculture Research Department in the Ministry of Municipality, Qatar, during the years 2020–2021, and 2021–2022, to test the response of various tomato cultivars against early blight. Early blight is the most devastating fungal disease of tomatoes, caused by Alternaria solani. It is one of the most common foliar diseases in tomatoes. The disease can occur in a wide range of climatic conditions but is most prominent in areas with moderate temperatures and high relative humidity. In this study, ten tomato cultivars were evaluated for highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), and susceptible (S) reactions under natural net greenhouse conditions. Alternaria solani produces oblivious green, gray, and brown-to-black colonies when grown on PDA medium. Assessments on the mean percent disease index and severity grade of symptoms were recorded for each cultivar. O...

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Morphological and genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from different vegetable crops in Qatar

QScience Proceedings, 2016

The soil borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogen of many plants and causes severe damage in... more The soil borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogen of many plants and causes severe damage in crops around the world. It primarily attacks below ground plant parts such as the seeds, hypocotyls, and roots, also capable to infect above ground plant parts (e.g. pods, fruits, leaves and stems). The most common symptom of Rhizoctonia disease is referred as “damping-off” characterized by non-germination of severely infected seed whereas infected seedlings can be killed either before or after they emerge from the soil. The study of the diversity of the isolates of R. solani in Qatar allows the structure of the populations to be determined and adapte control strategies against this pathogen to be established. R. solani attack many crops leading to great yield losses and to the downgrading of production. Six isolates of Rhizoctonia solani (R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12) were obtained from different plant types (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, common bean and broad bean) and different locations in Qatar representing major agro ecological zones like Al-Shamal, Rod Rasheed, Shahnia and Omsalaal. They were cultured in 3 different media (water agar, corn meal agar and potato dextrose agar), there were no significant differences among isolates on water agar and corn meal agar whereas all isolates showed different characteristics on the potato dextrose agar i.e. color of the mycelium, density of the mycelium and sclerotia formation. The microscopic examination of the isolates was done. The angle of the mycelium (right angle or acute angle) was recorded. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS region) of the rRNA was amplified using the universal ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers that anneal to the flanking 18S and 28S rRNA gene Direct sequencing of the amplification products was carried out in both directions using the universal ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers. Comparison of partial rRNA ITS nucleotide sequence of all isolates showed 91% sequence homology between R8 and R10, 73% similarity between R7 and R11, R9 showed 63% homology between the other two subgroups, meanwhile isolate R12 showed 36% similarity with all other isolates. Molecular markers are important tools for the characterization of genetic diversity in fungal pathogens where morphological features are either absent or not sufficient to allow intraspecific characterization.

Evaluation of Some Faba Bean Genotypes against Chocolate Spot Disease Using cDNA Fragments of Chitinase Gene and Some Traditional Methods

Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012

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Effect of Intercropping Soybean and Maize on Soybean Damping-Off Disease and Relevant Effect on the Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Antagonistic Microbes

The total numbers of actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria were lower in the single crop system of so... more The total numbers of actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria were lower in the single crop system of soybean or maize at Sakha and Itay El-Baroud Agriculture Research Stations. The most antagonistic microorganisms were selected and identified as Trichderma viride; Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces sp. High numbers of total counted microorganisms were found in the system pattern (2 rows soybean: 2 rows maize) followed by (2 rows soybean: one row free, one row maize (2:1). The total counts of fungi and bacteria were higher under sole cropping condition in maize (soybean 0:4 maize), than sole cropping of soybean (soybean4:0 maize). However, actinomycetes showed some differences than this trend. Generally, the numbers were increased by time from seedling stage to flowering stage, and then decreased or become almost stable at mature stage. The antagonism between the pathogenic fungi and each of bioagents indicated that B. subtilis showed the highest reduction in linear growth followed by T. v...

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The Relationship Between Some Mycotoxins Excretion and Bean Seed Discoloration

Journal of Plant Sciences, 2011

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Use of Abiotic and Biotic Inducers for Controlling Fungal Diseases and Improving Growth of Alfalfa

World Journal of Agricultural …, 2011

Five biotic and abiotic inducers namely, (Bio-Arc & Bio-Zaid) and (salicylic acid, K 2 HPO 4 and ... more Five biotic and abiotic inducers namely, (Bio-Arc & Bio-Zaid) and (salicylic acid, K 2 HPO 4 and neem oil) were examined for their effectiveness in controlling fungal diseases, improving growth and yield in alfalfa. The field trials have shown that salicylic acid, K 2 HPO 4 and neem oil respectively gave a significant P≤0.05 protection against rust, downy mildew, wilt and root rot diseases in both tested cvs. Ismailia-1 and wade-1 when applied as plant spraying and/or seed soaking compared with check treatment, whereas, Bio-Zaid and Bio-Arc were less effective. Moreover, the tested inducers significantly increased number of nodules, fresh, dry weight of nodules per plant, and yield components over the control in both cultivars when applied as seed soaking. These results were confirmed in the two successive seasons

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Combined Effects of Compost and Trichoderma spp. on Reducing Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases of Lentil Plants

Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 2021

Dual treatments of compost and Trichoderma spp. to control damping-off and root rot diseases of l... more Dual treatments of compost and Trichoderma spp. to control damping-off and root rot diseases of lentil were investigated. The obtained results showed that T. harzianum and T. viride were suppressive against lentil pathogen (R. solani). Likewise, both types of compost showed suppression on pathogen at 50%. The microbial population in the two composts was determined, where Com 2 showed the higher population of the recovered microbial load than Com1. Under greenhouse and field conditions, application of Trichoderma spp. and both composts individually or in combination significantly reduced the percentage of damping-off and root rot diseases of lentil caused by R. solani and increased plant survival rate of lentil compared to the infected control. It has been observed that a combined inoculation of Trichoderma spp. and both types of compost significantly increased the plant height, number of nodules and crop parameters, i.e., number of pods, number of seeds, weight of seeds as well as protein content.

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Effectiveness of Plant Extracts as Safe Control Means against Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases in Faba Bean Plants

Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 2017

aba bean root rot caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important b... more aba bean root rot caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important biotic stresses in the major growing areas in Egypt. In this study, aqueous extracts and organic solvent extracts of three wild medicinal plants (Lawsonia inermis, Eugenia jambolana and Moringa oleifera) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for protection of faba bean plants against damping-off and root rot diseases. Under laboratory conditions, all aqueous and organic solvent extracts significantly suppressed linear growth of F. solani and R. solani. E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest inhibition to the linear growth of both pathogenic tested fungi. Also, organic solvent extracts were more active than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all tested extracts significantly reduced damping-off and root rot incidence as well as increased some crop parameters in the field compared with untreated control. Faba bean seeds treated with E. jambolana extracts gave the highest protection against damping-off and root rot as well as recorded the highest crop components compared to the other extracts. In physiological studies, activity of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as content of phenolic compounds were increased in plants treated with aqueous or organic solvent extracts grown in soil infested with any of F. solani and R. solani, compared with untreated plants (control). In general, E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest increase in the activity of all enzymes as well as the content of total phenolic compounds. The organic solvent extracts increased the activity of all assessed enzymes and total phenolic compounds more than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. These results suggested that aqueous and organic solvent extracts may play an important role for controlling faba bean damping-off and root rot diseases.

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Integrated Suppressive Effect(s) of Micronutrients and Compost against Chickpea Fusarium Wilt in Relation to Microbial Activity

Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 2014

wo micronutrients, i.e. manganese and zinc sulphate(s), used as seed treatment along with compost... more wo micronutrients, i.e. manganese and zinc sulphate(s), used as seed treatment along with compost used as soil amendment were evaluated for their control efficiency against Fusarium wilt disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris. In vitro evaluation revealed that out of 21 isolates of bacteria recovered from compost extract, five isolates, belonged to genus Bacillus reduced linear growth of F. oxysporum on PDA medium. Enrichment the medium with zinc or manganese sulphate(s) increased antagonistic activity of the tested bacteria. Application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost, as soil amendment, effectively reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions in two growing seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12). Mixed applications recorded the highest disease decrements which dramatically associated with a rapid accumulation of salicylic acid content in roots compared to untreated-unamended control. Higher salicylic acid content caused lower disease incidence. Also, microbial activity in the rhizosphere of chickpea plants, as shown by greater dehydrogenase activity, markedly increased as a result of application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost. The statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between disease incidence and microbial activity. Furthermore, application of micronutrients and compost increased crop parameters, nodulation of chickpea plants as well as seed protein content compared to untreated-unamended control.

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Effect of Cyanobacteria on Reducing Damping-off and Root Rot Incidence in Lupine Plants, New Valley Governorate, Egypt

British Microbiology Research Journal, 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the suppression effect of four cyanobacteria species viz.... more This study was conducted to investigate the suppression effect of four cyanobacteria species viz. Nostoc muscorum, Oscillatoria agardhii, Spirulina platensis and Anabaena sphaerica, against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as the causal agent of lupine damping-off and root rot diseases under greenhouse and field conditions. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have a diverse antagonistic activity that lead to disintegration of microbial growth. All cyanobacteria were significantly suppressed of the tested pathogenic fungi in vitro. The reduction in the linear growth of the tested fungi was differed depending of type of solvent extract. Acetone extract of O. agardhii was recorded the highest growth reduction of all tested pathogenic fungi.

Influences of some biotic and abiotic factors on protein production and as inducers of Fusarium wilt disease resistance in lupine (Lupinus albus L.)

African Journal of Microbiology Research, Apr 9, 2013

Two bacterial species; Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida and three different chemica... more Two bacterial species; Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida and three different chemical compounds; copper sulphate (CuSO 4), Indole butyric acid (IBA) and potassium chloride (KCl) were tested for their ability to induce resistance in lupine plants against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini. Treatment of seeds with the selected bacterial species and chemical compounds significantly reduced wilt disease incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in Lupine under greenhouse conditions. Potassium chloride and Pseudomonas fluorescens were most effective. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of lupine seedlings revealed that seeds treated with biotic and abiotic inducers resulted in a rapid induction of different novel Pathogenesis-related protein (PR) in shoot and root of lupine seedlings upon infection with the pathogen. These new proteins were not detected in untreated healthy or infected controls. This study aimed to use bacterial species and chemical compounds to decrease Fusarium wilt disease.

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Biodiversity of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Diseased Chickpea and Detection of Resistance Sources to Some Egyptian Chickpea Cultivars

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is the maximum critical soil borne diseases of ch... more Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is the maximum critical soil borne diseases of chickpea in Egypt and many other countries in the world. Sixteen F. oxysporum(Fo) isolates were collected from 9 Governorates in Egypt isolated from wilted chickpea plants. Identification of these isolates was achieved by variation in morphological characters i.e., growth rate, growth habits, pigments, sporulation, and the morphological identifications were further confirmed by molecular method using specific ITS primers. Virulence of these isolates was classified as high virulence (Fo7, Fo8 and Fo10), moderate (Fo2, Fo3, Fo6, Fo9, Fo11, Fo13, Fo14, Fo15 and Fo16) and low (Fo1, Fo4, Fo5, Fo12). Host response of chickpea cultivars infected with Fo7 showed a moderate resistance (Giza-2 and Giza-531) and susceptible ones (Giza-195, Giza-1 and Giza-88). Mechanism underline induce disease resistance revealed that resistant chickpea cultivars contained high activities peroxidase, polyphenol oxid...

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Impact of Irrigation Method on Root Rot and Wilt Diseases in Tomato Under Net Greenhouse in the State of Qatar

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE, 2018

The study involved the relationship among two irrigation methods; Subsurface Buried Diffuser (SBD... more The study involved the relationship among two irrigation methods; Subsurface Buried Diffuser (SBD) and Conventional Drip irrigation (DI) and their impact on the survival of healthy tomato plant . Tomato plant irrigated with SBD and DI methods were subjected to survey of root or shoot systems fungal diseases and infected vs. healthy Tomato plant survival incidence percentage were recorded. Surveyed tomato plant showing, root rot and wilt symptoms were subjected to isolation trails for the purpose of isolation of the causal organisms. Rhizospheric samples of different healthy and diseased plants were collected at flowering growth stage for determining the frequency occurrence of different fungi associated with the root region of healthy and infected roots of tomato plants under both irrigation methods. It was observed that the Tomato plants irrigated under DI method were more prone to fungal infection than that of SBD method. Pathogenic fungi that contributed in reducing the survival ...

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Study of soil mycobiota diversity in some new reclaimed areas, Egypt

Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal, 2014

Delta area and Sinai Peninsula as well as from some Wadies at eastern desert of Egypt [9-15]. Th ... more Delta area and Sinai Peninsula as well as from some Wadies at eastern desert of Egypt [9-15]. Th ey found that members of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, and some dematiaceous Hyphomycetes were the most common in various types of Egyptian soils. Mazen and Shaban [16] studied the fl uctuation of soil fungi in wheat fi elds and found that the most common fungi isolated were Aspergillus (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus fl avus, Aspergillus versicolor), Humicola grisea, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma viride, and Stachybotrys chartarum. Moubasher et al. [17] isolated 167 species and 10 varieties belonging to 45 genera from 100 soil samples collected from Wadi Bir-El-Ain, and the most common species were A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Aspergillus glaucus group (represented by Aspergillus amstelodami, Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus ruber) and Penicillium chrysogenum. Abdel-Hafez et al. [14] isolated 122 species and nine varieties belonging to 36 genera from soil samples collected from Sinai Peninsula on glucose-Czapek's agar at 28°C, and the most common species were A. fl avus, A. fl avus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, Botryotrichum atrogriseum, Chaetomium globosum, F. solani, P. chrysogenum, and S. chartarum. Mazen et al. [18] mentioned that the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Egyptian soils was infl uenced by the soil type and by locality; they also noticed that the most common species were F. oxysporum, F. solani, Fusiform equiseti, Fusiform acuminatum, and Fusarium semitectum. Abdel-Hafez et al. [15] isolated 118 species in addition to seven varieties belonging to 51 genera from cultivated and desert soils. Th e results obtained from the three soil type were basically similar, and the most common fungi were A. fl avus, A. fl avus var.

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Induction of defence related enzymes and phenolic compounds in lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and their effects on host resistance against Fusarium wilt

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012

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