[py] adds PyPI classifiers for Python 3.10 to 3.12

[jamesbraza]

Description

Sync'ing PyPI page with what's actually supported. Closes #13472.

Motivation and Context

Helping people know what versions are supported

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (b7dc668) 58.23% compared to head (b8a0d5b) 58.23%.
Report is 3 commits behind head on trunk.

❗ Current head b8a0d5b differs from pull request most recent head f208f80. Consider uploading reports for the commit f208f80 to get more accurate results

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            trunk   #13475   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   58.23%   58.23%           
=======================================
  Files          86       86           
  Lines        5265     5265           
  Branches      222      222           
=======================================
  Hits         3066     3066           
  Misses       1977     1977           
  Partials      222      222           

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