+ * Extract an IPv4 address, which is in network byte order, and not
+ * necessarily aligned, and provide the result in host byte order.
+ */
+#define EXTRACT_IPV4_TO_HOST_ORDER(p) \
+ ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0)))
+#endif /* unaligned access checks */
+
+/*
+ * Extract numerical values in *host* byte order. (Some metadata
+ * headers are in the byte order of the host that wrote the file,
+ * and libpcap translate them to the byte order of the host
+ * reading the file. This means that if a program on that host
+ * reads with libpcap and writes to a new file, the new file will
+ * be written in the byte order of the host writing the file. Thus,
+ * the magic number in pcap files and byte-order magic in pcapng
+ * files can be used to determine the byte order in those metadata
+ * headers.)
+ *
+ * XXX - on platforms that can do unaligned accesses, just cast and
+ * dereference the pointer.
+ */
+static inline uint16_t
+EXTRACT_HE_U_2(const void *p)
+{
+ uint16_t val;
+
+ UNALIGNED_MEMCPY(&val, p, sizeof(uint16_t));
+ return val;
+}
+
+static inline int16_t
+EXTRACT_HE_S_2(const void *p)
+{
+ int16_t val;
+
+ UNALIGNED_MEMCPY(&val, p, sizeof(int16_t));
+ return val;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t
+EXTRACT_HE_U_4(const void *p)
+{
+ uint32_t val;
+
+ UNALIGNED_MEMCPY(&val, p, sizeof(uint32_t));
+ return val;
+}
+
+static inline int32_t
+EXTRACT_HE_S_4(const void *p)
+{
+ int32_t val;
+
+ UNALIGNED_MEMCPY(&val, p, sizeof(int32_t));
+ return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract an IPv4 address, which is in network byte order, and which
+ * is not necessarily aligned on a 4-byte boundary, and provide the
+ * result in network byte order.
+ *
+ * This works the same way regardless of the host's byte order.
+ */
+static inline uint32_t
+EXTRACT_IPV4_TO_NETWORK_ORDER(const void *p)
+{
+ uint32_t addr;
+
+ UNALIGNED_MEMCPY(&addr, p, sizeof(uint32_t));
+ return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Non-power-of-2 sizes.
+ */
+#define EXTRACT_BE_U_3(p) \
+ ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0)))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_S_3(p) \
+ (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
+ ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))) : \
+ ((int32_t)(0xFF000000U | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_U_5(p) \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0)))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_S_5(p) \
+ (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
+ ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))) : \
+ ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFF0000000000U) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_U_6(p) \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0)))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_S_6(p) \
+ (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))) : \
+ ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFF00000000U) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_U_7(p) \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0)))
+
+#define EXTRACT_BE_S_7(p) \
+ (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
+ ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))) : \
+ ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFFFF000000U) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))))
+
+/*
+ * Macros to extract possibly-unaligned little-endian integral values.
+ * XXX - do loads on little-endian machines that support unaligned loads?