]> The Tcpdump Group git mirrors - tcpdump/blobdiff - print-snmp.c
Use more the EXTRACT_U_1() macro (31/n)
[tcpdump] / print-snmp.c
index a546d5d722fc94a6e672a2eea4c653cd80130cb0..b9490f288d6a1ce7bc059f692e075c5837efdd3e 100644 (file)
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
- *     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *     John Robert LoVerso. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
- * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
- * advertising materials, and other materials related to such
- * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
- * by John Robert LoVerso.
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
- * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  *
  * This implementation has been influenced by the CMU SNMP release,
  * by Steve Waldbusser.  However, this shares no code with that system.
  #     @(#)snmp.awk.x  1.1 (LANL) 1/15/90
  */
 
-#ifndef lint
-static const char rcsid[] =
-    "@(#) $Header: /tcpdump/master/tcpdump/print-snmp.c,v 1.38 1999-12-13 18:06:14 mcr Exp $ (LBL)";
-#endif
+/* \summary: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) printer */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <netdissect-stdinc.h>
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_MEMORY_H
-#include <memory.h>
-#endif
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SMI_H
+#ifdef USE_LIBSMI
 #include <smi.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "interface.h"
-#include "addrtoname.h"
+#include "netdissect.h"
+#include "extract.h"
+
+#undef OPAQUE  /* defined in <wingdi.h> */
+
+static const char tstr[] = "[|snmp]";
 
 /*
  * Universal ASN.1 types
  * (we only care about the tag values for those allowed in the Internet SMI)
  */
-char *Universal[] = {
+static const char *Universal[] = {
        "U-0",
        "Boolean",
        "Integer",
@@ -96,7 +105,7 @@ char *Universal[] = {
 /*
  * Application-wide ASN.1 types from the Internet SMI and their tags
  */
-char *Application[] = {
+static const char *Application[] = {
        "IpAddress",
 #define IPADDR 0
        "Counter",
@@ -115,7 +124,7 @@ char *Application[] = {
 /*
  * Context-specific ASN.1 types for the SNMP PDUs and their tags
  */
-char *Context[] = {
+static const char *Context[] = {
        "GetRequest",
 #define GETREQ 0
        "GetNextRequest",
@@ -145,7 +154,7 @@ char *Context[] = {
 /*
  * Context-specific ASN.1 types for the SNMP Exceptions and their tags
  */
-char *Exceptions[] = {
+static const char *Exceptions[] = {
        "noSuchObject",
 #define NOSUCHOBJECT 0
        "noSuchInstance",
@@ -158,14 +167,14 @@ char *Exceptions[] = {
  * Private ASN.1 types
  * The Internet SMI does not specify any
  */
-char *Private[] = {
+static const char *Private[] = {
        "P-0"
 };
 
 /*
  * error-status values for any SNMP PDU
  */
-char *ErrorStatus[] = {
+static const char *ErrorStatus[] = {
        "noError",
        "tooBig",
        "noSuchName",
@@ -187,13 +196,14 @@ char *ErrorStatus[] = {
        "inconsistentName"
 };
 #define DECODE_ErrorStatus(e) \
-       ( e >= 0 && e < sizeof(ErrorStatus)/sizeof(ErrorStatus[0]) \
-       ? ErrorStatus[e] : (sprintf(errbuf, "err=%u", e), errbuf))
+       ( e >= 0 && (size_t)e < sizeof(ErrorStatus)/sizeof(ErrorStatus[0]) \
+               ? ErrorStatus[e] \
+               : (snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "err=%u", e), errbuf))
 
 /*
  * generic-trap values in the SNMP Trap-PDU
  */
-char *GenericTrap[] = {
+static const char *GenericTrap[] = {
        "coldStart",
        "warmStart",
        "linkDown",
@@ -201,11 +211,12 @@ char *GenericTrap[] = {
        "authenticationFailure",
        "egpNeighborLoss",
        "enterpriseSpecific"
-#define GT_ENTERPRISE 7
+#define GT_ENTERPRISE 6
 };
 #define DECODE_GenericTrap(t) \
-       ( t >= 0 && t < sizeof(GenericTrap)/sizeof(GenericTrap[0]) \
-       ? GenericTrap[t] : (sprintf(buf, "gt=%d", t), buf))
+       ( t >= 0 && (size_t)t < sizeof(GenericTrap)/sizeof(GenericTrap[0]) \
+               ? GenericTrap[t] \
+               : (snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "gt=%d", t), buf))
 
 /*
  * ASN.1 type class table
@@ -213,9 +224,9 @@ char *GenericTrap[] = {
  * type definitions.
  */
 #define defineCLASS(x) { "x", x, sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]) } /* not ANSI-C */
-struct {
-       char    *name;
-       char    **Id;
+static const struct {
+       const char      *name;
+       const char      **Id;
            int numIDs;
     } Class[] = {
        defineCLASS(Universal),
@@ -233,7 +244,7 @@ struct {
 /*
  * defined forms for ASN.1 types
  */
-char *Form[] = {
+static const char *Form[] = {
        "Primitive",
 #define PRIMITIVE      0
        "Constructed",
@@ -244,8 +255,8 @@ char *Form[] = {
  * A structure for the OID tree for the compiled-in MIB.
  * This is stored as a general-order tree.
  */
-struct obj {
-       char    *desc;                  /* name of object */
+static struct obj {
+       const char      *desc;          /* name of object */
        u_char  oid;                    /* sub-id following parent */
        u_char  type;                   /* object type (unused) */
        struct obj *child, *next;       /* child and next sibling pointers */
@@ -266,28 +277,46 @@ struct obj {
  * Currently, this includes the prefixes for the Internet MIB, the
  * private enterprises tree, and the experimental tree.
  */
-struct obj_abrev {
-       char *prefix;                   /* prefix for this abrev */
+#define OID_FIRST_OCTET(x, y)  (((x)*40) + (y))        /* X.690 8.19.4 */
+
+#ifndef NO_ABREV_MIB
+static const uint8_t mib_oid[] = { OID_FIRST_OCTET(1, 3), 6, 1, 2, 1 };
+#endif
+#ifndef NO_ABREV_ENTER
+static const uint8_t enterprises_oid[] = { OID_FIRST_OCTET(1, 3), 6, 1, 4, 1 };
+#endif
+#ifndef NO_ABREV_EXPERI
+static const uint8_t experimental_oid[] = { OID_FIRST_OCTET(1, 3), 6, 1, 3 };
+#endif
+#ifndef NO_ABBREV_SNMPMODS
+static const uint8_t snmpModules_oid[] = { OID_FIRST_OCTET(1, 3), 6, 1, 6, 3 };
+#endif
+
+#define OBJ_ABBREV_ENTRY(prefix, obj) \
+       { prefix, &_ ## obj ## _obj, obj ## _oid, sizeof (obj ## _oid) }
+static const struct obj_abrev {
+       const char *prefix;             /* prefix for this abrev */
        struct obj *node;               /* pointer into object table */
-       char *oid;                      /* ASN.1 encoded OID */
+       const uint8_t *oid;             /* ASN.1 encoded OID */
+       size_t oid_len;                 /* length of OID */
 } obj_abrev_list[] = {
 #ifndef NO_ABREV_MIB
        /* .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib */
-       { "",   &_mib_obj,              "\53\6\1\2\1" },
+       OBJ_ABBREV_ENTRY("",    mib),
 #endif
 #ifndef NO_ABREV_ENTER
        /* .iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises */
-       { "E:", &_enterprises_obj,      "\53\6\1\4\1" },
+       OBJ_ABBREV_ENTRY("E:",  enterprises),
 #endif
 #ifndef NO_ABREV_EXPERI
        /* .iso.org.dod.internet.experimental */
-       { "X:", &_experimental_obj,     "\53\6\1\3" },
+       OBJ_ABBREV_ENTRY("X:",  experimental),
 #endif
 #ifndef NO_ABBREV_SNMPMODS
        /* .iso.org.dod.internet.snmpV2.snmpModules */
-        { "S:", &_snmpModules_obj,      "\53\6\1\6\3" },
+       OBJ_ABBREV_ENTRY("S:",  snmpModules),
 #endif
-       { 0,0,0 }
+       { 0,0,0,0 }
 };
 
 /*
@@ -303,10 +332,10 @@ struct obj_abrev {
                } while ((objp = objp->next) != NULL); \
        } \
        if (objp) { \
-               printf(suppressdot?"%s":".%s", objp->desc); \
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, suppressdot?"%s":".%s", objp->desc)); \
                objp = objp->child; \
        } else \
-               printf(suppressdot?"%u":".%u", (o)); \
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, suppressdot?"%u":".%u", (o))); \
 }
 
 /*
@@ -314,16 +343,13 @@ struct obj_abrev {
  * temporary internal representation while decoding an ASN.1 data stream.
  */
 struct be {
-       u_int32_t asnlen;
+       uint32_t asnlen;
        union {
-               caddr_t raw;
+               const uint8_t *raw;
                int32_t integer;
-               u_int32_t uns;
+               uint32_t uns;
                const u_char *str;
-               struct {
-                       u_int32_t high;
-                       u_int32_t low;
-               } uns64;
+               uint64_t uns64;
        } data;
        u_short id;
        u_char form, class;             /* tag info */
@@ -348,7 +374,7 @@ struct be {
 /*
  * SNMP versions recognized by this module
  */
-char *SnmpVersion[] = {
+static const char *SnmpVersion[] = {
        "SNMPv1",
 #define SNMP_VERSION_1 0
        "SNMPv2c",
@@ -382,13 +408,6 @@ char *SnmpVersion[] = {
 
 #define ASN_ID_EXT 0x1f                /* extension ID in tag field */
 
-/*
- * truncated==1 means the packet was complete, but we don't have all of
- * it to decode.
- */
-static int truncated;
-#define ifNotTruncated if (truncated) fputs("[|snmp]", stdout); else
-
 /*
  * This decodes the next ASN.1 object in the stream pointed to by "p"
  * (and of real-length "len") and stores the intermediate data in the
@@ -398,7 +417,8 @@ static int truncated;
  * O/w, this returns the number of bytes parsed from "p".
  */
 static int
-asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
+asn1_parse(netdissect_options *ndo,
+           register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
 {
        u_char form, class, id;
        int i, hdr;
@@ -406,9 +426,10 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
        elem->asnlen = 0;
        elem->type = BE_ANY;
        if (len < 1) {
-               ifNotTruncated fputs("[nothing to parse]", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[nothing to parse]"));
                return -1;
        }
+       ND_TCHECK(*p);
 
        /*
         * it would be nice to use a bit field, but you can't depend on them.
@@ -417,9 +438,9 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
         *  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
         *    7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
         */
-       id = *p & ASN_ID_BITS;          /* lower 5 bits, range 00-1f */
+       id = EXTRACT_U_1(p) & ASN_ID_BITS;              /* lower 5 bits, range 00-1f */
 #ifdef notdef
-       form = (*p & 0xe0) >> 5;        /* move upper 3 bits to lower 3 */
+       form = (EXTRACT_U_1(p) & 0xe0) >> 5;    /* move upper 3 bits to lower 3 */
        class = form >> 1;              /* bits 7&6 -> bits 1&0, range 0-3 */
        form &= 0x1;                    /* bit 5 -> bit 0, range 0-1 */
 #else
@@ -429,67 +450,79 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
        elem->form = form;
        elem->class = class;
        elem->id = id;
-       if (vflag)
-               printf("|%.2x", *p);
        p++; len--; hdr = 1;
        /* extended tag field */
        if (id == ASN_ID_EXT) {
-               for (id = 0; *p & ASN_BIT8 && len > 0; len--, hdr++, p++) {
-                       if (vflag)
-                               printf("|%.2x", *p);
+               /*
+                * The ID follows, as a sequence of octets with the
+                * 8th bit set and the remaining 7 bits being
+                * the next 7 bits of the value, terminated with
+                * an octet with the 8th bit not set.
+                *
+                * First, assemble all the octets with the 8th
+                * bit set.  XXX - this doesn't handle a value
+                * that won't fit in 32 bits.
+                */
+               id = 0;
+               ND_TCHECK(*p);
+               while (*p & ASN_BIT8) {
+                       if (len < 1) {
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[Xtagfield?]"));
+                               return -1;
+                       }
                        id = (id << 7) | (*p & ~ASN_BIT8);
+                       len--;
+                       hdr++;
+                       p++;
+                       ND_TCHECK(*p);
                }
-               if (len == 0 && *p & ASN_BIT8) {
-                       ifNotTruncated fputs("[Xtagfield?]", stdout);
+               if (len < 1) {
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[Xtagfield?]"));
                        return -1;
                }
-               elem->id = id = (id << 7) | *p;
+               ND_TCHECK(*p);
+               elem->id = id = (id << 7) | EXTRACT_U_1(p);
                --len;
                ++hdr;
                ++p;
        }
        if (len < 1) {
-               ifNotTruncated fputs("[no asnlen]", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[no asnlen]"));
                return -1;
        }
+       ND_TCHECK(*p);
        elem->asnlen = *p;
-       if (vflag)
-               printf("|%.2x", *p);
        p++; len--; hdr++;
        if (elem->asnlen & ASN_BIT8) {
-               int noct = elem->asnlen % ASN_BIT8;
+               uint32_t noct = elem->asnlen % ASN_BIT8;
                elem->asnlen = 0;
                if (len < noct) {
-                       ifNotTruncated printf("[asnlen? %d<%d]", len, noct);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[asnlen? %d<%d]", len, noct));
                        return -1;
                }
+               ND_TCHECK2(*p, noct);
                for (; noct-- > 0; len--, hdr++) {
-                       if (vflag)
-                               printf("|%.2x", *p);
-                       elem->asnlen = (elem->asnlen << ASN_SHIFT8) | *p++;
+                       elem->asnlen = (elem->asnlen << ASN_SHIFT8) | EXTRACT_U_1(p);
+                       p++;
                }
        }
        if (len < elem->asnlen) {
-               if (!truncated) {
-                       printf("[len%d<asnlen%u]", len, elem->asnlen);
-                       return -1;
-               }
-               /* maybe should check at least 4? */
-               elem->asnlen = len;
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[len%d<asnlen%u]", len, elem->asnlen));
+               return -1;
        }
        if (form >= sizeof(Form)/sizeof(Form[0])) {
-               ifNotTruncated printf("[form?%d]", form);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[form?%d]", form));
                return -1;
        }
        if (class >= sizeof(Class)/sizeof(Class[0])) {
-               ifNotTruncated printf("[class?%c/%d]", *Form[form], class);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[class?%c/%d]", *Form[form], class));
                return -1;
        }
        if ((int)id >= Class[class].numIDs) {
-               ifNotTruncated printf("[id?%c/%s/%d]", *Form[form],
-                       Class[class].name, id);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[id?%c/%s/%d]", *Form[form], Class[class].name, id));
                return -1;
        }
+       ND_TCHECK2(*p, elem->asnlen);
 
        switch (form) {
        case PRIMITIVE:
@@ -506,17 +539,21 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
                                elem->type = BE_INT;
                                data = 0;
 
+                               if (elem->asnlen == 0) {
+                                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[asnlen=0]"));
+                                       return -1;
+                               }
                                if (*p & ASN_BIT8)      /* negative */
                                        data = -1;
                                for (i = elem->asnlen; i-- > 0; p++)
-                                       data = (data << ASN_SHIFT8) | *p;
+                                       data = (data << ASN_SHIFT8) | EXTRACT_U_1(p);
                                elem->data.integer = data;
                                break;
                        }
 
                        case OBJECTID:
                                elem->type = BE_OID;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
                                break;
 
                        case ASN_NULL:
@@ -526,9 +563,8 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
 
                        default:
                                elem->type = BE_OCTET;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
-                               printf("[P/U/%s]",
-                                       Class[class].Id[id]);
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[P/U/%s]", Class[class].Id[id]));
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
@@ -537,40 +573,36 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
                        switch (id) {
                        case IPADDR:
                                elem->type = BE_INETADDR;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
                                break;
 
                        case COUNTER:
                        case GAUGE:
                        case TIMETICKS: {
-                               register u_int32_t data;
+                               register uint32_t data;
                                elem->type = BE_UNS;
                                data = 0;
                                for (i = elem->asnlen; i-- > 0; p++)
-                                       data = (data << 8) + *p;
+                                       data = (data << 8) + EXTRACT_U_1(p);
                                elem->data.uns = data;
                                break;
                        }
 
                        case COUNTER64: {
-                               register u_int32_t high, low;
+                               register uint64_t data64;
                                elem->type = BE_UNS64;
-                               high = 0, low = 0;
-                               for (i = elem->asnlen; i-- > 0; p++) {
-                                       high = (high << 8) | 
-                                           ((low & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
-                                       low = (low << 8) | *p;
-                               }
-                               elem->data.uns64.high = high;
-                               elem->data.uns64.low = low;
+                               data64 = 0;
+                               for (i = elem->asnlen; i-- > 0; p++)
+                                       data64 = (data64 << 8) + EXTRACT_U_1(p);
+                               elem->data.uns64 = data64;
                                break;
                        }
 
                        default:
                                elem->type = BE_OCTET;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
-                               printf("[P/A/%s]",
-                                       Class[class].Id[id]);
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[P/A/%s]",
+                                       Class[class].Id[id]));
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
@@ -595,10 +627,9 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
                        break;
 
                default:
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[P/%s/%s]", Class[class].name, Class[class].Id[id]));
                        elem->type = BE_OCTET;
-                       elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
-                       printf("[P/%s/%s]",
-                               Class[class].name, Class[class].Id[id]);
+                       elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
                        break;
                }
                break;
@@ -609,27 +640,26 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
                        switch (id) {
                        case SEQUENCE:
                                elem->type = BE_SEQ;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
                                break;
 
                        default:
                                elem->type = BE_OCTET;
-                               elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
-                               printf("C/U/%s", Class[class].Id[id]);
+                               elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "C/U/%s", Class[class].Id[id]));
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
 
                case CONTEXT:
                        elem->type = BE_PDU;
-                       elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
+                       elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
                        break;
 
                default:
                        elem->type = BE_OCTET;
-                       elem->data.raw = (caddr_t)p;
-                       printf("C/%s/%s",
-                               Class[class].name, Class[class].Id[id]);
+                       elem->data.raw = (const uint8_t *)p;
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "C/%s/%s", Class[class].name, Class[class].Id[id]));
                        break;
                }
                break;
@@ -637,6 +667,60 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
        p += elem->asnlen;
        len -= elem->asnlen;
        return elem->asnlen + hdr;
+
+trunc:
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+asn1_print_octets(netdissect_options *ndo, struct be *elem)
+{
+       const u_char *p = (const u_char *)elem->data.raw;
+       uint32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
+       uint32_t i;
+
+       ND_TCHECK2(*p, asnlen);
+       for (i = asnlen; i-- > 0; p++)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "_%.2x", EXTRACT_U_1(p)));
+       return 0;
+
+trunc:
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+asn1_print_string(netdissect_options *ndo, struct be *elem)
+{
+       register int printable = 1, first = 1;
+       const u_char *p;
+       uint32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
+       uint32_t i;
+
+       p = elem->data.str;
+       ND_TCHECK2(*p, asnlen);
+       for (i = asnlen; printable && i-- > 0; p++)
+               printable = ND_ISPRINT(*p);
+       p = elem->data.str;
+       if (printable) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "\""));
+               if (fn_printn(ndo, p, asnlen, ndo->ndo_snapend)) {
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "\""));
+                       goto trunc;
+               }
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "\""));
+       } else {
+               for (i = asnlen; i-- > 0; p++) {
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, first ? "%.2x" : "_%.2x", EXTRACT_U_1(p)));
+                       first = 0;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+trunc:
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
+       return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -644,55 +728,67 @@ asn1_parse(register const u_char *p, u_int len, struct be *elem)
  * This used to be an integral part of asn1_parse() before the intermediate
  * BE form was added.
  */
-static void
-asn1_print(struct be *elem)
+static int
+asn1_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+           struct be *elem)
 {
-       u_char *p = (u_char *)elem->data.raw;
-       u_int32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
-       int i;
+       const u_char *p;
+       uint32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
+       uint32_t i;
 
        switch (elem->type) {
 
        case BE_OCTET:
-               for (i = asnlen; i-- > 0; p++);
-                       printf("_%.2x", *p);
+               if (asn1_print_octets(ndo, elem) == -1)
+                       return -1;
                break;
 
        case BE_NULL:
                break;
 
        case BE_OID: {
-       int o = 0, first = -1, i = asnlen;
+               int o = 0, first = -1;
 
-               if (!sflag && !nflag && asnlen > 2) {
-                       struct obj_abrev *a = &obj_abrev_list[0];
+               p = (const u_char *)elem->data.raw;
+               i = asnlen;
+               if (!ndo->ndo_nflag && asnlen > 2) {
+                       const struct obj_abrev *a = &obj_abrev_list[0];
                        for (; a->node; a++) {
-                               if (!memcmp(a->oid, (char *)p,
-                                   strlen(a->oid))) {
+                               if (i < a->oid_len)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, a->oid_len))
+                                       continue;
+                               if (memcmp(a->oid, p, a->oid_len) == 0) {
                                        objp = a->node->child;
-                                       i -= strlen(a->oid);
-                                       p += strlen(a->oid);
-                                       fputs(a->prefix, stdout);
+                                       i -= a->oid_len;
+                                       p += a->oid_len;
+                                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", a->prefix));
                                        first = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
 
-               for (; !sflag && i-- > 0; p++) {
+               for (; i-- > 0; p++) {
+                       ND_TCHECK(*p);
                        o = (o << ASN_SHIFT7) + (*p & ~ASN_BIT8);
                        if (*p & ASN_LONGLEN)
                                continue;
-                       
+
                        /*
-                        * first subitem encodes two items with 1st*OIDMUX+2nd
+                        * first subitem encodes two items with
+                        * 1st*OIDMUX+2nd
+                        * (see X.690:1997 clause 8.19 for the details)
                         */
                        if (first < 0) {
-                               if (!nflag)
+                               int s;
+                               if (!ndo->ndo_nflag)
                                        objp = mibroot;
                                first = 0;
-                               OBJ_PRINT(o/OIDMUX, first);
-                               o %= OIDMUX;
+                               s = o / OIDMUX;
+                               if (s > 2) s = 2;
+                               OBJ_PRINT(s, first);
+                               o -= s * OIDMUX;
                        }
                        OBJ_PRINT(o, first);
                        if (--first < 0)
@@ -703,95 +799,59 @@ asn1_print(struct be *elem)
        }
 
        case BE_INT:
-               printf("%d", elem->data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%d", elem->data.integer));
                break;
 
        case BE_UNS:
-               printf("%u", elem->data.uns);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%u", elem->data.uns));
                break;
 
-       case BE_UNS64: {        /* idea borrowed from by Marshall Rose */
-               double d;
-               int j, carry;
-               char *cpf, *cpl, last[6], first[30];
-               if (elem->data.uns64.high == 0) {
-                       printf("%u", elem->data.uns64.low);
-                       break;
-               }
-               d = elem->data.uns64.high * 4294967296.0;       /* 2^32 */
-               if (elem->data.uns64.high <= 0x1fffff) { 
-                       d += elem->data.uns64.low;
-                       printf("%.f", d);
-                       break;
-               }
-               d += (elem->data.uns64.low & 0xfffff000);
-               sprintf(first, "%.f", d);
-               sprintf(last, "%5.5d", elem->data.uns64.low & 0xfff);
-               for (carry = 0, cpf = first+strlen(first)-1, cpl = last+4;
-                    cpl >= last;
-                    cpf--, cpl--) {
-                       j = carry + (*cpf - '0') + (*cpl - '0');
-                       if (j > 9) {
-                               j -= 10;
-                               carry = 1;
-                       } else {
-                               carry = 0;
-                       }
-                       *cpf = j + '0';
-               }
-               fputs(first, stdout);
+       case BE_UNS64:
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%" PRIu64, elem->data.uns64));
                break;
-       }
 
-       case BE_STR: {
-               register int printable = 1, first = 1;
-               const u_char *p = elem->data.str;
-               for (i = asnlen; printable && i-- > 0; p++)
-                       printable = isprint(*p) || isspace(*p);
-               p = elem->data.str;
-               if (printable) {
-                       putchar('"');
-                       (void)fn_print(p, p + asnlen);
-                       putchar('"');
-               } else
-                       for (i = asnlen; i-- > 0; p++) {
-                               printf(first ? "%.2x" : "_%.2x", *p);
-                               first = 0;
-                       }
+       case BE_STR:
+               if (asn1_print_string(ndo, elem) == -1)
+                       return -1;
                break;
-       }
 
        case BE_SEQ:
-               printf("Seq(%u)", elem->asnlen);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "Seq(%u)", elem->asnlen));
                break;
 
        case BE_INETADDR:
                if (asnlen != ASNLEN_INETADDR)
-                       printf("[inetaddr len!=%d]", ASNLEN_INETADDR);
-               for (i = asnlen; i-- > 0; p++) {
-                       printf((i == asnlen-1) ? "%u" : ".%u", *p);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[inetaddr len!=%d]", ASNLEN_INETADDR));
+               p = (const u_char *)elem->data.raw;
+               ND_TCHECK2(*p, asnlen);
+               for (i = asnlen; i-- != 0; p++) {
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, (i == asnlen-1) ? "%u" : ".%u", EXTRACT_U_1(p)));
                }
                break;
 
        case BE_NOSUCHOBJECT:
        case BE_NOSUCHINST:
        case BE_ENDOFMIBVIEW:
-               printf("[%s]", Class[EXCEPTIONS].Id[elem->id]);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%s]", Class[EXCEPTIONS].Id[elem->id]));
                break;
 
        case BE_PDU:
-               printf("%s(%u)",
-                       Class[CONTEXT].Id[elem->id], elem->asnlen);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s(%u)", Class[CONTEXT].Id[elem->id], elem->asnlen));
                break;
 
        case BE_ANY:
-               fputs("[BE_ANY!?]", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[BE_ANY!?]"));
                break;
 
        default:
-               fputs("[be!?]", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[be!?]"));
                break;
        }
+       return 0;
+
+trunc:
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
+       return -1;
 }
 
 #ifdef notdef
@@ -811,14 +871,15 @@ asn1_decode(u_char *p, u_int length)
        int i = 0;
 
        while (i >= 0 && length > 0) {
-               i = asn1_parse(p, length, &elem);
+               i = asn1_parse(ndo, p, length, &elem);
                if (i >= 0) {
-                       fputs(" ", stdout);
-                       asn1_print(&elem);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
+                       if (asn1_print(ndo, &elem) < 0)
+                               return;
                        if (elem.type == BE_SEQ || elem.type == BE_PDU) {
-                               fputs(" {", stdout);
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, " {"));
                                asn1_decode(elem.data.raw, elem.asnlen);
-                               fputs(" }", stdout);
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, " }"));
                        }
                        length -= i;
                        p += i;
@@ -827,14 +888,14 @@ asn1_decode(u_char *p, u_int length)
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef LIBSMI
+#ifdef USE_LIBSMI
 
 struct smi2be {
     SmiBasetype basetype;
     int be;
 };
 
-struct smi2be smi2betab[] = {
+static const struct smi2be smi2betab[] = {
     { SMI_BASETYPE_INTEGER32,          BE_INT },
     { SMI_BASETYPE_OCTETSTRING,                BE_STR },
     { SMI_BASETYPE_OCTETSTRING,                BE_INETADDR },
@@ -850,29 +911,45 @@ struct smi2be smi2betab[] = {
     { SMI_BASETYPE_UNKNOWN,            BE_NONE }
 };
 
-static void smi_decode_oid(struct be *elem, unsigned int *oid,
-                          unsigned int *oidlen)
+static int
+smi_decode_oid(netdissect_options *ndo,
+               struct be *elem, unsigned int *oid,
+               unsigned int oidsize, unsigned int *oidlen)
 {
-       u_char *p = (u_char *)elem->data.raw;
-       u_int32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
+       const u_char *p = (const u_char *)elem->data.raw;
+       uint32_t asnlen = elem->asnlen;
        int o = 0, first = -1, i = asnlen;
+       unsigned int firstval;
 
-       for (*oidlen = 0; sflag && i-- > 0; p++) {
+       for (*oidlen = 0; i-- > 0; p++) {
+               ND_TCHECK(*p);
                o = (o << ASN_SHIFT7) + (*p & ~ASN_BIT8);
                if (*p & ASN_LONGLEN)
                    continue;
-           
+
                /*
                 * first subitem encodes two items with 1st*OIDMUX+2nd
+                * (see X.690:1997 clause 8.19 for the details)
                 */
                if (first < 0) {
-                       first = 0;
-                       oid[(*oidlen)++] = o/OIDMUX;
-                       o %= OIDMUX;
+                       first = 0;
+                       firstval = o / OIDMUX;
+                       if (firstval > 2) firstval = 2;
+                       o -= firstval * OIDMUX;
+                       if (*oidlen < oidsize) {
+                           oid[(*oidlen)++] = firstval;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (*oidlen < oidsize) {
+                       oid[(*oidlen)++] = o;
                }
-               oid[(*oidlen)++] = o;
                o = 0;
        }
+       return 0;
+
+trunc:
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
+       return -1;
 }
 
 static int smi_check_type(SmiBasetype basetype, int be)
@@ -891,8 +968,8 @@ static int smi_check_type(SmiBasetype basetype, int be)
 static int smi_check_a_range(SmiType *smiType, SmiRange *smiRange,
                             struct be *elem)
 {
-    int ok;
-    
+    int ok = 1;
+
     switch (smiType->basetype) {
     case SMI_BASETYPE_OBJECTIDENTIFIER:
     case SMI_BASETYPE_OCTETSTRING:
@@ -909,12 +986,12 @@ static int smi_check_a_range(SmiType *smiType, SmiRange *smiRange,
        ok = (elem->data.integer >= smiRange->minValue.value.integer32
              && elem->data.integer <= smiRange->maxValue.value.integer32);
        break;
-           
+
     case SMI_BASETYPE_UNSIGNED32:
        ok = (elem->data.uns >= smiRange->minValue.value.unsigned32
              && elem->data.uns <= smiRange->maxValue.value.unsigned32);
        break;
-       
+
     case SMI_BASETYPE_UNSIGNED64:
        /* XXX */
        break;
@@ -929,6 +1006,10 @@ static int smi_check_a_range(SmiType *smiType, SmiRange *smiRange,
     case SMI_BASETYPE_UNKNOWN:
        ok = 1;
        break;
+
+    default:
+       ok = 0;
+       break;
     }
 
     return ok;
@@ -939,98 +1020,110 @@ static int smi_check_range(SmiType *smiType, struct be *elem)
         SmiRange *smiRange;
        int ok = 1;
 
-       for (smiRange = smiGetFirstRange(smiType->module, smiType->name);
+       for (smiRange = smiGetFirstRange(smiType);
             smiRange;
             smiRange = smiGetNextRange(smiRange)) {
 
            ok = smi_check_a_range(smiType, smiRange, elem);
-           
+
            if (ok) {
-               smiFreeRange(smiRange);
                break;
            }
        }
 
-       if (ok && smiType->parentmodule && smiType->parentname) {
+       if (ok) {
            SmiType *parentType;
-           parentType = smiGetType(smiType->parentmodule,
-                                   smiType->parentname);
+           parentType = smiGetParentType(smiType);
            if (parentType) {
                ok = smi_check_range(parentType, elem);
-               smiFreeType(parentType);
            }
        }
 
        return ok;
 }
 
-static SmiNode *smi_print_variable(struct be *elem)
+static SmiNode *
+smi_print_variable(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                   struct be *elem, int *status)
 {
        unsigned int oid[128], oidlen;
        SmiNode *smiNode = NULL;
-       int i;
+       unsigned int i;
 
-       smi_decode_oid(elem, oid, &oidlen);
+       if (!nd_smi_module_loaded) {
+               *status = asn1_print(ndo, elem);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       *status = smi_decode_oid(ndo, elem, oid, sizeof(oid) / sizeof(unsigned int),
+           &oidlen);
+       if (*status < 0)
+               return NULL;
        smiNode = smiGetNodeByOID(oidlen, oid);
        if (! smiNode) {
-               asn1_print(elem);
+               *status = asn1_print(ndo, elem);
                return NULL;
        }
-       if (vflag) {
-               fputs(smiNode->module, stdout);
-               fputs("::", stdout);
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s::", smiGetNodeModule(smiNode)->name));
        }
-       fputs(smiNode->name, stdout);
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", smiNode->name));
        if (smiNode->oidlen < oidlen) {
-               for (i = smiNode->oidlen; i < oidlen; i++) {
-                       printf(".%u", oid[i]);
+               for (i = smiNode->oidlen; i < oidlen; i++) {
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, ".%u", oid[i]));
                }
        }
+       *status = 0;
        return smiNode;
 }
 
-static void smi_print_value(SmiNode *smiNode, u_char pduid, struct be *elem)
+static int
+smi_print_value(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                SmiNode *smiNode, u_short pduid, struct be *elem)
 {
-       unsigned int oid[128], oidlen;
+       unsigned int i, oid[128], oidlen;
        SmiType *smiType;
        SmiNamedNumber *nn;
-       int i, done = 0;
+       int done = 0;
 
        if (! smiNode || ! (smiNode->nodekind
                            & (SMI_NODEKIND_SCALAR | SMI_NODEKIND_COLUMN))) {
-           asn1_print(elem);
-           return;
+           return asn1_print(ndo, elem);
+       }
+
+       if (elem->type == BE_NOSUCHOBJECT
+           || elem->type == BE_NOSUCHINST
+           || elem->type == BE_ENDOFMIBVIEW) {
+           return asn1_print(ndo, elem);
        }
 
        if (NOTIFY_CLASS(pduid) && smiNode->access < SMI_ACCESS_NOTIFY) {
-           fputs("[notNotifyable]", stdout);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[notNotifyable]"));
        }
 
        if (READ_CLASS(pduid) && smiNode->access < SMI_ACCESS_READ_ONLY) {
-           fputs("[notReadable]", stdout);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[notReadable]"));
        }
 
        if (WRITE_CLASS(pduid) && smiNode->access < SMI_ACCESS_READ_WRITE) {
-           fputs("[notWritable]", stdout);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[notWritable]"));
        }
 
        if (RESPONSE_CLASS(pduid)
            && smiNode->access == SMI_ACCESS_NOT_ACCESSIBLE) {
-           fputs("[noAccess]", stdout);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[noAccess]"));
        }
 
-       if (! smi_check_type(smiNode->basetype, elem->type)) {
-           fputs("[wrongType]", stdout);
+       smiType = smiGetNodeType(smiNode);
+       if (! smiType) {
+           return asn1_print(ndo, elem);
        }
 
-       smiType = smiGetType(smiNode->typemodule, smiNode->typename);
-       if (! smiType) {
-           asn1_print(elem);
-           return;
+       if (! smi_check_type(smiType->basetype, elem->type)) {
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[wrongType]"));
        }
 
        if (! smi_check_range(smiType, elem)) {
-           fputs("[wrongLength]", stdout);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[outOfRange]"));
        }
 
        /* resolve bits to named bits */
@@ -1040,43 +1133,43 @@ static void smi_print_value(SmiNode *smiNode, u_char pduid, struct be *elem)
        /* apply display hints (integer, octetstring) */
 
        /* convert instance identifier to index type values */
-       
+
        switch (elem->type) {
        case BE_OID:
-               if (smiNode->basetype == SMI_BASETYPE_BITS
-                   && smiNode->typemodule && smiNode->typename) {
+               if (smiType->basetype == SMI_BASETYPE_BITS) {
                        /* print bit labels */
                } else {
-                       smi_decode_oid(elem, oid, &oidlen);
-                       smiNode = smiGetNodeByOID(oidlen, oid);
-                       if (smiNode) {
-                               if (vflag) {
-                                       fputs(smiNode->module, stdout);
-                                       fputs("::", stdout);
-                               }
-                               fputs(smiNode->name, stdout);
-                               if (smiNode->oidlen < oidlen) {
-                                       for (i = smiNode->oidlen; 
-                                            i < oidlen; i++) {
-                                               printf(".%u", oid[i]);
+                       if (nd_smi_module_loaded &&
+                           smi_decode_oid(ndo, elem, oid,
+                                          sizeof(oid)/sizeof(unsigned int),
+                                          &oidlen) == 0) {
+                               smiNode = smiGetNodeByOID(oidlen, oid);
+                               if (smiNode) {
+                                       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+                                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s::", smiGetNodeModule(smiNode)->name));
+                                       }
+                                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", smiNode->name));
+                                       if (smiNode->oidlen < oidlen) {
+                                               for (i = smiNode->oidlen;
+                                                    i < oidlen; i++) {
+                                                       ND_PRINT((ndo, ".%u", oid[i]));
+                                               }
                                        }
+                                       done++;
                                }
-                               done++;
                        }
                }
                break;
 
        case BE_INT:
-               if (smiNode->basetype == SMI_BASETYPE_ENUM
-                   && smiNode->typemodule && smiNode->typename) {
-                       for (nn = smiGetFirstNamedNumber(smiNode->typemodule,
-                                                        smiNode->typename);
+               if (smiType->basetype == SMI_BASETYPE_ENUM) {
+                       for (nn = smiGetFirstNamedNumber(smiType);
                             nn;
                             nn = smiGetNextNamedNumber(nn)) {
                                 if (nn->value.value.integer32
                                     == elem->data.integer) {
-                                        fputs(nn->name, stdout);
-                                        printf("(%d)", elem->data.integer);
+                                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", nn->name));
+                                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "(%d)", elem->data.integer));
                                         done++;
                                         break;
                                }
@@ -1086,12 +1179,9 @@ static void smi_print_value(SmiNode *smiNode, u_char pduid, struct be *elem)
        }
 
        if (! done) {
-               asn1_print(elem);
-       }
-
-       if (smiType) {
-               smiFreeType(smiType);
+               return asn1_print(ndo, elem);
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1132,86 +1222,92 @@ static void smi_print_value(SmiNode *smiNode, u_char pduid, struct be *elem)
  * Decode SNMP varBind
  */
 static void
-varbind_print(u_char pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
+varbind_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+              u_short pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
        struct be elem;
        int count = 0, ind;
-#ifdef LIBSMI
+#ifdef USE_LIBSMI
        SmiNode *smiNode = NULL;
 #endif
+       int status;
 
        /* Sequence of varBind */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-               fputs("[!SEQ of varbind]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!SEQ of varbind]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       if (count < length)
-               printf("[%d extra after SEQ of varbind]", length - count);
+       if ((u_int)count < length)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%d extra after SEQ of varbind]", length - count));
        /* descend */
        length = elem.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
 
        for (ind = 1; length > 0; ind++) {
                const u_char *vbend;
                u_int vblength;
 
-               fputs(" ", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
                /* Sequence */
-               if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+               if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                        return;
                if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-                       fputs("[!varbind]", stdout);
-                       asn1_print(&elem);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!varbind]"));
+                       asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                        return;
                }
                vbend = np + count;
                vblength = length - count;
                /* descend */
                length = elem.asnlen;
-               np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+               np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
 
                /* objName (OID) */
-               if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+               if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                        return;
                if (elem.type != BE_OID) {
-                       fputs("[objName!=OID]", stdout);
-                       asn1_print(&elem);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[objName!=OID]"));
+                       asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                        return;
                }
-#ifdef LIBSMI
-               smiNode = smi_print_variable(&elem);
+#ifdef USE_LIBSMI
+               smiNode = smi_print_variable(ndo, &elem, &status);
 #else
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               status = asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
 #endif
+               if (status < 0)
+                       return;
                length -= count;
                np += count;
 
                if (pduid != GETREQ && pduid != GETNEXTREQ
                    && pduid != GETBULKREQ)
-                               fputs("=", stdout);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "="));
 
                /* objVal (ANY) */
-               if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+               if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                        return;
                if (pduid == GETREQ || pduid == GETNEXTREQ
                    || pduid == GETBULKREQ) {
                        if (elem.type != BE_NULL) {
-                               fputs("[objVal!=NULL]", stdout);
-                               asn1_print(&elem);
+                               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[objVal!=NULL]"));
+                               if (asn1_print(ndo, &elem) < 0)
+                                       return;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (elem.type != BE_NULL) {
-#ifdef LIBSMI
-                               smi_print_value(smiNode, pduid, &elem);
-                               smiFreeNode(smiNode);
+#ifdef USE_LIBSMI
+                               status = smi_print_value(ndo, smiNode, pduid, &elem);
 #else
-                               asn1_print(&elem);
+                               status = asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
 #endif
                        }
+                       if (status < 0)
+                               return;
                }
                length = vblength;
                np = vbend;
@@ -1223,78 +1319,76 @@ varbind_print(u_char pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
  * GetBulk, Inform, V2Trap, and Report
  */
 static void
-snmppdu_print(u_char pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
+snmppdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+              u_short pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
        struct be elem;
-       int count = 0, error;
+       int count = 0, error_status;
 
        /* reqId (Integer) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[reqId!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[reqId!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       /* ignore the reqId */
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "R=%d ", elem.data.integer));
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* errorStatus (Integer) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[errorStatus!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorStatus!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       error = 0;
+       error_status = 0;
        if ((pduid == GETREQ || pduid == GETNEXTREQ || pduid == SETREQ
            || pduid == INFORMREQ || pduid == V2TRAP || pduid == REPORT)
            && elem.data.integer != 0) {
-               char errbuf[10];
-               printf("[errorStatus(%s)!=0]",
-                       DECODE_ErrorStatus(elem.data.integer));
+               char errbuf[20];
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorStatus(%s)!=0]",
+                       DECODE_ErrorStatus(elem.data.integer)));
        } else if (pduid == GETBULKREQ) {
-               printf(" N=%d", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " N=%d", elem.data.integer));
        } else if (elem.data.integer != 0) {
-               char errbuf[10];
-               printf(" %s", DECODE_ErrorStatus(elem.data.integer));
-               error = elem.data.integer;
+               char errbuf[20];
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " %s", DECODE_ErrorStatus(elem.data.integer)));
+               error_status = elem.data.integer;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* errorIndex (Integer) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[errorIndex!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorIndex!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        if ((pduid == GETREQ || pduid == GETNEXTREQ || pduid == SETREQ
            || pduid == INFORMREQ || pduid == V2TRAP || pduid == REPORT)
            && elem.data.integer != 0)
-               printf("[errorIndex(%d)!=0]", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorIndex(%d)!=0]", elem.data.integer));
        else if (pduid == GETBULKREQ)
-               printf(" M=%d", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " M=%d", elem.data.integer));
        else if (elem.data.integer != 0) {
-               if (!error)
-                       printf("[errorIndex(%d) w/o errorStatus]",
-                               elem.data.integer);
-               else {
-                       printf("@%d", elem.data.integer);
-                       error = elem.data.integer;
-               }
-       } else if (error) {
-               fputs("[errorIndex==0]", stdout);
-               error = 0;
+               if (!error_status)
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorIndex(%d) w/o errorStatus]", elem.data.integer));
+               else
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "@%d", elem.data.integer));
+       } else if (error_status) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[errorIndex==0]"));
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       varbind_print(pduid, np, length);
+       varbind_print(ndo, pduid, np, length);
        return;
 }
 
@@ -1302,86 +1396,90 @@ snmppdu_print(u_char pduid, const u_char *np, u_int length)
  * Decode SNMP Trap PDU
  */
 static void
-trappdu_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
+trappdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+              const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
        struct be elem;
        int count = 0, generic;
 
-       putchar(' ');
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* enterprise (oid) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_OID) {
-               fputs("[enterprise!=OID]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[enterprise!=OID]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       asn1_print(&elem);
+       if (asn1_print(ndo, &elem) < 0)
+               return;
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       putchar(' ');
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* agent-addr (inetaddr) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INETADDR) {
-               fputs("[agent-addr!=INETADDR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[agent-addr!=INETADDR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       asn1_print(&elem);
+       if (asn1_print(ndo, &elem) < 0)
+               return;
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* generic-trap (Integer) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[generic-trap!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[generic-trap!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        generic = elem.data.integer;
        {
-               char buf[10];
-               printf(" %s", DECODE_GenericTrap(generic));
+               char buf[20];
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " %s", DECODE_GenericTrap(generic)));
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* specific-trap (Integer) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[specific-trap!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[specific-trap!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        if (generic != GT_ENTERPRISE) {
                if (elem.data.integer != 0)
-                       printf("[specific-trap(%d)!=0]", elem.data.integer);
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "[specific-trap(%d)!=0]", elem.data.integer));
        } else
-               printf(" s=%d", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " s=%d", elem.data.integer));
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       putchar(' ');
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* time-stamp (TimeTicks) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_UNS) {                      /* XXX */
-               fputs("[time-stamp!=TIMETICKS]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[time-stamp!=TIMETICKS]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       asn1_print(&elem);
+       if (asn1_print(ndo, &elem) < 0)
+               return;
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       varbind_print (TRAP, np, length);
+       varbind_print(ndo, TRAP, np, length);
        return;
 }
 
@@ -1389,40 +1487,46 @@ trappdu_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
  * Decode arbitrary SNMP PDUs.
  */
 static void
-pdu_print(const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
+pdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+          const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
 {
        struct be pdu;
        int count = 0;
 
        /* PDU (Context) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &pdu)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &pdu)) < 0)
                return;
        if (pdu.type != BE_PDU) {
-               fputs("[no PDU]", stdout);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[no PDU]"));
                return;
        }
-       if (count < length)
-               printf("[%d extra after PDU]", length - count);
-       asn1_print(&pdu);
+       if ((u_int)count < length)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%d extra after PDU]", length - count));
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "{ "));
+       }
+       if (asn1_print(ndo, &pdu) < 0)
+               return;
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
        /* descend into PDU */
        length = pdu.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)pdu.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)pdu.data.raw;
 
        if (version == SNMP_VERSION_1 &&
-           (pdu.id == GETBULKREQ || pdu.id == INFORMREQ || 
+           (pdu.id == GETBULKREQ || pdu.id == INFORMREQ ||
             pdu.id == V2TRAP || pdu.id == REPORT)) {
-               printf("[v2 PDU in v1 message]");
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[v2 PDU in v1 message]"));
                return;
        }
 
        if (version == SNMP_VERSION_2 && pdu.id == TRAP) {
-               printf("[v1 PDU in v2 message]");
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[v1 PDU in v2 message]"));
                return;
        }
 
        switch (pdu.id) {
        case TRAP:
-               trappdu_print(np, length);
+               trappdu_print(ndo, np, length);
                break;
        case GETREQ:
        case GETNEXTREQ:
@@ -1432,193 +1536,211 @@ pdu_print(const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
        case INFORMREQ:
        case V2TRAP:
        case REPORT:
-               snmppdu_print(pdu.id, np, length);
+               snmppdu_print(ndo, pdu.id, np, length);
                break;
        }
+
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " } "));
+       }
 }
 
 /*
  * Decode a scoped SNMP PDU.
  */
 static void
-scopedpdu_print(const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
+scopedpdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
 {
        struct be elem;
-       int i, count = 0;
+       int count = 0;
 
        /* Sequence */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-               fputs("[!scoped PDU]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!scoped PDU]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length = elem.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
 
        /* contextEngineID (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[contextEngineID!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[contextEngineID!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       fputs("E= ", stdout);
-       for (i = 0; i < (int)elem.asnlen; i++) {
-            printf("0x%02X", elem.data.str[i]);
-        }
-       fputs(" ", stdout);
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "E="));
+       if (asn1_print_octets(ndo, &elem) == -1)
+               return;
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* contextName (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[contextName!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[contextName!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       printf("C=%.*s ", (int)elem.asnlen, elem.data.str);
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "C="));
+       if (asn1_print_string(ndo, &elem) == -1)
+               return;
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
-       pdu_print(np, length, version);
+       pdu_print(ndo, np, length, version);
 }
 
 /*
  * Decode SNMP Community Header (SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c)
  */
 static void
-community_print(const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
+community_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                const u_char *np, u_int length, int version)
 {
        struct be elem;
        int count = 0;
 
        /* Community (String) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[comm!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[comm!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        /* default community */
-       if (strncmp((char *)elem.data.str, DEF_COMMUNITY,
-           sizeof(DEF_COMMUNITY) - 1))
+       if (!(elem.asnlen == sizeof(DEF_COMMUNITY) - 1 &&
+           strncmp((const char *)elem.data.str, DEF_COMMUNITY,
+                   sizeof(DEF_COMMUNITY) - 1) == 0)) {
                /* ! "public" */
-               printf("C=%.*s ", (int)elem.asnlen, elem.data.str);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "C="));
+               if (asn1_print_string(ndo, &elem) == -1)
+                       return;
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
+       }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       pdu_print(np, length, version);
+       pdu_print(ndo, np, length, version);
 }
 
 /*
  * Decode SNMPv3 User-based Security Message Header (SNMPv3)
  */
 static void
-usm_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
+usm_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+          const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
         struct be elem;
        int count = 0;
 
        /* Sequence */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-               fputs("[!usm]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!usm]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length = elem.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
 
        /* msgAuthoritativeEngineID (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgAuthoritativeEngineID!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgAuthoritativeEngineID!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* msgAuthoritativeEngineBoots (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[msgAuthoritativeEngineBoots!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgAuthoritativeEngineBoots!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       if (vflag) 
-               printf("B=%d ", elem.data.integer);
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "B=%d ", elem.data.integer));
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* msgAuthoritativeEngineTime (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[msgAuthoritativeEngineTime!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgAuthoritativeEngineTime!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       if (vflag) 
-               printf("T=%d ", elem.data.integer);
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "T=%d ", elem.data.integer));
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* msgUserName (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgUserName!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgUserName!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
         np += count;
 
-       printf("U=%.*s ", (int)elem.asnlen, elem.data.str);
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "U="));
+       if (asn1_print_string(ndo, &elem) == -1)
+               return;
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* msgAuthenticationParameters (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgAuthenticationParameters!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgAuthenticationParameters!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
         np += count;
 
        /* msgPrivacyParameters (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgPrivacyParameters!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgPrivacyParameters!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
         np += count;
 
-       if (count < length)
-               printf("[%d extra after usm SEQ]", length - count);
+       if ((u_int)count < length)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%d extra after usm SEQ]", length - count));
 }
 
 /*
  * Decode SNMPv3 Message Header (SNMPv3)
  */
 static void
-v3msg_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
+v3msg_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+            const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
        struct be elem;
        int count = 0;
@@ -1628,86 +1750,93 @@ v3msg_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
        int xlength = length;
 
        /* Sequence */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-               fputs("[!message]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!message]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length = elem.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "{ "));
+       }
 
        /* msgID (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[msgID!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgID!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* msgMaxSize (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[msgMaxSize!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgMaxSize!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        /* msgFlags (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgFlags!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgFlags!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        if (elem.asnlen != 1) {
-               printf("[msgFlags size %d]", elem.asnlen);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgFlags size %d]", elem.asnlen));
                return;
        }
        flags = elem.data.str[0];
-       if (flags != 0x00 && flags != 0x01 && flags != 0x03 
+       if (flags != 0x00 && flags != 0x01 && flags != 0x03
            && flags != 0x04 && flags != 0x05 && flags != 0x07) {
-               printf("[msgFlags=0x%02X]", flags);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgFlags=0x%02X]", flags));
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       fputs("F=", stdout);
-       if (flags & 0x01) fputs("a", stdout);
-       if (flags & 0x02) fputs("p", stdout);
-       if (flags & 0x04) fputs("r", stdout);
-       fputs(" ", stdout);
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, "F=%s%s%s ",
+                 flags & 0x01 ? "a" : "",
+                 flags & 0x02 ? "p" : "",
+                 flags & 0x04 ? "r" : ""));
 
        /* msgSecurityModel (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[msgSecurityModel!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgSecurityModel!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        model = elem.data.integer;
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
-       if (count < length)
-               printf("[%d extra after message SEQ]", length - count);
+       if ((u_int)count < length)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%d extra after message SEQ]", length - count));
+
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "} "));
+       }
 
        if (model == 3) {
-           if (vflag) {
-               fputs("USM ", stdout);
+           if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "{ USM "));
            }
        } else {
-           printf("[security model %d]", model);
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "[security model %d]", model));
             return;
        }
 
@@ -1715,67 +1844,67 @@ v3msg_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
        length = xlength - (np - xnp);
 
        /* msgSecurityParameters (OCTET STRING) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_STR) {
-               fputs("[msgSecurityParameters!=STR]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[msgSecurityParameters!=STR]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
        length -= count;
        np += count;
 
        if (model == 3) {
-           usm_print(elem.data.str, elem.asnlen);
+           usm_print(ndo, elem.data.str, elem.asnlen);
+           if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "} "));
+           }
        }
 
-       if (vflag) {
-           fputs("ScopedPDU ", stdout);
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+           ND_PRINT((ndo, "{ ScopedPDU "));
        }
 
-       scopedpdu_print(np, length, 3);
+       scopedpdu_print(ndo, np, length, 3);
+
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "} "));
+       }
 }
 
 /*
  * Decode SNMP header and pass on to PDU printing routines
  */
 void
-snmp_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
+snmp_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+           const u_char *np, u_int length)
 {
        struct be elem;
        int count = 0;
        int version = 0;
 
-       truncated = 0;
-
-       /* truncated packet? */
-       if (np + length > snapend) {
-               truncated = 1;
-               length = snapend - np;
-       }
-
-       putchar(' ');
+       ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
 
        /* initial Sequence */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_SEQ) {
-               fputs("[!init SEQ]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[!init SEQ]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
-       if (count < length)
-               printf("[%d extra after iSEQ]", length - count);
+       if ((u_int)count < length)
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[%d extra after iSEQ]", length - count));
        /* descend */
        length = elem.asnlen;
-       np = (u_char *)elem.data.raw;
+       np = (const u_char *)elem.data.raw;
 
        /* Version (INTEGER) */
-       if ((count = asn1_parse(np, length, &elem)) < 0)
+       if ((count = asn1_parse(ndo, np, length, &elem)) < 0)
                return;
        if (elem.type != BE_INT) {
-               fputs("[version!=INT]", stdout);
-               asn1_print(&elem);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[version!=INT]"));
+               asn1_print(ndo, &elem);
                return;
        }
 
@@ -1783,11 +1912,11 @@ snmp_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
        case SNMP_VERSION_1:
        case SNMP_VERSION_2:
        case SNMP_VERSION_3:
-               if (vflag)
-                       printf("%s ", SnmpVersion[elem.data.integer]);
+               if (ndo->ndo_vflag)
+                       ND_PRINT((ndo, "{ %s ", SnmpVersion[elem.data.integer]));
                break;
        default:
-               printf("[version = %d]", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "SNMP [version = %d]", elem.data.integer));
                return;
        }
        version = elem.data.integer;
@@ -1797,13 +1926,17 @@ snmp_print(const u_char *np, u_int length)
        switch (version) {
        case SNMP_VERSION_1:
         case SNMP_VERSION_2:
-               community_print(np, length, version);
+               community_print(ndo, np, length, version);
                break;
        case SNMP_VERSION_3:
-               v3msg_print(np, length);
+               v3msg_print(ndo, np, length);
                break;
        default:
-               printf("[version = %d]", elem.data.integer);
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "[version = %d]", elem.data.integer));
                break;
        }
+
+       if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
+               ND_PRINT((ndo, "} "));
+       }
 }