+/*
+ * Given the host-byte-order value of the checksum field in a packet
+ * header, and the network-byte-order computed checksum of the data
+ * that the checksum covers (including the checksum itself), compute
+ * what the checksum field *should* have been.
+ */
+u_int16_t
+in_cksum_shouldbe(u_int16_t sum, u_int16_t computed_sum)
+{
+ u_int32_t shouldbe;
+
+ /*
+ * The value that should have gone into the checksum field
+ * is the negative of the value gotten by summing up everything
+ * *but* the checksum field.
+ *
+ * We can compute that by subtracting the value of the checksum
+ * field from the sum of all the data in the packet, and then
+ * computing the negative of that value.
+ *
+ * "sum" is the value of the checksum field, and "computed_sum"
+ * is the negative of the sum of all the data in the packets,
+ * so that's -(-computed_sum - sum), or (sum + computed_sum).
+ *
+ * All the arithmetic in question is one's complement, so the
+ * addition must include an end-around carry; we do this by
+ * doing the arithmetic in 32 bits (with no sign-extension),
+ * and then adding the upper 16 bits of the sum, which contain
+ * the carry, to the lower 16 bits of the sum, and then do it
+ * again in case *that* sum produced a carry.
+ *
+ * As RFC 1071 notes, the checksum can be computed without
+ * byte-swapping the 16-bit words; summing 16-bit words
+ * on a big-endian machine gives a big-endian checksum, which
+ * can be directly stuffed into the big-endian checksum fields
+ * in protocol headers, and summing words on a little-endian
+ * machine gives a little-endian checksum, which must be
+ * byte-swapped before being stuffed into a big-endian checksum
+ * field.
+ *
+ * "computed_sum" is a network-byte-order value, so we must put
+ * it in host byte order before subtracting it from the
+ * host-byte-order value from the header; the adjusted checksum
+ * will be in host byte order, which is what we'll return.
+ */
+ shouldbe = sum;
+ shouldbe += ntohs(computed_sum);
+ shouldbe = (shouldbe & 0xFFFF) + (shouldbe >> 16);
+ shouldbe = (shouldbe & 0xFFFF) + (shouldbe >> 16);
+ return shouldbe;
+}
+
+#ifndef IP_MF
+#define IP_MF 0x2000
+#endif /* IP_MF */
+#ifndef IP_DF
+#define IP_DF 0x4000
+#endif /* IP_DF */
+#define IP_RES 0x8000
+
+static struct tok ip_frag_values[] = {
+ { IP_MF, "+" },
+ { IP_DF, "DF" },
+ { IP_RES, "rsvd" }, /* The RFC3514 evil ;-) bit */
+ { 0, NULL }
+};
+