nd_uint16_t bgpo_holdtime;
nd_uint32_t bgpo_id;
nd_uint8_t bgpo_optlen;
+ nd_uint8_t bgpo_opttype; /* RFC9072 */
+ nd_uint16_t bgpo_optlen_extended; /* RFC9072 */
/* options should follow */
};
#define BGP_OPEN_SIZE 29 /* unaligned */
struct bgp_opt {
- nd_uint8_t bgpopt_type;
- nd_uint8_t bgpopt_len;
+ nd_uint8_t bgpopt_type;
+ nd_uint16_t bgpopt_len; /* Can be one or two bytes, depending on RFC9072 */
/* variable length */
};
#define BGP_OPT_SIZE 2 /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
nd_uint16_t len;
nd_uint8_t type; /* No padding after this; afi is, in fact, not aligned */
nd_uint16_t afi;
- nd_uint8_t res;
+ nd_uint8_t subtype;
nd_uint8_t safi;
};
#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE 23
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_NORMAL 0
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_BORR 1
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_EORR 2
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_RESERVED 255
+
+static const struct tok bgp_route_refresh_subtype_values[] = {
+ {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_NORMAL, "Normal route refresh request"},
+ {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_BORR,
+ "Demarcation of the beginning of a route refresh"},
+ {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_EORR,
+ "Demarcation of the ending of a route refresh"},
+ {0, NULL}};
#define bgp_attr_lenlen(flags, p) \
(((flags) & 0x10) ? 2U : 1U)
#define BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES 8 /* RFC1997 */
#define BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID 9 /* RFC4456 */
#define BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST 10 /* RFC4456 */
-#define BGPTYPE_DPA 11 /* deprecated, draft-ietf-idr-bgp-dpa */
-#define BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS 12 /* deprecated RFC1863 */
-#define BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH 13 /* deprecated RFC1863 */
#define BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI 14 /* RFC4760 */
#define BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI 15 /* RFC4760 */
#define BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES 16 /* RFC4360 */
{ BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES, "Community"},
{ BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID, "Originator ID"},
{ BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST, "Cluster List"},
- { BGPTYPE_DPA, "DPA"},
- { BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS, "Advertisers"},
- { BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH, "RCID Path / Cluster ID"},
{ BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI, "Multi-Protocol Reach NLRI"},
{ BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI, "Multi-Protocol Unreach NLRI"},
{ BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "Extended Community"},
#define BGP_CAPCODE_ORF 3 /* RFC5291 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_MR 4 /* RFC3107 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH 5 /* RFC5549 */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG 6 /* RFC8654 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_ML 8 /* RFC8277 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART 64 /* RFC4724 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW 65 /* RFC6793 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP 67 /* draft-ietf-idr-dynamic-cap */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS 68 /* draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH 69 /* RFC7911 */
-#define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR 70 /* draft-keyur-bgp-enhanced-route-refresh */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR 70 /* RFC7313 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR 71 /* draft-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence-05 */
#define BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO 128
{ BGP_CAPCODE_ORF, "Cooperative Route Filtering"},
{ BGP_CAPCODE_MR, "Multiple Routes to a Destination"},
{ BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH, "Extended Next Hop Encoding"},
+ { BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG, "BGP Extended Message"},
{ BGP_CAPCODE_ML, "Multiple Labels"},
{ BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART, "Graceful Restart"},
{ BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW, "32-Bit AS Number"},
{ 0, NULL}
};
-/* draft-ietf-idr-cease-subcode-02 */
+/* RFC 4486 */
#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX 1
-/* draft-ietf-idr-shutdown-07 */
#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT 2
#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET 4
-#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN_LEN 128
static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cease_values[] = {
{ BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX, "Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached"},
{ BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT, "Administrative Shutdown"},
#define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID 0x8804
#define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC 0x8805
+/* Optional Parameters */
+#define BGP_OPEN_NON_EXT_OPT_TYPE_EXTENDED_LENGTH 255 /* Non-Ext OP Type */
+
static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_flag_values[] = {
{ 0x8000, "vendor-specific"},
{ 0x4000, "non-transitive"},
{ 0, NULL },
};
-/* allocate space for the largest possible string */
-static char astostr[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")];
+#define AS_STR_SIZE sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")
/*
* as_printf
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 1, plenbytes);
ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
if (plen % 8) {
((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
}
snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
return 1 + plenbytes;
-trunc:
- return -2;
-
badtlv:
- return -3;
+ return -2;
}
static int
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, plenbytes);
ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
if (plen % 8) {
((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
}
/*
* bgp_vpn_ip_print
*
- * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependend on address length.
+ * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependent on address length.
*/
static char *
bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
/* allocate space for the largest possible string */
static char rd[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx:xxxxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxxx)")];
char *pos = rd;
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
/* ok lets load the RD format */
switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
float f;
uint32_t i;
} bw;
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
break;
case BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND:
- bw.i = GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2);
+ bw.i = GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4);
ND_PRINT("bandwidth: %.3f Mbps",
bw.f*8/1000000);
break;
u_int plen)
{
/* allocate space for the largest possible string */
- char rtc_prefix_in_hex[20] = "";
+ char rtc_prefix_in_hex[sizeof("0000 0000 0000 0000")] = "";
u_int rtc_prefix_in_hex_len = 0;
static char output[61]; /* max response string */
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
uint16_t ec_type = 0;
u_int octet_count;
u_int i;
{
uint8_t route_target[8];
u_int plen;
- char asbuf[sizeof(astostr)]; /* bgp_vpn_rd_print() overwrites astostr */
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
u_int num_octets;
/* NLRI "prefix length" from RFC 2858 Section 4. */
}
/* With at least "origin AS", possibly with "route target". */
- as_printf(ndo, asbuf, sizeof(asbuf), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
+ as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
plen -= 32; /* adjust prefix length */
*/
memset(&route_target, 0, sizeof(route_target));
num_octets = (plen + 7) / 8;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 5, num_octets);
- memcpy(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
/* If mask-len is not on octet boundary, ensure all extra bits are 0 */
if (plen % 8) {
((u_char *)&route_target)[num_octets - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
}
ND_PRINT("\n\t origin AS: %s, %s",
- asbuf,
+ astostr,
bgp_rt_prefix_print(ndo, (u_char *)&route_target, plen));
return 5 + num_octets;
-trunc:
- return -2;
}
static int
return -1;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
if (plen % 8) {
((u_char *)&addr)[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
-
-trunc:
- return -2;
}
/*
decode_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo,
const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
uint8_t route_type, route_length;
u_int addr_length, sg_length;
u_int offset;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pd + 1, plenbytes);
ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
- memcpy(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
if (plen % 8) {
addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
return 1 + plenbytes;
-trunc:
- return -2;
-
badtlv:
- return -3;
+ return -2;
}
static int
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, plenbytes);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
if (plen % 8) {
addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
return -1;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
if (plen % 8) {
addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
-
-trunc:
- return -2;
}
static int
return -1;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
if (plen % 8) {
addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
plen);
return 1 + (plen + 7) / 8;
-
-trunc:
- return -2;
}
static int
return -1;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
- memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+ GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
if (plen % 8) {
addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
}
((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
-
-trunc:
- return -2;
}
/*
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
- else if (advance == -3)
break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
- else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
break;
case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
advance = decode_rt_routing_info(ndo, tptr);
- if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
break;
case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN): /* fall through */
case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
- else if (advance == -3)
break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
- else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
break;
advance = decode_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
- else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
break;
advance = decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
if (advance == -1)
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
- else if (advance == -2)
- goto trunc;
else
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
break;
uint8_t atype, const u_char *pptr, u_int len,
const unsigned attr_set_level)
{
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
u_int i;
uint16_t af;
uint8_t safi, snpa, nhlen;
/*
* Check if we can read the TLV data.
*/
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 3, length);
if (tlen < length)
goto trunc;
bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
const u_char *opt, u_int caps_len)
{
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
u_int cap_type, cap_len, tcap_len, cap_offset;
u_int i = 0;
case BGP_CAPCODE_RR:
case BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR:
case BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO:
+ case BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG:
+ case BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR:
break;
case BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW:
/*
bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
const u_char *dat, u_int length)
{
+ /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+ char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
const struct bgp_open *bgp_open_header;
u_int optslen;
+ uint8_t opsttype;
const struct bgp_opt *bgpopt;
const u_char *opt;
u_int i;
+ uint8_t extended_opt_params = 0;
+ u_int open_size = BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
+ u_int opt_size = BGP_OPT_SIZE;
ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_OPEN_SIZE);
if (length < BGP_OPEN_SIZE)
GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_holdtime));
ND_PRINT("ID %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(bgp_open_header->bgpo_id));
optslen = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen);
- ND_PRINT("\n\t Optional parameters, length: %u", optslen);
+ opsttype = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_opttype);
+ if (opsttype == BGP_OPEN_NON_EXT_OPT_TYPE_EXTENDED_LENGTH) {
+ optslen = GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen_extended);
+ extended_opt_params = 1;
+ open_size += 3;
+ opt_size += 1;
+ }
+ ND_PRINT("\n\t Optional parameters%s, length: %u",
+ extended_opt_params ? " (Extended)" : "", optslen);
- opt = dat + BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
- length -= BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
+ opt = dat + open_size;
+ length -= open_size;
i = 0;
while (i < optslen) {
- uint8_t opt_type, opt_len;
+ uint8_t opt_type;
+ uint16_t opt_len;
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_OPT_SIZE);
- if (length < BGP_OPT_SIZE + i)
+ ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, opt_size);
+ if (length < opt_size + i)
goto trunc;
bgpopt = (const struct bgp_opt *)(opt + i);
opt_type = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_type);
- opt_len = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
- if (BGP_OPT_SIZE + i + opt_len > optslen) {
+ opt_len = extended_opt_params ? GET_BE_U_2(bgpopt->bgpopt_len)
+ : GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
+ if (opt_size + i + opt_len > optslen) {
ND_PRINT("\n\t Option %u, length: %u, goes past the end of the options",
opt_type, opt_len);
break;
switch(opt_type) {
case BGP_OPT_CAP:
- bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + BGP_OPT_SIZE + i,
+ bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + opt_size + i,
opt_len);
break;
opt_type);
break;
}
- i += BGP_OPT_SIZE + opt_len;
+ i += opt_size + opt_len;
}
return;
trunc:
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
break;
} else if (wpfx == -2)
- goto trunc;
- else if (wpfx == -3)
goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
else {
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
}
if (len) {
+ /* Make sure the path attributes don't go past the end of the packet */
+ if (length < len)
+ goto trunc;
/* do something more useful!*/
while (len) {
uint8_t aflags, atype, alenlen;
ND_PRINT("\n\t (illegal prefix length)");
break;
} else if (i == -2)
- goto trunc;
- else if (i == -3)
goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
else {
ND_PRINT("\n\t %s", buf);
const struct bgp_notification *bgp_notification_header;
const u_char *tptr;
uint8_t bgpn_major, bgpn_minor;
- uint8_t shutdown_comm_length;
- uint8_t remainder_offset;
ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE);
if (length<BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE)
bgpn_minor),
bgpn_minor);
- /* draft-ietf-idr-cease-subcode-02 mentions optionally 7 bytes
+ /* RFC 4486 mentions optionally 7 bytes
* for the maxprefix subtype, which may contain AFI, SAFI and MAXPREFIXES
*/
if(bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX && length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 7) {
GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 3));
}
/*
- * draft-ietf-idr-shutdown describes a method to send a communication
+ * RFC 9003 describes a method to send a communication
* intended for human consumption regarding the Administrative Shutdown
*/
if ((bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT ||
bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET) &&
length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1) {
tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
- shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(tptr);
- remainder_offset = 0;
+ uint8_t shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(tptr);
+ uint8_t remainder_offset = 0;
/* garbage, hexdump it all */
- if (shutdown_comm_length > BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN_LEN ||
- shutdown_comm_length > length - (BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1)) {
+ if (shutdown_comm_length > length - (BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1)) {
ND_PRINT(", invalid Shutdown Communication length");
}
else if (shutdown_comm_length == 0) {
}
/* a proper shutdown communication */
else {
- ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 1, shutdown_comm_length);
ND_PRINT(", Shutdown Communication (length: %u): \"", shutdown_comm_length);
- (void)nd_printn(ndo, tptr+1, shutdown_comm_length, NULL);
+ nd_printjn(ndo, tptr+1, shutdown_comm_length);
ND_PRINT("\"");
remainder_offset += shutdown_comm_length + 1;
}
bgp_route_refresh_header = (const struct bgp_route_refresh *)pptr;
- ND_PRINT("\n\t AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
- tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
- GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
- GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
- tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
- GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
- GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi));
+ ND_PRINT("\n\t AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Subtype %s (%u)",
+ tok2str(af_values, "Unknown",
+ GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
+ GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
+ tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown",
+ GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
+ GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi),
+ tok2str(bgp_route_refresh_subtype_values, "Unknown",
+ GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->subtype)),
+ GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->subtype));
if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1) {
ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
projects / tcpdump / blobdiff