]> The Tcpdump Group git mirrors - tcpdump/blobdiff - print-bgp.c
CI: Add warning exemptions for Sun C (suncc-5.15) on Solaris 10
[tcpdump] / print-bgp.c
index 67643be5d82077dbdfdb254819c554e58bb8a9b1..bb302545d34494cc0c014935e1d537d17cb04abf 100644 (file)
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@
 
 /* specification: RFC 4271 */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
-#endif
 
 #include "netdissect-stdinc.h"
 
@@ -80,13 +78,15 @@ struct bgp_open {
     nd_uint16_t bgpo_holdtime;
     nd_uint32_t bgpo_id;
     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_optlen;
+    nd_uint8_t  bgpo_opttype;         /* RFC9072 */
+    nd_uint16_t bgpo_optlen_extended; /* RFC9072 */
     /* options should follow */
 };
 #define BGP_OPEN_SIZE        29    /* unaligned */
 
 struct bgp_opt {
-    nd_uint8_t bgpopt_type;
-    nd_uint8_t bgpopt_len;
+    nd_uint8_t  bgpopt_type;
+    nd_uint16_t bgpopt_len; /* Can be one or two bytes, depending on RFC9072 */
     /* variable length */
 };
 #define BGP_OPT_SIZE           2    /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
@@ -101,15 +101,47 @@ struct bgp_notification {
 };
 #define BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE        21    /* unaligned */
 
+struct bgp_route_refresh_orf {
+  nd_uint8_t  refresh;
+  nd_uint8_t  type;
+  nd_uint16_t len;
+};
+
 struct bgp_route_refresh {
     nd_byte     bgp_marker[16];
     nd_uint16_t len;
     nd_uint8_t  type;   /* No padding after this; afi is, in fact, not aligned */
     nd_uint16_t afi;
-    nd_uint8_t  res;
+    nd_uint8_t  subtype;
     nd_uint8_t  safi;
 };
+
+static const struct tok bgp_orf_refresh_type[] = {
+    { 1, "Immediate"},
+    { 2, "Defer"},
+    { 0, NULL }
+};
+
+static const struct tok bgp_orf_type[] = {
+    { 64, "Address Prefix ORF"},
+    { 65, "CP-ORF"},
+    { 0, NULL }
+};
+
 #define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE          23
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE_ORF      BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE + 5
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_NORMAL 0
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_BORR 1
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_EORR 2
+#define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_RESERVED 255
+
+static const struct tok bgp_route_refresh_subtype_values[] = {
+    {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_NORMAL, "Normal route refresh request"},
+    {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_BORR,
+     "Demarcation of the beginning of a route refresh"},
+    {BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SUBTYPE_EORR,
+     "Demarcation of the ending of a route refresh"},
+    {0, NULL}};
 
 #define bgp_attr_lenlen(flags, p) \
     (((flags) & 0x10) ? 2U : 1U)
@@ -126,9 +158,6 @@ struct bgp_route_refresh {
 #define BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES              8    /* RFC1997 */
 #define BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID            9    /* RFC4456 */
 #define BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST            10    /* RFC4456 */
-#define BGPTYPE_DPA                     11    /* deprecated, draft-ietf-idr-bgp-dpa */
-#define BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS             12    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
-#define BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH               13    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
 #define BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI           14    /* RFC4760 */
 #define BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI         15    /* RFC4760 */
 #define BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES        16    /* RFC4360 */
@@ -142,6 +171,8 @@ struct bgp_route_refresh {
 #define BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL  27    /* RFC6514 */
 #define BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL           28    /* RFC6790 */
 #define BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY         32    /* draft-ietf-idr-large-community-05 */
+#define BGPTYPE_BGPSEC_PATH             33    /* RFC8205 */
+#define BGPTYPE_OTC                     35    /* RFC9234 */
 #define BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET               128    /* RFC6368 */
 
 #define BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE              3    /* End of RIB Marker detection */
@@ -159,9 +190,6 @@ static const struct tok bgp_attr_values[] = {
     { BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES,      "Community"},
     { BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID,    "Originator ID"},
     { BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST,     "Cluster List"},
-    { BGPTYPE_DPA,              "DPA"},
-    { BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS,      "Advertisers"},
-    { BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH,        "RCID Path / Cluster ID"},
     { BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI,    "Multi-Protocol Reach NLRI"},
     { BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI,  "Multi-Protocol Unreach NLRI"},
     { BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "Extended Community"},
@@ -173,6 +201,8 @@ static const struct tok bgp_attr_values[] = {
     { BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL, "PE Distinguisher Label"},
     { BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL,    "Entropy Label"},
     { BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY,  "Large Community"},
+    { BGPTYPE_BGPSEC_PATH,      "BGPsec Path"},
+    { BGPTYPE_OTC,              "Only to Customer (OTC)"},
     { BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET,         "Attribute Set"},
     { 255,                      "Reserved for development"},
     { 0, NULL}
@@ -216,13 +246,16 @@ static const struct tok bgp_opt_values[] = {
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ORF                 3 /* RFC5291 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MR                  4 /* RFC3107 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH              5 /* RFC5549 */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG             6 /* RFC8654 */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_BGPSEC              7 /* RFC8205 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ML                  8 /* RFC8277 */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_ROLE                9 /* RFC9234 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART            64 /* RFC4724  */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW             65 /* RFC6793 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP            67 /* draft-ietf-idr-dynamic-cap */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS          68 /* draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH           69 /* RFC7911 */
-#define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR             70 /* draft-keyur-bgp-enhanced-route-refresh */
+#define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR             70 /* RFC7313 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR               71 /* draft-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence-05 */
 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO          128
 
@@ -232,6 +265,8 @@ static const struct tok bgp_capcode_values[] = {
     { BGP_CAPCODE_ORF,          "Cooperative Route Filtering"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_MR,           "Multiple Routes to a Destination"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH,       "Extended Next Hop Encoding"},
+    { BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG,      "BGP Extended Message"},
+    { BGP_CAPCODE_BGPSEC,       "BGPsec"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_ML,           "Multiple Labels"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART,      "Graceful Restart"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW,       "32-Bit AS Number"},
@@ -241,6 +276,7 @@ static const struct tok bgp_capcode_values[] = {
     { BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR,       "Enhanced Route Refresh"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR,         "Long-lived Graceful Restart"},
     { BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO,     "Route Refresh (Cisco)"},
+    { BGP_CAPCODE_ROLE,         "Role Capability"},
     { 0, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -250,7 +286,8 @@ static const struct tok bgp_capcode_values[] = {
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME       4
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM            5
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE          6
-#define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP            7
+#define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_ROUTEREFRESH   7
+#define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_SENDHOLDTIME   8
 
 static const struct tok bgp_notify_major_values[] = {
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG,     "Message Header Error"},
@@ -259,16 +296,18 @@ static const struct tok bgp_notify_major_values[] = {
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME,"Hold Timer Expired"},
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM,     "Finite State Machine Error"},
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE,   "Cease"},
-    { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP,     "Capability Message Error"},
+    { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_ROUTEREFRESH, "ROUTE-REFRESH Message Error"},
+    { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_SENDHOLDTIME, "Send Hold Timer Expired"},
     { 0, NULL}
 };
 
-/* draft-ietf-idr-cease-subcode-02 */
+/* RFC 4486 */
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX  1
-/* draft-ietf-idr-shutdown-07 */
+/* RFC 9003 */
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT     2
 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET    4
-#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN_LEN   128
+/* RFC 8538 */
+#define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_HARDRESET 9
 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cease_values[] = {
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX, "Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached"},
     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT,    "Administrative Shutdown"},
@@ -277,6 +316,9 @@ static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cease_values[] = {
     { 5,                        "Connection Rejected"},
     { 6,                        "Other Configuration Change"},
     { 7,                        "Connection Collision Resolution"},
+    { 8,                        "Out of Resources"},
+    { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_HARDRESET, "Hard Reset"},
+    { 10,                       "BFD Down"},
     { 0, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -321,11 +363,8 @@ static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_fsm_values[] = {
     { 0, NULL }
 };
 
-static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cap_values[] = {
-    { 1,                        "Invalid Action Value" },
-    { 2,                        "Invalid Capability Length" },
-    { 3,                        "Malformed Capability Value" },
-    { 4,                        "Unsupported Capability Code" },
+static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_routerefresh_values[] = {
+    { 1,                        "Invalid Message Length" },
     { 0, NULL }
 };
 
@@ -367,6 +406,21 @@ static const struct tok bgp_aigp_values[] = {
     { 0, NULL}
 };
 
+#define BGP_ROLE_PROVIDER 0
+#define BGP_ROLE_RS 1
+#define BGP_ROLE_RS_CLIENT 2
+#define BGP_ROLE_CUSTOMER 3
+#define BGP_ROLE_PEER 4
+
+static const struct tok bgp_role_values[] = {
+    { BGP_ROLE_PROVIDER, "Provider"},
+    { BGP_ROLE_RS, "RS"},
+    { BGP_ROLE_RS_CLIENT, "RS-Client"},
+    { BGP_ROLE_CUSTOMER, "Customer"},
+    { BGP_ROLE_PEER, "Peer"},
+    { 0, NULL}
+};
+
 /* Subsequent address family identifier, RFC2283 section 7 */
 #define SAFNUM_RES                      0
 #define SAFNUM_UNICAST                  1
@@ -412,6 +466,12 @@ static const struct tok bgp_safi_values[] = {
     { 0, NULL }
 };
 
+static const struct tok bgp_graceful_restart_comm_flag_values[] = {
+    { 0x8,                      "R" },
+    { 0x4,                      "N" },
+    { 0, NULL }
+};
+
 /* well-known community */
 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT              0xffffff01
 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_ADVERT              0xffffff02
@@ -425,6 +485,7 @@ static const struct tok bgp_safi_values[] = {
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1        0x0103  /* Route Origin,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2        0x0203  /* Route Origin,Format AN(4bytes):local(2bytes) */
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND    0x4004  /* Link Bandwidth,Format AS(2B):Bandwidth(4B) */
+#define BGP_EXT_COM_OVS         0x4300  /* BGP Prefix Origin Validation State Extended Community */
                                         /* rfc2547 bgp-mpls-vpns */
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN  0x0005  /* OSPF Domain ID / VPN of Origin  - draft-rosen-vpns-ospf-bgp-mpls */
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2 0x0105  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
@@ -453,12 +514,23 @@ static const struct tok bgp_safi_values[] = {
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID        0x8804
 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC 0x8805
 
+/* Optional Parameters */
+#define BGP_OPEN_NON_EXT_OPT_TYPE_EXTENDED_LENGTH 255 /* Non-Ext OP Type */
+
 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_flag_values[] = {
     { 0x8000,                  "vendor-specific"},
     { 0x4000,                  "non-transitive"},
     { 0, NULL},
 };
 
+/* rfc8097 */
+static const struct tok bgp_prefix_origin_validation_state[] = {
+  { 0, "valid" },
+  { 1, "not found" },
+  { 2, "invalid" },
+  { 0, NULL },
+};
+
 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values[] = {
     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0,        "target"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1,        "target"},
@@ -467,6 +539,7 @@ static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values[] = {
     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1,        "origin"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2,        "origin"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND,    "link-BW"},
+    { BGP_EXT_COM_OVS,         "origin-validation-state"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN,  "ospf-domain"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2, "ospf-domain"},
     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3, "ospf-domain"},
@@ -557,8 +630,19 @@ static const struct tok bgp_add_path_recvsend[] = {
     { 0, NULL },
 };
 
-/* allocate space for the largest possible string */
-static char astostr[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")];
+static const struct tok bgp_bgpsec_bitmap_str[] = {
+    { 1U << 0, "MBZ-0" },
+    { 1U << 1, "MBZ-1" },
+    { 1U << 2, "MBZ-2" },
+    { 1U << 3, "MBZ-3" },
+    { 1U << 4, "MBZ-4" },
+    { 1U << 5, "MBZ-5" },
+    { 1U << 6, "MBZ-6" },
+    { 1U << 7, "C" },
+    { 0, NULL}
+};
+
+#define AS_STR_SIZE sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")
 
 /*
  * as_printf
@@ -590,7 +674,6 @@ decode_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
     nd_ipv4 addr;
     u_int plen, plenbytes;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     ITEMCHECK(1);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);
     if (32 < plen)
@@ -599,26 +682,21 @@ decode_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 1, plenbytes);
     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
     if (plen % 8) {
         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
     return 1 + plenbytes;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
-
 badtlv:
-    return -3;
+    return -2;
 }
 
 static int
-decode_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                       const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf,
-                       size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                      const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen)
 {
     nd_ipv4 addr;
     u_int plen, plenbytes;
@@ -637,24 +715,23 @@ decode_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
     */
 
     if (24 > plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     plen-=24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
 
     if (32 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
     itemlen -= 4;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, plenbytes);
     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
     if (plen % 8) {
         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s/%u, label:%u %s",
              ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
              plen,
              GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
@@ -662,6 +739,10 @@ decode_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     return 4 + plenbytes;
 
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
+
 trunc:
     return -2;
 
@@ -672,7 +753,7 @@ badtlv:
 /*
  * bgp_vpn_ip_print
  *
- * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependend on address length.
+ * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependent on address length.
  */
 static char *
 bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
@@ -685,11 +766,9 @@ bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     switch(addr_length) {
     case (sizeof(nd_ipv4) << 3): /* 32 */
-        ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, sizeof(nd_ipv4));
         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
         break;
     case (sizeof(nd_ipv6) << 3): /* 128 */
-        ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, sizeof(nd_ipv6));
         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(pptr));
         break;
     default:
@@ -698,7 +777,6 @@ bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
     }
     pos += strlen(pos);
 
-trunc:
     *(pos) = '\0';
     return (addr);
 }
@@ -722,41 +800,36 @@ trunc:
  * return the number of bytes read from the wire.
  */
 static u_int
-bgp_vpn_sg_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                 const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+bgp_vpn_sg_print(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     uint8_t addr_length;
-    u_int total_length, offset;
+    u_int total_length;
 
     total_length = 0;
 
     /* Source address length, encoded in bits */
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
     pptr++;
 
     /* Source address */
     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
-    offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
     if (addr_length) {
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Source %s",
-             bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
+        ND_PRINT(", Source %s",
+                 bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
     }
 
     /* Group address length, encoded in bits */
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
     pptr++;
 
     /* Group address */
     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
-    offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
     if (addr_length) {
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Group %s",
-             bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
+        ND_PRINT(", Group %s",
+                 bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
     }
 
@@ -766,12 +839,13 @@ trunc:
 
 /* Print an RFC 4364 Route Distinguisher */
 const char *
-bgp_vpn_rd_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                 const u_char *pptr)
+bgp_vpn_rd_print(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
     static char rd[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx:xxxxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxxx)")];
     char *pos = rd;
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
 
     /* ok lets load the RD format */
     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
@@ -817,10 +891,8 @@ static void
 bgp_extended_community_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                              const u_char *pptr)
 {
-    union { /* copy buffer for bandwidth values */
-        float f;
-        uint32_t i;
-    } bw;
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
 
     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
 
@@ -850,11 +922,27 @@ bgp_extended_community_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             break;
 
     case BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND:
-            bw.i = GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2);
             ND_PRINT("bandwidth: %.3f Mbps",
-                     bw.f*8/1000000);
+                     GET_BE_F_4(pptr + 4)*8/1000000);
             break;
 
+    case BGP_EXT_COM_OVS:
+        /* The Reserved field MUST be set to 0 and ignored upon the
+         * receipt of this community.
+         */
+        {
+            uint64_t reserved = GET_BE_U_5(pptr + 2);
+
+            if (reserved)
+                ND_PRINT("[the reserved field 0x%" PRIx64 " MUST be 0] ",
+                         reserved);
+            ND_PRINT("ovs: %s",
+                     tok2str(bgp_prefix_origin_validation_state,
+                             "unknown origin validation state",
+                             GET_U_1(pptr + 7)));
+        }
+        break;
+
     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN:
     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2:
     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3:
@@ -923,9 +1011,11 @@ bgp_rt_prefix_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     u_int plen)
 {
     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
-    char rtc_prefix_in_hex[20] = "";
+    char rtc_prefix_in_hex[sizeof("0000 0000 0000 0000")] = "";
     u_int rtc_prefix_in_hex_len = 0;
     static char output[61]; /* max response string */
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     uint16_t ec_type = 0;
     u_int octet_count;
     u_int i;
@@ -957,7 +1047,7 @@ bgp_rt_prefix_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
     /*
      * get the ext-comm type
      * Note: pptr references a static 8 octet buffer with unused bits set to 0,
-     * hense EXTRACT_*() macros are safe.
+     * hence EXTRACT_*() macros are safe.
      */
     ec_type = EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr);
     switch (ec_type) {
@@ -994,16 +1084,15 @@ bgp_rt_prefix_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
 /* RFC 4684 */
 static int
-decode_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                       const u_char *pptr)
+print_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     uint8_t route_target[8];
     u_int plen;
-    char asbuf[sizeof(astostr)]; /* bgp_vpn_rd_print() overwrites astostr */
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     u_int num_octets;
 
     /* NLRI "prefix length" from RFC 2858 Section 4. */
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
 
     /* NLRI "prefix" (ibid), valid lengths are { 0, 32, 33, ..., 96 } bits.
@@ -1022,8 +1111,7 @@ decode_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo,
     }
 
     /* With at least "origin AS", possibly with "route target". */
-    ND_TCHECK_4(pptr + 1);
-    as_printf(ndo, asbuf, sizeof(asbuf), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
+    as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
 
     plen -= 32; /* adjust prefix length */
 
@@ -1038,49 +1126,43 @@ decode_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo,
      */
     memset(&route_target, 0, sizeof(route_target));
     num_octets = (plen + 7) / 8;
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 5, num_octets);
-    memcpy(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
     /* If mask-len is not on octet boundary, ensure all extra bits are 0 */
     if (plen % 8) {
         ((u_char *)&route_target)[num_octets - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     ND_PRINT("\n\t      origin AS: %s, %s",
-             asbuf,
+             astostr,
              bgp_rt_prefix_print(ndo, (u_char *)&route_target, plen));
 
     return 5 + num_octets;
-trunc:
-    return -2;
 }
 
 static int
-decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                           const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_vpn_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     nd_ipv4 addr;
     u_int plen;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
 
     if ((24+64) > plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
 
     if (32 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
     if (plen % 8) {
         ((u_char *)&addr)[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
                 ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
                 plen,
@@ -1089,8 +1171,9 @@ decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1106,17 +1189,16 @@ trunc:
 #define MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN 16
 
 static int
-decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                    const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_mdt_vpn_nlri(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     const u_char *rd;
     const u_char *vpn_ip;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
-
     /* if the NLRI is not predefined length, quit.*/
-    if (GET_U_1(pptr) != MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN * 8)
+    if (GET_U_1(pptr) != MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN * 8) {
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
         return -1;
+    }
     pptr++;
 
     /* RD */
@@ -1125,15 +1207,14 @@ decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(netdissect_options *ndo,
     pptr += 8;
 
     /* IPv4 address */
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, sizeof(nd_ipv4));
     vpn_ip = pptr;
     pptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
 
     /* MDT Group Address */
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, sizeof(nd_ipv4));
-
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, VPN IP Address: %s, MC Group Address: %s",
-                bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, rd), GET_IPADDR_STRING(vpn_ip), GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, VPN IP Address: %s, MC Group Address: %s",
+             bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, rd),
+             GET_IPADDR_STRING(vpn_ip),
+             GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
 
     return MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN + 1;
 
@@ -1161,20 +1242,19 @@ static const struct tok bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values[] = {
 };
 
 static int
-decode_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                     const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     uint8_t route_type, route_length;
     u_int addr_length, sg_length;
-    u_int offset;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_2(pptr);
     route_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
     pptr++;
     route_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
     pptr++;
 
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "Route-Type: %s (%u), length: %u",
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      Route-Type: %s (%u), length: %u",
          tok2str(bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values,
                  "Unknown", route_type),
          route_type, route_length);
@@ -1182,58 +1262,52 @@ decode_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo,
     switch(route_type) {
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Originator %s",
+        if (route_length < BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)
+            goto trunc;
+        ND_PRINT(", RD: %s, Originator %s",
                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
                     bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN,
                                      (route_length - BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) << 3));
         break;
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
-        bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
-        as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
-        GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
+        ND_PRINT(", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
+                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
+                 as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
+                           GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
         break;
 
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
-                    bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
+        ND_PRINT(", RD: %s",  bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
 
-        sg_length = bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
+        sg_length = bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr);
         addr_length =  route_length - sg_length;
 
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, addr_length);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Originator %s",
-                    bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length << 3));
+        ND_PRINT(", Originator %s",
+                 bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length << 3));
         break;
 
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
-                    bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
+        ND_PRINT(", RD: %s", bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
 
-        bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
+        bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr);
         break;
 
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN: /* fall through */
     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
-        offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
-        snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
-                    bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
-                    as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
-                    GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
+        ND_PRINT(", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
+                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
+                 as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
+                           GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4;
 
-        bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
+        bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr);
         break;
 
         /*
@@ -1250,34 +1324,11 @@ trunc:
     return -2;
 }
 
-/*
- * As I remember, some versions of systems have an snprintf() that
- * returns -1 if the buffer would have overflowed.  If the return
- * value is negative, set buflen to 0, to indicate that we've filled
- * the buffer up.
- *
- * If the return value is greater than buflen, that means that
- * the buffer would have overflowed; again, set buflen to 0 in
- * that case.
- */
-#define UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen) \
-    if (stringlen<0) \
-        buflen=0; \
-    else if ((u_int)stringlen>buflen) \
-        buflen=0; \
-    else { \
-        buflen-=stringlen; \
-        buf+=stringlen; \
-    }
-
 static int
-decode_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                      const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     u_int plen, tlen, tlv_type, tlv_len, ttlv_len;
-    int stringlen;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_2(pptr);
     plen = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);
     tlen = plen;
     pptr += 2;
@@ -1288,39 +1339,29 @@ decode_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo,
     if (plen == 12) {
         /* assume AD-only with RD, BGPNH */
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 12);
-        buf[0] = '\0';
-        stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, BGPNH: %s",
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, BGPNH: %s",
                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
                                 GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+8));
-        UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-        pptr += 12;
-        tlen -= 12;
         return plen + 2;
     } else if (plen > 17) {
         /* assume old format */
         /* RD, ID, LBLKOFF, LBLBASE */
 
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 15);
-        buf[0] = '\0';
-        stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, CE-ID: %u, Label-Block Offset: %u, Label Base %u",
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, CE-ID: %u, Label-Block Offset: %u, Label Base %u",
                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 8),
                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 10),
                                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 12)>>4); /* the label is offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-        UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
         pptr += 15;
         tlen -= 15;
 
         /* ok now the variable part - lets read out TLVs*/
         while (tlen != 0) {
             if (tlen < 3) {
-                if (buflen != 0) {
-                    stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tran past the end");
-                    UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                }
+                ND_PRINT("\n\t\tran past the end");
                 return plen + 2;
             }
-            ND_TCHECK_3(pptr);
             tlv_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
             pptr++;
             tlv_len = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);  /* length, in *bits* */
@@ -1329,43 +1370,27 @@ decode_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
             switch(tlv_type) {
             case 1:
-                if (buflen != 0) {
-                    stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tcircuit status vector (%u) length: %u: 0x",
-                                          tlv_type,
-                                          tlv_len);
-                    UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                }
+                ND_PRINT("\n\t\tcircuit status vector (%u) length: %u: 0x",
+                                      tlv_type,
+                                      tlv_len);
                 while (ttlv_len != 0) {
                     if (tlen < 1) {
-                        if (buflen != 0) {
-                            stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
-                            UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                        }
+                        ND_PRINT(" (ran past the end)");
                         return plen + 2;
                     }
                     ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
-                    if (buflen != 0) {
-                        stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "%02x",
-                                              GET_U_1(pptr));
-                        pptr++;
-                        UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                    }
+                    ND_PRINT("%02x", GET_U_1(pptr));
+                    pptr++;
                     ttlv_len--;
                     tlen--;
                 }
                 break;
             default:
-                if (buflen != 0) {
-                    stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tunknown TLV #%u, length: %u",
-                                          tlv_type,
-                                          tlv_len);
-                    UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                }
+                ND_PRINT("\n\t\tunknown TLV #%u, length: %u",
+                                      tlv_type,
+                                      tlv_len);
                 if (tlen < ttlv_len) {
-                    if (buflen != 0) {
-                        stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
-                        UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
-                    }
+                    ND_PRINT(" (ran past the end)");
                     return plen + 2;
                 }
                 tlen -= ttlv_len;
@@ -1390,7 +1415,6 @@ decode_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
     nd_ipv6 addr;
     u_int plen, plenbytes;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pd);
     ITEMCHECK(1);
     plen = GET_U_1(pd);
     if (128 < plen)
@@ -1399,9 +1423,8 @@ decode_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pd + 1, plenbytes);
     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
-    memcpy(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
     if (plen % 8) {
         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
@@ -1409,16 +1432,13 @@ decode_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
     return 1 + plenbytes;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
-
 badtlv:
-    return -3;
+    return -2;
 }
 
 static int
-decode_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
-               const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                      const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen)
 {
     nd_ipv6 addr;
     u_int plen, plenbytes;
@@ -1429,24 +1449,23 @@ decode_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
 
     if (24 > plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     plen -= 24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
 
     if (128 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
     itemlen -= 4;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, plenbytes);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
     if (plen % 8) {
         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s/%u, label:%u %s",
                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
                 plen,
                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
@@ -1454,6 +1473,10 @@ decode_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     return 4 + plenbytes;
 
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
+
 trunc:
     return -2;
 
@@ -1462,32 +1485,29 @@ badtlv:
 }
 
 static int
-decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                           const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_vpn_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     nd_ipv6 addr;
     u_int plen;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
 
     if ((24+64) > plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
 
     if (128 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
     if (plen % 8) {
         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
                 plen,
@@ -1496,66 +1516,64 @@ decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
 }
 
 static int
-decode_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                   const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     uint8_t addr[19];
     u_int plen;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
 
     if (152 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
     if (plen % 8) {
         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u",
+    /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s/%u",
                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
                 plen);
 
     return 1 + (plen + 7) / 8;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
 }
 
 static int
-decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                               const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+print_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr)
 {
     uint8_t addr[19];
     u_int plen;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
 
     if ((24+64) > plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
 
     if (152 < plen)
-        return -1;
+        goto badplen;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
-    memcpy(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
+    GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
     if (plen % 8) {
         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
     }
     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
+    /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t      RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
                 plen,
@@ -1564,8 +1582,9 @@ decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
 
-trunc:
-    return -2;
+badplen:
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
+    return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1595,15 +1614,12 @@ bgp_attr_get_as_size(netdissect_options *ndo,
      * each.
      */
     while (tptr < pptr + len) {
-        ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
-
         /*
          * If we do not find a valid segment type, our guess might be wrong.
          */
         if (GET_U_1(tptr) < BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MIN || GET_U_1(tptr) > BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MAX) {
             goto trunc;
         }
-        ND_TCHECK_1(tptr + 1);
         tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * 2;
     }
 
@@ -1620,7 +1636,7 @@ trunc:
     /*
      * We can come here, either we did not have enough data, or if we
      * try to decode 4 byte ASs in 2 byte format. Either way, return 4,
-     * so that calller can try to decode each AS as of 4 bytes. If indeed
+     * so that caller can try to decode each AS as of 4 bytes. If indeed
      * there was not enough data, it will crib and end the parse anyways.
      */
     return 4;
@@ -1643,7 +1659,7 @@ check_add_path(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr, u_int length,
     }
 
     /*
-     * Scan through the NLRI information under the assumpetion that
+     * Scan through the NLRI information under the assumption that
      * it doesn't have path IDs.
      */
     for (offset = 0; offset < length;) {
@@ -1714,23 +1730,23 @@ bgp_mp_af_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                   safi);
 
         switch(af<<8 | safi) {
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
-        case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-        case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
+        case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+        case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
@@ -1757,26 +1773,24 @@ trunc:
 static int
 bgp_nlri_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t af, uint8_t safi,
               const u_char *tptr, u_int len,
-              char *buf, size_t buflen,
               int add_path4, int add_path6)
 {
        int advance;
        u_int path_id = 0;
+       char buf[512];
 
        switch (af<<8 | safi) {
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
                 if (add_path4) {
                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
                     tptr += 4;
                 }
-                advance = decode_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
+                advance = decode_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf));
                 if (advance == -1)
                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
                 else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else if (advance == -3)
                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
                 else
                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
@@ -1785,66 +1799,42 @@ bgp_nlri_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t af, uint8_t safi,
                    advance += 4;
                 }
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+                advance = print_labeled_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len);
+                if (advance == -2)
                     goto trunc;
-                else if (advance == -3)
-                    break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+                advance = print_labeled_vpn_prefix4(ndo, tptr);
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
-                advance = decode_rt_routing_info(ndo, tptr);
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
+                advance = print_rt_routing_info(ndo, tptr);
+                break;
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN): /* fall through */
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
+                advance = print_multicast_vpn(ndo, tptr);
                 if (advance == -2)
                     goto trunc;
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN): /* fall through */
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
-                advance = decode_multicast_vpn(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
-                break;
 
-            case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
-                advance = decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
+            case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
+                advance = print_mdt_vpn_nlri(ndo, tptr);
+                if (advance == -2)
                     goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
                 if (add_path6) {
                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
                     tptr += 4;
                 }
-                advance = decode_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
+                advance = decode_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf));
                 if (advance == -1)
                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
                 else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else if (advance == -3)
                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
                 else
                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
@@ -1853,61 +1843,33 @@ bgp_nlri_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t af, uint8_t safi,
                    advance += 4;
                 }
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+                advance = print_labeled_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len);
+                if (advance == -2)
                     goto trunc;
-                else if (advance == -3)
-                    break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
                 break;
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-            case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+            case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+                advance = print_labeled_vpn_prefix6(ndo, tptr);
                 break;
             case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_vpn_l2(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
+                advance = print_labeled_vpn_l2(ndo, tptr);
+                if (advance == -2)
                     goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
                 break;
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-                advance = decode_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
+                advance = print_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr);
                 break;
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
-                advance = decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
-                if (advance == -1)
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
-                else if (advance == -2)
-                    goto trunc;
-                else
-                    ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
+                advance = print_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr);
                 break;
             default:
                /*
@@ -1923,18 +1885,27 @@ trunc:  /* we rely on the caller to recognize -2 return value */
        return -2;
 }
 
+static const struct tok bgp_flags[] = {
+       { 0x80, "O"},
+       { 0x40, "T"},
+       { 0x20, "P"},
+       { 0x10, "E"},
+       { 0, NULL }
+};
+
 static int
 bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                uint8_t atype, const u_char *pptr, u_int len,
                const unsigned attr_set_level)
 {
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     u_int i;
     uint16_t af;
     uint8_t safi, snpa, nhlen;
     int advance;
     u_int tlen;
     const u_char *tptr;
-    char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
     u_int as_size;
     int add_path4, add_path6;
     int ret;
@@ -1947,7 +1918,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         if (len != 1)
             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
         else {
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_origin_values,
                       "Unknown Origin Typecode",
                       GET_U_1(tptr)));
@@ -1979,10 +1949,8 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         as_size = bgp_attr_get_as_size(ndo, atype, pptr, len);
 
         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_open_values,
                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr + 1);
             for (i = 0; i < GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size; i += as_size) {
                 ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 2 + i, as_size);
                 ND_PRINT("%s ",
@@ -1991,10 +1959,8 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                               GET_BE_U_2(tptr + i + 2) :
                               GET_BE_U_4(tptr + i + 2)));
             }
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_close_values,
                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr + 1);
             tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size;
         }
         break;
@@ -2002,7 +1968,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         if (len != 4)
             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
         else {
-            ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
         }
         break;
@@ -2011,7 +1976,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         if (len != 4)
             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
         else {
-            ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("%u", GET_BE_U_4(tptr));
         }
         break;
@@ -2045,7 +2009,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
             break;
         }
-        ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
         ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
                   as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(tptr)),
                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 4));
@@ -2087,7 +2050,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
             break;
         }
-        ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
         break;
     case BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST:
@@ -2096,7 +2058,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             break;
         }
         while (tlen != 0) {
-            ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
             if (tlen < 4)
                 goto trunc;
             ND_PRINT("%s%s",
@@ -2137,37 +2098,34 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     ND_PRINT(", " );
                 }
                 switch(af<<8 | safi) {
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)) {
                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
                         tptr += tnhlen;
                         tlen -= tnhlen;
                         tnhlen = 0;
                     } else {
-                        ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, sizeof(nd_ipv4));
                         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
                     }
                     break;
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
                         tptr += tnhlen;
                         tlen -= tnhlen;
                         tnhlen = 0;
                     } else {
-                        ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr,
-                                      sizeof(nd_ipv4) + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
                                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
@@ -2176,34 +2134,31 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
                     }
                     break;
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)) {
                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
                         tptr += tnhlen;
                         tlen -= tnhlen;
                         tnhlen = 0;
                     } else {
-                        ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, sizeof(nd_ipv6));
                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr));
                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv6);
                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
                     }
                     break;
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
-                case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
+                case (AFNUM_IP6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
                         tptr += tnhlen;
                         tlen -= tnhlen;
                         tnhlen = 0;
                     } else {
-                        ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr,
-                                      sizeof(nd_ipv6) + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
                                   GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
@@ -2222,7 +2177,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                         tlen -= tnhlen;
                         tnhlen = 0;
                     } else {
-                        ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, sizeof(nd_ipv4));
                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
@@ -2232,7 +2186,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
-                    ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, tnhlen);
                     ND_PRINT("%s", GET_ISONSAP_STRING(tptr, tnhlen));
                     tptr += tnhlen;
                     tlen -= tnhlen;
@@ -2273,7 +2226,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     tlen -= tnhlen;
                     tnhlen = 0;
                     goto done;
-                    break;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2282,7 +2234,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         /* As per RFC 2858; this is reserved in RFC 4760 */
         if (tlen < 1)
             goto trunc;
-        ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
         snpa = GET_U_1(tptr);
         tptr++;
         tlen--;
@@ -2291,9 +2242,8 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %u SNPA", snpa);
             for (/*nothing*/; snpa != 0; snpa--) {
                 uint8_t snpalen;
-               if (tlen < 1)
-                   goto trunc;
-                ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
+               if (tlen < 1)
+                   goto trunc;
                 snpalen = GET_U_1(tptr);
                 ND_PRINT("\n\t      %u bytes", snpalen);
                 tptr++;
@@ -2308,11 +2258,13 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             ND_PRINT(", no SNPA");
         }
 
-        add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 32);
-        add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 128);
+        add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
+                                   (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 32);
+        add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
+                                   (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 128);
 
         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
-            advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
+            advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len,
                     add_path4, add_path6);
             if (advance == -2)
                 goto trunc;
@@ -2335,11 +2287,13 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
 
         tptr += 3;
 
-        add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 32);
-        add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 128);
+        add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
+                                   (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 32);
+        add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
+                                   (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 128);
 
         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
-            advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
+            advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len,
                     add_path4, add_path6);
             if (advance == -2)
                 goto trunc;
@@ -2400,32 +2354,27 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         switch (tunnel_type) {
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM: /* fall through */
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR:
-            ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Sender %s, P-Group %s",
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
             break;
 
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM:
-            ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, P-Group %s",
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
             break;
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS:
-            ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Tunnel-Endpoint %s",
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
             break;
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP: /* fall through */
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP:
-            ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, LSP-ID 0x%08x",
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
             break;
         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP:
-            ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Extended-Tunnel-ID %s, P2MP-ID 0x%08x",
                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
@@ -2443,9 +2392,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         uint16_t length;
 
         while (tlen >= 3) {
-
-            ND_TCHECK_3(tptr);
-
             type = GET_U_1(tptr);
             length = GET_BE_U_2(tptr + 1);
             tptr += 3;
@@ -2462,7 +2408,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             /*
              * Check if we can read the TLV data.
              */
-            ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 3, length);
             if (tlen < length)
                 goto trunc;
 
@@ -2526,11 +2471,8 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                       alen);
 
             if (aflags) {
-                ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
-                          aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
+                ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s",
+                         bittok2str_nosep(bgp_flags, "", aflags));
                 if (aflags & 0xf)
                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
                 ND_PRINT("]");
@@ -2566,7 +2508,6 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         }
         ND_PRINT("\n\t    ");
         while (len != 0) {
-            ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, 12);
             ND_PRINT("%u:%u:%u%s",
                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr),
                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4),
@@ -2580,6 +2521,83 @@ bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             len -= 12;
         }
         break;
+    case BGPTYPE_BGPSEC_PATH:
+    {
+        uint16_t sblen, splen;
+
+        splen = GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
+
+        /*
+         * A secure path has a minimum length of 8 bytes:
+         * 2 bytes length field
+         * 6 bytes per secure path segment
+         */
+        ND_ICHECKMSG_U("secure path length", splen, <, 8);
+
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t    Secure Path Length: %u", splen);
+
+        tptr += 2;
+        splen -= 2;
+        /* Make sure the secure path length does not signal trailing bytes */
+        if (splen % 6) {
+            ND_PRINT(" [total segments length %u != N x 6]", splen);
+            goto invalid;
+        }
+
+        /* Parse secure path segments */
+        while (splen != 0) {
+            uint8_t pcount = GET_U_1(tptr);
+            uint8_t flags = GET_U_1(tptr + 1);
+            uint32_t asn = GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 2);
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t      Secure Path Segment: pCount: %u, Flags: [%s] (0x%02x), AS: %u",
+                     pcount,
+                     bittok2str(bgp_bgpsec_bitmap_str, "none", flags),
+                     flags,
+                     asn);
+            tptr += 6;
+            splen -= 6;
+        }
+
+        sblen = GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
+
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t    Signature Block: Length: %u, Algo ID: %u",
+                 sblen,
+                 GET_U_1(tptr + 2));
+
+        tptr += 3;
+        sblen -= 3;
+        /* Parse signature segments */
+        while (sblen != 0) {
+            uint16_t siglen;
+
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t      Signature Segment:\n\t        SKI: ");
+            ND_ICHECKMSG_U("remaining length", sblen, <, 20);
+            hex_print(ndo, "\n\t          ", tptr, 20);
+            tptr += 20;
+            sblen -= 20;
+            ND_ICHECKMSG_U("remaining length", sblen, <, 2);
+            siglen = GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
+            tptr += 2;
+            sblen -= 2;
+
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t        Length: %u", siglen);
+            ND_ICHECKMSG_U("remaining length", sblen, <, siglen);
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t        Signature:");
+            hex_print(ndo, "\n\t          ", tptr, siglen);
+            tptr += siglen;
+            sblen -= siglen;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BGPTYPE_OTC:
+    {
+        if (len < 4) {
+            ND_PRINT("invalid len");
+            break;
+        }
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t    OTC %u", GET_BE_U_4(pptr));
+        break;
+    }
     default:
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
         ND_PRINT("\n\t    no Attribute %u decoder", atype); /* we have no decoder for the attribute */
@@ -2594,6 +2612,10 @@ done:
     }
     return 1;
 
+invalid:
+    nd_print_invalid(ndo);
+    return 1;
+
 trunc:
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2602,6 +2624,8 @@ static void
 bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                        const u_char *opt, u_int caps_len)
 {
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     u_int cap_type, cap_len, tcap_len, cap_offset;
     u_int i = 0;
 
@@ -2627,6 +2651,23 @@ bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1(opt + i + 5)),
                GET_U_1(opt + i + 5));
             break;
+        case BGP_CAPCODE_BGPSEC:
+            /* Version (4 bits), Direction (1 bit), Flags (3 bits), AFI (16 bits) */
+            cap_offset = 1;
+            /* The capability length [...] MUST be set to 3. */
+            if (cap_len != 3) {
+                ND_PRINT(" [%u != 3]", cap_len);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t\tVersion %u, Direction %s (%u), AFI %s (%u)",
+                      GET_U_1(opt + i + 2)&0xf0,
+                      (GET_U_1(opt + i + 2)&0x08) ? "Send" : "Receive",
+                      (GET_U_1(opt + i + 2)&0x08)>>3,
+                      bittok2str(af_values, "Unknown",
+                                  GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
+                      GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset + 2));
+            break;
         case BGP_CAPCODE_ML:
             cap_offset = 2;
             tcap_len = cap_len;
@@ -2651,7 +2692,8 @@ bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
             }
             tcap_len=cap_len;
             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tRestart Flags: [%s], Restart Time %us",
-                      ((GET_U_1(opt + i + 2))&0x80) ? "R" : "none",
+                      bittok2str(bgp_graceful_restart_comm_flag_values,
+                                 "none", GET_U_1(opt + i + 2) >> 4),
                       GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2)&0xfff);
             tcap_len-=2;
             cap_offset=4;
@@ -2668,9 +2710,20 @@ bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                 cap_offset += 4;
             }
             break;
+        case BGP_CAPCODE_ROLE:
+            if (cap_len < 1) {
+                ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 1)");
+                return;
+            }
+            ND_PRINT("\n\t\tRole name %s (%u)",
+                     tok2str(bgp_role_values, "Unassigned",
+                             GET_U_1(opt + i + 2)), GET_U_1(opt + i + 2));
+            break;
         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR:
         case BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR:
         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO:
+        case BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_MSG:
+        case BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR:
             break;
         case BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW:
             /*
@@ -2730,11 +2783,17 @@ static void
 bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                const u_char *dat, u_int length)
 {
+    /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
+    char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
     const struct bgp_open *bgp_open_header;
     u_int optslen;
+    uint8_t opsttype;
     const struct bgp_opt *bgpopt;
     const u_char *opt;
     u_int i;
+    uint8_t extended_opt_params = 0;
+    u_int open_size = BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
+    u_int opt_size = BGP_OPT_SIZE;
 
     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_OPEN_SIZE);
     if (length < BGP_OPEN_SIZE)
@@ -2750,22 +2809,32 @@ bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_holdtime));
     ND_PRINT("ID %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(bgp_open_header->bgpo_id));
     optslen = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen);
-    ND_PRINT("\n\t  Optional parameters, length: %u", optslen);
+    opsttype = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_opttype);
+    if (opsttype == BGP_OPEN_NON_EXT_OPT_TYPE_EXTENDED_LENGTH) {
+        optslen = GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen_extended);
+        extended_opt_params = 1;
+        open_size += 3;
+        opt_size += 1;
+    }
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t  Optional parameters%s, length: %u",
+             extended_opt_params ? " (Extended)" : "", optslen);
 
-    opt = dat + BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
-    length -= BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
+    opt = dat + open_size;
+    length -= open_size;
 
     i = 0;
     while (i < optslen) {
-        uint8_t opt_type, opt_len;
+        uint8_t opt_type;
+        uint16_t opt_len;
 
-        ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_OPT_SIZE);
-        if (length < BGP_OPT_SIZE + i)
+        ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, opt_size);
+        if (length < opt_size + i)
             goto trunc;
         bgpopt = (const struct bgp_opt *)(opt + i);
         opt_type = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_type);
-        opt_len = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
-        if (BGP_OPT_SIZE + i + opt_len > optslen) {
+        opt_len = extended_opt_params ? GET_BE_U_2(bgpopt->bgpopt_len)
+                                      : GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
+        if (opt_size + i + opt_len > optslen) {
             ND_PRINT("\n\t     Option %u, length: %u, goes past the end of the options",
                       opt_type, opt_len);
             break;
@@ -2780,7 +2849,7 @@ bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
         switch(opt_type) {
 
         case BGP_OPT_CAP:
-            bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + BGP_OPT_SIZE + i,
+            bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + opt_size + i,
                                    opt_len);
             break;
 
@@ -2790,7 +2859,7 @@ bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                opt_type);
                break;
         }
-        i += BGP_OPT_SIZE + opt_len;
+        i += opt_size + opt_len;
     }
     return;
 trunc:
@@ -2803,7 +2872,7 @@ bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
 {
     const u_char *p;
     u_int withdrawn_routes_len;
-    char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
+    char buf[512];
     int wpfx;
     u_int len;
     int i;
@@ -2851,8 +2920,6 @@ bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
                 break;
             } else if (wpfx == -2)
-                goto trunc;
-            else if (wpfx == -3)
                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
             else {
                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
@@ -2886,6 +2953,9 @@ bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
     }
 
     if (len) {
+        /* Make sure the path attributes don't go past the end of the packet */
+        if (length < len)
+            goto trunc;
         /* do something more useful!*/
         while (len) {
             uint8_t aflags, atype, alenlen;
@@ -2926,11 +2996,8 @@ bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                       alen);
 
             if (aflags) {
-                ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
-                          aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
-                          aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
+                ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s",
+                         bittok2str_nosep(bgp_flags, "", aflags));
                 if (aflags & 0xf)
                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
                 ND_PRINT("]: ");
@@ -2968,8 +3035,6 @@ bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
                 break;
             } else if (i == -2)
-                goto trunc;
-            else if (i == -3)
                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
             else {
                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
@@ -2987,23 +3052,10 @@ trunc:
 }
 
 static void
-bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
-                       const u_char *dat, u_int length)
+bgp_notification_print_code(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                            const u_char *dat, u_int length,
+                            uint8_t bgpn_major, uint8_t bgpn_minor)
 {
-    const struct bgp_notification *bgp_notification_header;
-    const u_char *tptr;
-    uint8_t bgpn_major, bgpn_minor;
-    uint8_t shutdown_comm_length;
-    uint8_t remainder_offset;
-
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE);
-    if (length<BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE)
-        return;
-
-    bgp_notification_header = (const struct bgp_notification *)dat;
-    bgpn_major = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_major);
-    bgpn_minor = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_minor);
-
     ND_PRINT(", %s (%u)",
               tok2str(bgp_notify_major_values, "Unknown Error",
                       bgpn_major),
@@ -3035,9 +3087,9 @@ bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                           bgpn_minor),
                   bgpn_minor);
         break;
-    case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP:
+    case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_ROUTEREFRESH:
         ND_PRINT(" subcode %s (%u)",
-                  tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_cap_values, "Unknown",
+                  tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_routerefresh_values, "Unknown",
                           bgpn_minor),
                   bgpn_minor);
         break;
@@ -3047,59 +3099,84 @@ bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                           bgpn_minor),
                   bgpn_minor);
 
-        /* draft-ietf-idr-cease-subcode-02 mentions optionally 7 bytes
+        /* RFC 4486 mentions optionally 7 bytes
          * for the maxprefix subtype, which may contain AFI, SAFI and MAXPREFIXES
          */
-        if(bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX && length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 7) {
-            tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
-            ND_TCHECK_7(tptr);
+        if(bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX && length >= 7) {
             ND_PRINT(", AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Max Prefixes: %u",
-                      tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(tptr)),
-                      GET_BE_U_2(tptr),
-                      tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1((tptr + 2))),
-                      GET_U_1((tptr + 2)),
-                      GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 3));
+                      tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(dat)),
+                      GET_BE_U_2(dat),
+                      tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1((dat + 2))),
+                      GET_U_1((dat + 2)),
+                      GET_BE_U_4(dat + 3));
         }
         /*
-         * draft-ietf-idr-shutdown describes a method to send a communication
+         * RFC 9003 describes a method to send a communication
          * intended for human consumption regarding the Administrative Shutdown
          */
         if ((bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT ||
              bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET) &&
-             length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1) {
-            tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
-            ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
-            shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(tptr);
-            remainder_offset = 0;
+             length >= 1) {
+            uint8_t shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(dat);
+            uint8_t remainder_offset = 0;
             /* garbage, hexdump it all */
-            if (shutdown_comm_length > BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN_LEN ||
-                shutdown_comm_length > length - (BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1)) {
+            if (shutdown_comm_length > length - 1) {
                 ND_PRINT(", invalid Shutdown Communication length");
-            }
-            else if (shutdown_comm_length == 0) {
+            } else if (shutdown_comm_length == 0) {
                 ND_PRINT(", empty Shutdown Communication");
                 remainder_offset += 1;
             }
             /* a proper shutdown communication */
             else {
-                ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 1, shutdown_comm_length);
                 ND_PRINT(", Shutdown Communication (length: %u): \"", shutdown_comm_length);
-                (void)nd_printn(ndo, tptr+1, shutdown_comm_length, NULL);
+                nd_printjn(ndo, dat+1, shutdown_comm_length);
                 ND_PRINT("\"");
                 remainder_offset += shutdown_comm_length + 1;
             }
             /* if there is trailing data, hexdump it */
-            if(length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE) > 0) {
-                ND_PRINT(", Data: (length: %u)", length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
-                hex_print(ndo, "\n\t\t", tptr + remainder_offset, length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
+            if(length - remainder_offset > 0) {
+                ND_PRINT(", Data: (length: %u)", length - remainder_offset);
+                hex_print(ndo, "\n\t\t", dat + remainder_offset, length - remainder_offset);
             }
         }
+        /*
+         * RFC8538 describes the Hard Reset cease subcode, which contains another
+         * notification code and subcode.
+         */
+        if (bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_HARDRESET && length >= 2) {
+            bgpn_major = GET_U_1(dat++);
+            bgpn_minor = GET_U_1(dat++);
+            length -= 2;
+            bgp_notification_print_code(ndo, dat, length, bgpn_major, bgpn_minor);
+        }
         break;
     default:
+        if (bgpn_minor != 0) {
+            ND_PRINT(", subcode %u", bgpn_minor);
+        }
         break;
     }
 
     return;
+}
+
+static void
+bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
+                       const u_char *dat, u_int length)
+{
+    const struct bgp_notification *bgp_notification_header;
+    uint8_t bgpn_major, bgpn_minor;
+
+    ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE);
+    if (length<BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE)
+        return;
+
+    bgp_notification_header = (const struct bgp_notification *)dat;
+    bgpn_major = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_major);
+    bgpn_minor = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_minor);
+    bgp_notification_print_code(ndo, dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE,
+                                length - BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE, bgpn_major, bgpn_minor);
+    return;
 trunc:
     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
 }
@@ -3110,21 +3187,37 @@ bgp_route_refresh_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
 {
     const struct bgp_route_refresh *bgp_route_refresh_header;
 
-    ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE);
-
     /* some little sanity checking */
     if (len<BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE)
         return;
 
     bgp_route_refresh_header = (const struct bgp_route_refresh *)pptr;
 
-    ND_PRINT("\n\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
-              tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
-                      GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
-              GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
-              tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
-                      GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
-              GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi));
+    ND_PRINT("\n\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Subtype %s (%u)",
+             tok2str(af_values, "Unknown",
+                     GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
+             GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
+             tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown",
+                     GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
+             GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi),
+             tok2str(bgp_route_refresh_subtype_values, "Unknown",
+                     GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->subtype)),
+             GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->subtype));
+
+    /* ORF */
+    if (len >= BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE_ORF) {
+        const struct bgp_route_refresh_orf *orf_header;
+
+        orf_header =
+          (const struct bgp_route_refresh_orf *)(pptr + BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE);
+
+        ND_PRINT("\n\t  ORF refresh %s (%u), ORF type %s (%u), ORF length %u",
+                 tok2str(bgp_orf_refresh_type, "Unknown",
+                         GET_U_1(orf_header->refresh)),
+                 GET_U_1(orf_header->refresh),
+                 tok2str(bgp_orf_type, "Unknown", GET_U_1(orf_header->type)),
+                 GET_U_1(orf_header->type), GET_BE_U_2(orf_header->len));
+    }
 
     if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1) {
         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);