Skip the LLC and SNAP headers with -x.

[tcpdump] / print-802_11.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001
 *      Fortress Technologies, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *      Charlie Lenahan (clenahan@fortresstech.com)
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 * written permission.
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <tcpdump-stdinc.h>

#include <string.h>

#include "interface.h"
#include "addrtoname.h"

#include "extract.h"

#include "cpack.h"


/* Lengths of 802.11 header components. */
#define IEEE802_11_FC_LEN               2
#define IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN              2
#define IEEE802_11_DA_LEN               6
#define IEEE802_11_SA_LEN               6
#define IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN            6
#define IEEE802_11_RA_LEN               6
#define IEEE802_11_TA_LEN               6
#define IEEE802_11_ADDR1_LEN            6
#define IEEE802_11_SEQ_LEN              2
#define IEEE802_11_CTL_LEN              2
#define IEEE802_11_CARRIED_FC_LEN       2
#define IEEE802_11_HT_CONTROL_LEN       4
#define IEEE802_11_IV_LEN               3
#define IEEE802_11_KID_LEN              1

/* Frame check sequence length. */
#define IEEE802_11_FCS_LEN              4

/* Lengths of beacon components. */
#define IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN           8
#define IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN           2
#define IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN          2
#define IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN        2

#define IEEE802_11_AID_LEN              2
#define IEEE802_11_STATUS_LEN           2
#define IEEE802_11_REASON_LEN           2

/* Length of previous AP in reassocation frame */
#define IEEE802_11_AP_LEN               6

#define T_MGMT 0x0  /* management */
#define T_CTRL 0x1  /* control */
#define T_DATA 0x2 /* data */
#define T_RESV 0x3  /* reserved */

#define ST_ASSOC_REQUEST        0x0
#define ST_ASSOC_RESPONSE       0x1
#define ST_REASSOC_REQUEST      0x2
#define ST_REASSOC_RESPONSE     0x3
#define ST_PROBE_REQUEST        0x4
#define ST_PROBE_RESPONSE       0x5
/* RESERVED                     0x6  */
/* RESERVED                     0x7  */
#define ST_BEACON               0x8
#define ST_ATIM                 0x9
#define ST_DISASSOC             0xA
#define ST_AUTH                 0xB
#define ST_DEAUTH               0xC
#define ST_ACTION               0xD
/* RESERVED                     0xE  */
/* RESERVED                     0xF  */

static const struct tok st_str[] = {
        { ST_ASSOC_REQUEST,    "Assoc Request"    },
        { ST_ASSOC_RESPONSE,   "Assoc Response"   },
        { ST_REASSOC_REQUEST,  "ReAssoc Request"  },
        { ST_REASSOC_RESPONSE, "ReAssoc Response" },
        { ST_PROBE_REQUEST,    "Probe Request"    },
        { ST_PROBE_RESPONSE,   "Probe Response"   },
        { ST_BEACON,           "Beacon"           },
        { ST_ATIM,             "ATIM"             },
        { ST_DISASSOC,         "Disassociation"   },
        { ST_AUTH,             "Authentication"   },
        { ST_DEAUTH,           "DeAuthentication" },
        { ST_ACTION,           "Action"           },
        { 0, NULL }
};

#define CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER    0x7
#define CTRL_BAR        0x8
#define CTRL_BA         0x9
#define CTRL_PS_POLL    0xA
#define CTRL_RTS        0xB
#define CTRL_CTS        0xC
#define CTRL_ACK        0xD
#define CTRL_CF_END     0xE
#define CTRL_END_ACK    0xF

static const struct tok ctrl_str[] = {
        { CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER, "Control Wrapper" },
        { CTRL_BAR,             "BAR"             },
        { CTRL_BA,              "BA"              },
        { CTRL_PS_POLL,         "Power Save-Poll" },
        { CTRL_RTS,             "Request-To-Send" },
        { CTRL_CTS,             "Clear-To-Send"   },
        { CTRL_ACK,             "Acknowledgment"  },
        { CTRL_CF_END,          "CF-End"          },
        { CTRL_END_ACK,         "CF-End+CF-Ack"   },
        { 0, NULL }
};

#define DATA_DATA                       0x0
#define DATA_DATA_CF_ACK                0x1
#define DATA_DATA_CF_POLL               0x2
#define DATA_DATA_CF_ACK_POLL           0x3
#define DATA_NODATA                     0x4
#define DATA_NODATA_CF_ACK              0x5
#define DATA_NODATA_CF_POLL             0x6
#define DATA_NODATA_CF_ACK_POLL         0x7

#define DATA_QOS_DATA                   0x8
#define DATA_QOS_DATA_CF_ACK            0x9
#define DATA_QOS_DATA_CF_POLL           0xA
#define DATA_QOS_DATA_CF_ACK_POLL       0xB
#define DATA_QOS_NODATA                 0xC
#define DATA_QOS_CF_POLL_NODATA         0xE
#define DATA_QOS_CF_ACK_POLL_NODATA     0xF

/*
 * The subtype field of a data frame is, in effect, composed of 4 flag
 * bits - CF-Ack, CF-Poll, Null (means the frame doesn't actually have
 * any data), and QoS.
 */
#define DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_ACK(x)         ((x) & 0x01)
#define DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_POLL(x)        ((x) & 0x02)
#define DATA_FRAME_IS_NULL(x)           ((x) & 0x04)
#define DATA_FRAME_IS_QOS(x)            ((x) & 0x08)

/*
 * Bits in the frame control field.
 */
#define FC_VERSION(fc)          ((fc) & 0x3)
#define FC_TYPE(fc)             (((fc) >> 2) & 0x3)
#define FC_SUBTYPE(fc)          (((fc) >> 4) & 0xF)
#define FC_TO_DS(fc)            ((fc) & 0x0100)
#define FC_FROM_DS(fc)          ((fc) & 0x0200)
#define FC_MORE_FLAG(fc)        ((fc) & 0x0400)
#define FC_RETRY(fc)            ((fc) & 0x0800)
#define FC_POWER_MGMT(fc)       ((fc) & 0x1000)
#define FC_MORE_DATA(fc)        ((fc) & 0x2000)
#define FC_PROTECTED(fc)        ((fc) & 0x4000)
#define FC_ORDER(fc)            ((fc) & 0x8000)

struct mgmt_header_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         da[IEEE802_11_DA_LEN];
        uint8_t         sa[IEEE802_11_SA_LEN];
        uint8_t         bssid[IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN];
        uint16_t        seq_ctrl;
};

#define MGMT_HDRLEN     (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                         IEEE802_11_DA_LEN+IEEE802_11_SA_LEN+\
                         IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN+IEEE802_11_SEQ_LEN)

#define CAPABILITY_ESS(cap)     ((cap) & 0x0001)
#define CAPABILITY_IBSS(cap)    ((cap) & 0x0002)
#define CAPABILITY_CFP(cap)     ((cap) & 0x0004)
#define CAPABILITY_CFP_REQ(cap) ((cap) & 0x0008)
#define CAPABILITY_PRIVACY(cap) ((cap) & 0x0010)

struct ssid_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        u_char          ssid[33];  /* 32 + 1 for null */
};

struct rates_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint8_t         rate[16];
};

struct challenge_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint8_t         text[254]; /* 1-253 + 1 for null */
};

struct fh_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint16_t        dwell_time;
        uint8_t         hop_set;
        uint8_t         hop_pattern;
        uint8_t         hop_index;
};

struct ds_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint8_t         channel;
};

struct cf_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint8_t         count;
        uint8_t         period;
        uint16_t        max_duration;
        uint16_t        dur_remaing;
};

struct tim_t {
        uint8_t         element_id;
        uint8_t         length;
        uint8_t         count;
        uint8_t         period;
        uint8_t         bitmap_control;
        uint8_t         bitmap[251];
};

#define E_SSID          0
#define E_RATES         1
#define E_FH            2
#define E_DS            3
#define E_CF            4
#define E_TIM           5
#define E_IBSS          6
/* reserved             7 */
/* reserved             8 */
/* reserved             9 */
/* reserved             10 */
/* reserved             11 */
/* reserved             12 */
/* reserved             13 */
/* reserved             14 */
/* reserved             15 */
/* reserved             16 */

#define E_CHALLENGE     16
/* reserved             17 */
/* reserved             18 */
/* reserved             19 */
/* reserved             16 */
/* reserved             16 */


struct mgmt_body_t {
        uint8_t         timestamp[IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN];
        uint16_t        beacon_interval;
        uint16_t        listen_interval;
        uint16_t        status_code;
        uint16_t        aid;
        u_char          ap[IEEE802_11_AP_LEN];
        uint16_t        reason_code;
        uint16_t        auth_alg;
        uint16_t        auth_trans_seq_num;
        int             challenge_present;
        struct challenge_t  challenge;
        uint16_t        capability_info;
        int             ssid_present;
        struct ssid_t   ssid;
        int             rates_present;
        struct rates_t  rates;
        int             ds_present;
        struct ds_t     ds;
        int             cf_present;
        struct cf_t     cf;
        int             fh_present;
        struct fh_t     fh;
        int             tim_present;
        struct tim_t    tim;
};

struct ctrl_control_wrapper_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         addr1[IEEE802_11_ADDR1_LEN];
        uint16_t        carried_fc[IEEE802_11_CARRIED_FC_LEN];
        uint16_t        ht_control[IEEE802_11_HT_CONTROL_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER_HDRLEN     (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                                         IEEE802_11_ADDR1_LEN+\
                                         IEEE802_11_CARRIED_FC_LEN+\
                                         IEEE802_11_HT_CONTROL_LEN)

struct ctrl_rts_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
        uint8_t         ta[IEEE802_11_TA_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_RTS_HDRLEN (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                         IEEE802_11_RA_LEN+IEEE802_11_TA_LEN)

struct ctrl_cts_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_CTS_HDRLEN (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+IEEE802_11_RA_LEN)

struct ctrl_ack_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_ACK_HDRLEN (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+IEEE802_11_RA_LEN)

struct ctrl_ps_poll_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        aid;
        uint8_t         bssid[IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN];
        uint8_t         ta[IEEE802_11_TA_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_PS_POLL_HDRLEN     (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_AID_LEN+\
                                 IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN+IEEE802_11_TA_LEN)

struct ctrl_end_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
        uint8_t         bssid[IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_END_HDRLEN (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                         IEEE802_11_RA_LEN+IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN)

struct ctrl_end_ack_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
        uint8_t         bssid[IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_END_ACK_HDRLEN     (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                                 IEEE802_11_RA_LEN+IEEE802_11_BSSID_LEN)

struct ctrl_ba_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        duration;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
};

#define CTRL_BA_HDRLEN  (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+IEEE802_11_RA_LEN)

struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t {
        uint16_t        fc;
        uint16_t        dur;
        uint8_t         ra[IEEE802_11_RA_LEN];
        uint8_t         ta[IEEE802_11_TA_LEN];
        uint16_t        ctl;
        uint16_t        seq;
};

#define CTRL_BAR_HDRLEN         (IEEE802_11_FC_LEN+IEEE802_11_DUR_LEN+\
                                 IEEE802_11_RA_LEN+IEEE802_11_TA_LEN+\
                                 IEEE802_11_CTL_LEN+IEEE802_11_SEQ_LEN)

struct meshcntl_t {
        uint8_t         flags;
        uint8_t         ttl;
        uint8_t         seq[4];
        uint8_t         addr4[6];
        uint8_t         addr5[6];
        uint8_t         addr6[6];
};

#define IV_IV(iv)       ((iv) & 0xFFFFFF)
#define IV_PAD(iv)      (((iv) >> 24) & 0x3F)
#define IV_KEYID(iv)    (((iv) >> 30) & 0x03)

/* $FreeBSD: src/sys/net80211/ieee80211_radiotap.h,v 1.5 2005/01/22 20:12:05 sam Exp $ */
/* NetBSD: ieee802_11_radio.h,v 1.2 2006/02/26 03:04:03 dyoung Exp  */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 David Young.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of David Young may not be used to endorse or promote
 *    products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID
 * YOUNG BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/* A generic radio capture format is desirable. It must be
 * rigidly defined (e.g., units for fields should be given),
 * and easily extensible.
 *
 * The following is an extensible radio capture format. It is
 * based on a bitmap indicating which fields are present.
 *
 * I am trying to describe precisely what the application programmer
 * should expect in the following, and for that reason I tell the
 * units and origin of each measurement (where it applies), or else I
 * use sufficiently weaselly language ("is a monotonically nondecreasing
 * function of...") that I cannot set false expectations for lawyerly
 * readers.
 */

/*
 * The radio capture header precedes the 802.11 header.
 *
 * Note well: all radiotap fields are little-endian.
 */
struct ieee80211_radiotap_header {
        uint8_t         it_version;     /* Version 0. Only increases
                                         * for drastic changes,
                                         * introduction of compatible
                                         * new fields does not count.
                                         */
        uint8_t         it_pad;
        uint16_t       it_len;         /* length of the whole
                                         * header in bytes, including
                                         * it_version, it_pad,
                                         * it_len, and data fields.
                                         */
        uint32_t       it_present;     /* A bitmap telling which
                                         * fields are present. Set bit 31
                                         * (0x80000000) to extend the
                                         * bitmap by another 32 bits.
                                         * Additional extensions are made
                                         * by setting bit 31.
                                         */
};

/* Name                                 Data type       Units
 * ----                                 ---------       -----
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TSFT              uint64_t       microseconds
 *
 *      Value in microseconds of the MAC's 64-bit 802.11 Time
 *      Synchronization Function timer when the first bit of the
 *      MPDU arrived at the MAC. For received frames, only.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL           2 x uint16_t   MHz, bitmap
 *
 *      Tx/Rx frequency in MHz, followed by flags (see below).
 *      Note that IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL must be used to
 *      represent an HT channel as there is not enough room in
 *      the flags word.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FHSS              uint16_t       see below
 *
 *      For frequency-hopping radios, the hop set (first byte)
 *      and pattern (second byte).
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE              uint8_t        500kb/s or index
 *
 *      Tx/Rx data rate.  If bit 0x80 is set then it represents an
 *      an MCS index and not an IEEE rate.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL     int8_t          decibels from
 *                                                      one milliwatt (dBm)
 *
 *      RF signal power at the antenna, decibel difference from
 *      one milliwatt.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE      int8_t          decibels from
 *                                                      one milliwatt (dBm)
 *
 *      RF noise power at the antenna, decibel difference from one
 *      milliwatt.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTSIGNAL      uint8_t        decibel (dB)
 *
 *      RF signal power at the antenna, decibel difference from an
 *      arbitrary, fixed reference.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTNOISE       uint8_t        decibel (dB)
 *
 *      RF noise power at the antenna, decibel difference from an
 *      arbitrary, fixed reference point.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_LOCK_QUALITY      uint16_t       unitless
 *
 *      Quality of Barker code lock. Unitless. Monotonically
 *      nondecreasing with "better" lock strength. Called "Signal
 *      Quality" in datasheets.  (Is there a standard way to measure
 *      this?)
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_ATTENUATION    uint16_t       unitless
 *
 *      Transmit power expressed as unitless distance from max
 *      power set at factory calibration.  0 is max power.
 *      Monotonically nondecreasing with lower power levels.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_TX_ATTENUATION uint16_t       decibels (dB)
 *
 *      Transmit power expressed as decibel distance from max power
 *      set at factory calibration.  0 is max power.  Monotonically
 *      nondecreasing with lower power levels.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER      int8_t          decibels from
 *                                                      one milliwatt (dBm)
 *
 *      Transmit power expressed as dBm (decibels from a 1 milliwatt
 *      reference). This is the absolute power level measured at
 *      the antenna port.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS             uint8_t        bitmap
 *
 *      Properties of transmitted and received frames. See flags
 *      defined below.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA           uint8_t        antenna index
 *
 *      Unitless indication of the Rx/Tx antenna for this packet.
 *      The first antenna is antenna 0.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RX_FLAGS          uint16_t       bitmap
 *
 *     Properties of received frames. See flags defined below.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL          uint32_t        bitmap
 *                                      uint16_t        MHz
 *                                      uint8_t         channel number
 *                                      uint8_t         .5 dBm
 *
 *      Extended channel specification: flags (see below) followed by
 *      frequency in MHz, the corresponding IEEE channel number, and
 *      finally the maximum regulatory transmit power cap in .5 dBm
 *      units.  This property supersedes IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL
 *      and only one of the two should be present.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS               uint8_t         known
 *                                      uint8_t         flags
 *                                      uint8_t         mcs
 *
 *      Bitset indicating which fields have known values, followed
 *      by bitset of flag values, followed by the MCS rate index as
 *      in IEEE 802.11n.
 *
 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VENDOR_NAMESPACE
 *                                      uint8_t  OUI[3]
 *                                   uint8_t  subspace
 *                                   uint16_t length
 *
 *     The Vendor Namespace Field contains three sub-fields. The first
 *     sub-field is 3 bytes long. It contains the vendor's IEEE 802
 *     Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). The fourth byte is a
 *     vendor-specific "namespace selector."
 *
 */
enum ieee80211_radiotap_type {
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TSFT = 0,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS = 1,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE = 2,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL = 3,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FHSS = 4,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL = 5,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE = 6,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_LOCK_QUALITY = 7,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_ATTENUATION = 8,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_TX_ATTENUATION = 9,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER = 10,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA = 11,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTSIGNAL = 12,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTNOISE = 13,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RX_FLAGS = 14,
        /* NB: gap for netbsd definitions */
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL = 18,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS = 19,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_NAMESPACE = 29,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VENDOR_NAMESPACE = 30,
        IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_EXT = 31
};

/* channel attributes */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_TURBO    0x00010 /* Turbo channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_CCK      0x00020 /* CCK channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_OFDM     0x00040 /* OFDM channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ     0x00080 /* 2 GHz spectrum channel. */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_5GHZ     0x00100 /* 5 GHz spectrum channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_PASSIVE  0x00200 /* Only passive scan allowed */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_DYN      0x00400 /* Dynamic CCK-OFDM channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_GFSK     0x00800 /* GFSK channel (FHSS PHY) */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_GSM      0x01000 /* 900 MHz spectrum channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_STURBO   0x02000 /* 11a static turbo channel only */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_HALF     0x04000 /* Half rate channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_QUARTER  0x08000 /* Quarter rate channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_HT20     0x10000 /* HT 20 channel */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_HT40U    0x20000 /* HT 40 channel w/ ext above */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_HT40D    0x40000 /* HT 40 channel w/ ext below */

/* Useful combinations of channel characteristics, borrowed from Ethereal */
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_A \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_5GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_OFDM)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_B \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_CCK)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_G \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_DYN)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_TA \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_5GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_OFDM | IEEE80211_CHAN_TURBO)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_TG \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_DYN  | IEEE80211_CHAN_TURBO)


/* For IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_CFP        0x01    /* sent/received
                                                 * during CFP
                                                 */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_SHORTPRE   0x02    /* sent/received
                                                 * with short
                                                 * preamble
                                                 */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP        0x04    /* sent/received
                                                 * with WEP encryption
                                                 */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG       0x08    /* sent/received
                                                 * with fragmentation
                                                 */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS        0x10    /* frame includes FCS */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_DATAPAD    0x20    /* frame has padding between
                                                 * 802.11 header and payload
                                                 * (to 32-bit boundary)
                                                 */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_BADFCS     0x40    /* does not pass FCS check */

/* For IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RX_FLAGS */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_RX_BADFCS  0x0001  /* frame failed crc check */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_RX_PLCP_CRC        0x0002  /* frame failed PLCP CRC check */

/* For IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS known */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_KNOWN          0x01
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_MCS_INDEX_KNOWN          0x02    /* MCS index field */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_GUARD_INTERVAL_KNOWN     0x04
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_HT_FORMAT_KNOWN          0x08
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_FEC_TYPE_KNOWN           0x10
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_KNOWN               0x20

/* For IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS flags */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_MASK   0x03
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_20     0
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_40     1
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_20L    2
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_20U    3
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SHORT_GI         0x04 /* short guard interval */
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_HT_GREENFIELD    0x08
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_FEC_LDPC         0x10
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_MASK        0x60
#define         IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_1   1
#define         IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_2   2
#define         IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_3   3
#define IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_SHIFT       5

static const char tstr[] = "[|802.11]";

/* Radiotap state */
/*  This is used to save state when parsing/processing parameters */
struct radiotap_state
{
        uint32_t        present;

        uint8_t         rate;
};

#define PRINT_SSID(p) \
        if (p.ssid_present) { \
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " (")); \
                fn_print(ndo, p.ssid.ssid, NULL); \
                ND_PRINT((ndo, ")")); \
        }

#define PRINT_RATE(_sep, _r, _suf) \
        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s%2.1f%s", _sep, (.5 * ((_r) & 0x7f)), _suf))
#define PRINT_RATES(p) \
        if (p.rates_present) { \
                int z; \
                const char *sep = " ["; \
                for (z = 0; z < p.rates.length ; z++) { \
                        PRINT_RATE(sep, p.rates.rate[z], \
                                (p.rates.rate[z] & 0x80 ? "*" : "")); \
                        sep = " "; \
                } \
                if (p.rates.length != 0) \
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " Mbit]")); \
        }

#define PRINT_DS_CHANNEL(p) \
        if (p.ds_present) \
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " CH: %u", p.ds.channel)); \
        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", \
            CAPABILITY_PRIVACY(p.capability_info) ? ", PRIVACY" : ""));

#define MAX_MCS_INDEX   76

/*
 * Indices are:
 *
 *      the MCS index (0-76);
 *
 *      0 for 20 MHz, 1 for 40 MHz;
 *
 *      0 for a long guard interval, 1 for a short guard interval.
 */
static const float ieee80211_float_htrates[MAX_MCS_INDEX+1][2][2] = {
        /* MCS  0  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {    6.5,          /* SGI */    7.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   13.5,          /* SGI */   15.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  1  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   13.0,          /* SGI */   14.4, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   27.0,          /* SGI */   30.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  2  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   19.5,          /* SGI */   21.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   40.5,          /* SGI */   45.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  3  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   26.0,          /* SGI */   28.9, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   54.0,          /* SGI */   60.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  4  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   39.0,          /* SGI */   43.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   81.0,          /* SGI */   90.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  5  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   52.0,          /* SGI */   57.8, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  108.0,          /* SGI */  120.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  6  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   58.5,          /* SGI */   65.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  121.5,          /* SGI */  135.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  7  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   65.0,          /* SGI */   72.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   135.0,         /* SGI */  150.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  8  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   13.0,          /* SGI */   14.4, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   27.0,          /* SGI */   30.0, },
        },

        /* MCS  9  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   26.0,          /* SGI */   28.9, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   54.0,          /* SGI */   60.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 10  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   39.0,          /* SGI */   43.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   81.0,          /* SGI */   90.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 11  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   52.0,          /* SGI */   57.8, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  108.0,          /* SGI */  120.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 12  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 13  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  104.0,          /* SGI */  115.6, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  216.0,          /* SGI */  240.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 14  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 15  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  130.0,          /* SGI */  144.4, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  270.0,          /* SGI */  300.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 16  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   19.5,          /* SGI */   21.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   40.5,          /* SGI */   45.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 17  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   39.0,          /* SGI */   43.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   81.0,          /* SGI */   90.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 18  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   58.5,          /* SGI */   65.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  121.5,          /* SGI */  135.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 19  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 20  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 21  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  156.0,          /* SGI */  173.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  324.0,          /* SGI */  360.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 22  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  175.5,          /* SGI */  195.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  364.5,          /* SGI */  405.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 23  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  195.0,          /* SGI */  216.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  405.0,          /* SGI */  450.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 24  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   26.0,          /* SGI */   28.9, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   54.0,          /* SGI */   60.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 25  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   52.0,          /* SGI */   57.8, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  108.0,          /* SGI */  120.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 26  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 27  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  104.0,          /* SGI */  115.6, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  216.0,          /* SGI */  240.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 28  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  156.0,          /* SGI */  173.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  324.0,          /* SGI */  360.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 29  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  208.0,          /* SGI */  231.1, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  432.0,          /* SGI */  480.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 30  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  234.0,          /* SGI */  260.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  486.0,          /* SGI */  540.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 31  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  260.0,          /* SGI */  288.9, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  540.0,          /* SGI */  600.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 32  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {    0.0,          /* SGI */    0.0, }, /* not valid */
                /* 40 Mhz */ {    6.0,          /* SGI */    6.7, },
        },

        /* MCS 33  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   39.0,          /* SGI */   43.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {   81.0,          /* SGI */   90.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 34  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   52.0,          /* SGI */   57.8, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  108.0,          /* SGI */  120.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 35  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   65.0,          /* SGI */   72.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  135.0,          /* SGI */  150.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 36  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   58.5,          /* SGI */   65.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  121.5,          /* SGI */  135.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 37  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 38  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   97.5,          /* SGI */  108.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  202.5,          /* SGI */  225.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 39  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   52.0,          /* SGI */   57.8, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  108.0,          /* SGI */  120.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 40  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   65.0,          /* SGI */   72.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  135.0,          /* SGI */  150.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 41  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   65.0,          /* SGI */   72.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  135.0,          /* SGI */  150.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 42  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 43  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   91.0,          /* SGI */  101.1, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  189.0,          /* SGI */  210.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 44  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   91.0,          /* SGI */  101.1, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  189.0,          /* SGI */  210.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 45  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  104.0,          /* SGI */  115.6, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  216.0,          /* SGI */  240.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 46  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 47  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   97.5,          /* SGI */  108.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  202.5,          /* SGI */  225.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 48  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   97.5,          /* SGI */  108.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  202.5,          /* SGI */  225.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 49  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 50  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  136.5,          /* SGI */  151.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  283.5,          /* SGI */  315.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 51  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  136.5,          /* SGI */  151.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  283.5,          /* SGI */  315.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 52  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  156.0,          /* SGI */  173.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  324.0,          /* SGI */  360.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 53  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   65.0,          /* SGI */   72.2, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  135.0,          /* SGI */  150.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 54  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 55  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   91.0,          /* SGI */  101.1, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  189.0,          /* SGI */  210.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 56  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   78.0,          /* SGI */   86.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  162.0,          /* SGI */  180.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 57  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   91.0,          /* SGI */  101.1, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  189.0,          /* SGI */  210.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 58  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  104.0,          /* SGI */  115.6, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  216.0,          /* SGI */  240.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 59  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 60  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  104.0,          /* SGI */  115.6, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  216.0,          /* SGI */  240.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 61  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 62  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  130.0,          /* SGI */  144.4, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  270.0,          /* SGI */  300.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 63  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  130.0,          /* SGI */  144.4, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  270.0,          /* SGI */  300.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 64  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  143.0,          /* SGI */  158.9, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  297.0,          /* SGI */  330.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 65  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {   97.5,          /* SGI */  108.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  202.5,          /* SGI */  225.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 66  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 67  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  136.5,          /* SGI */  151.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  283.5,          /* SGI */  315.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 68  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  117.0,          /* SGI */  130.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  243.0,          /* SGI */  270.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 69  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  136.5,          /* SGI */  151.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  283.5,          /* SGI */  315.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 70  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  156.0,          /* SGI */  173.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  324.0,          /* SGI */  360.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 71  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  175.5,          /* SGI */  195.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  364.5,          /* SGI */  405.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 72  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  156.0,          /* SGI */  173.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  324.0,          /* SGI */  360.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 73  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  175.5,          /* SGI */  195.0, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  364.5,          /* SGI */  405.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 74  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  195.0,          /* SGI */  216.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  405.0,          /* SGI */  450.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 75  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  195.0,          /* SGI */  216.7, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  405.0,          /* SGI */  450.0, },
        },

        /* MCS 76  */
        {       /* 20 Mhz */ {  214.5,          /* SGI */  238.3, },
                /* 40 Mhz */ {  445.5,          /* SGI */  495.0, },
        },
};

static const char *auth_alg_text[]={"Open System","Shared Key","EAP"};
#define NUM_AUTH_ALGS   (sizeof auth_alg_text / sizeof auth_alg_text[0])

static const char *status_text[] = {
        "Successful",                                           /*  0 */
        "Unspecified failure",                                  /*  1 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  2 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  3 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  4 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  5 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  6 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  7 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  8 */
        "Reserved",                                             /*  9 */
        "Cannot Support all requested capabilities in the Capability "
          "Information field",                                  /* 10 */
        "Reassociation denied due to inability to confirm that association "
          "exists",                                             /* 11 */
        "Association denied due to reason outside the scope of the "
          "standard",                                           /* 12 */
        "Responding station does not support the specified authentication "
          "algorithm ",                                         /* 13 */
        "Received an Authentication frame with authentication transaction "
          "sequence number out of expected sequence",           /* 14 */
        "Authentication rejected because of challenge failure", /* 15 */
        "Authentication rejected due to timeout waiting for next frame in "
          "sequence",                                           /* 16 */
        "Association denied because AP is unable to handle additional"
          "associated stations",                                /* 17 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting all of "
          "the data rates in BSSBasicRateSet parameter",        /* 18 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "short preamble operation",                           /* 19 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "PBCC encoding",                                      /* 20 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "channel agility",                                    /* 21 */
        "Association request rejected because Spectrum Management "
          "capability is required",                             /* 22 */
        "Association request rejected because the information in the "
          "Power Capability element is unacceptable",           /* 23 */
        "Association request rejected because the information in the "
          "Supported Channels element is unacceptable",         /* 24 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "short slot operation",                               /* 25 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "DSSS-OFDM operation",                                /* 26 */
        "Association denied because the requested STA does not support HT "
          "features",                                           /* 27 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 28 */
        "Association denied because the requested STA does not support "
          "the PCO transition time required by the AP",         /* 29 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 30 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 31 */
        "Unspecified, QoS-related failure",                     /* 32 */
        "Association denied due to QAP having insufficient bandwidth "
          "to handle another QSTA",                             /* 33 */
        "Association denied due to excessive frame loss rates and/or "
          "poor conditions on current operating channel",       /* 34 */
        "Association (with QBSS) denied due to requesting station not "
          "supporting the QoS facility",                        /* 35 */
        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting "
          "Block Ack",                                          /* 36 */
        "The request has been declined",                        /* 37 */
        "The request has not been successful as one or more parameters "
          "have invalid values",                                /* 38 */
        "The TS has not been created because the request cannot be honored. "
          "Try again with the suggested changes to the TSPEC",  /* 39 */
        "Invalid Information Element",                          /* 40 */
        "Group Cipher is not valid",                            /* 41 */
        "Pairwise Cipher is not valid",                         /* 42 */
        "AKMP is not valid",                                    /* 43 */
        "Unsupported RSN IE version",                           /* 44 */
        "Invalid RSN IE Capabilities",                          /* 45 */
        "Cipher suite is rejected per security policy",         /* 46 */
        "The TS has not been created. However, the HC may be capable of "
          "creating a TS, in response to a request, after the time indicated "
          "in the TS Delay element",                            /* 47 */
        "Direct Link is not allowed in the BSS by policy",      /* 48 */
        "Destination STA is not present within this QBSS.",     /* 49 */
        "The Destination STA is not a QSTA.",                   /* 50 */

};
#define NUM_STATUSES    (sizeof status_text / sizeof status_text[0])

static const char *reason_text[] = {
        "Reserved",                                             /* 0 */
        "Unspecified reason",                                   /* 1 */
        "Previous authentication no longer valid",              /* 2 */
        "Deauthenticated because sending station is leaving (or has left) "
          "IBSS or ESS",                                        /* 3 */
        "Disassociated due to inactivity",                      /* 4 */
        "Disassociated because AP is unable to handle all currently "
          " associated stations",                               /* 5 */
        "Class 2 frame received from nonauthenticated station", /* 6 */
        "Class 3 frame received from nonassociated station",    /* 7 */
        "Disassociated because sending station is leaving "
          "(or has left) BSS",                                  /* 8 */
        "Station requesting (re)association is not authenticated with "
          "responding station",                                 /* 9 */
        "Disassociated because the information in the Power Capability "
          "element is unacceptable",                            /* 10 */
        "Disassociated because the information in the SupportedChannels "
          "element is unacceptable",                            /* 11 */
        "Invalid Information Element",                          /* 12 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 13 */
        "Michael MIC failure",                                  /* 14 */
        "4-Way Handshake timeout",                              /* 15 */
        "Group key update timeout",                             /* 16 */
        "Information element in 4-Way Handshake different from (Re)Association"
          "Request/Probe Response/Beacon",                      /* 17 */
        "Group Cipher is not valid",                            /* 18 */
        "AKMP is not valid",                                    /* 20 */
        "Unsupported RSN IE version",                           /* 21 */
        "Invalid RSN IE Capabilities",                          /* 22 */
        "IEEE 802.1X Authentication failed",                    /* 23 */
        "Cipher suite is rejected per security policy",         /* 24 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 25 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 26 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 27 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 28 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 29 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 30 */
        "TS deleted because QoS AP lacks sufficient bandwidth for this "
          "QoS STA due to a change in BSS service characteristics or "
          "operational mode (e.g. an HT BSS change from 40 MHz channel "
          "to 20 MHz channel)",                                 /* 31 */
        "Disassociated for unspecified, QoS-related reason",    /* 32 */
        "Disassociated because QoS AP lacks sufficient bandwidth for this "
          "QoS STA",                                            /* 33 */
        "Disassociated because of excessive number of frames that need to be "
          "acknowledged, but are not acknowledged for AP transmissions "
          "and/or poor channel conditions",                     /* 34 */
        "Disassociated because STA is transmitting outside the limits "
          "of its TXOPs",                                       /* 35 */
        "Requested from peer STA as the STA is leaving the BSS "
          "(or resetting)",                                     /* 36 */
        "Requested from peer STA as it does not want to use the "
          "mechanism",                                          /* 37 */
        "Requested from peer STA as the STA received frames using the "
          "mechanism for which a set up is required",           /* 38 */
        "Requested from peer STA due to time out",              /* 39 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 40 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 41 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 42 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 43 */
        "Reserved",                                             /* 44 */
        "Peer STA does not support the requested cipher suite", /* 45 */
        "Association denied due to requesting STA not supporting HT "
          "features",                                           /* 46 */
};
#define NUM_REASONS     (sizeof reason_text / sizeof reason_text[0])

static int
wep_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
          const u_char *p)
{
        uint32_t iv;

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_IV_LEN + IEEE802_11_KID_LEN))
                return 0;
        iv = EXTRACT_LE_32BITS(p);

        ND_PRINT((ndo, " IV:%3x Pad %x KeyID %x", IV_IV(iv), IV_PAD(iv),
            IV_KEYID(iv)));

        return 1;
}

static int
parse_elements(netdissect_options *ndo,
               struct mgmt_body_t *pbody, const u_char *p, int offset,
               u_int length)
{
        u_int elementlen;
        struct ssid_t ssid;
        struct challenge_t challenge;
        struct rates_t rates;
        struct ds_t ds;
        struct cf_t cf;
        struct tim_t tim;

        /*
         * We haven't seen any elements yet.
         */
        pbody->challenge_present = 0;
        pbody->ssid_present = 0;
        pbody->rates_present = 0;
        pbody->ds_present = 0;
        pbody->cf_present = 0;
        pbody->tim_present = 0;

        while (length != 0) {
                /* Make sure we at least have the element ID and length. */
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*(p + offset), 2))
                        return 0;
                if (length < 2)
                        return 0;
                elementlen = *(p + offset + 1);

                /* Make sure we have the entire element. */
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*(p + offset + 2), elementlen))
                        return 0;
                if (length < elementlen + 2)
                        return 0;

                switch (*(p + offset)) {
                case E_SSID:
                        memcpy(&ssid, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (ssid.length != 0) {
                                if (ssid.length > sizeof(ssid.ssid) - 1)
                                        return 0;
                                if (!ND_TTEST2(*(p + offset), ssid.length))
                                        return 0;
                                if (length < ssid.length)
                                        return 0;
                                memcpy(&ssid.ssid, p + offset, ssid.length);
                                offset += ssid.length;
                                length -= ssid.length;
                        }
                        ssid.ssid[ssid.length] = '\0';
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen an SSID IE,
                         * copy this one, otherwise ignore this one,
                         * so we later report the first one we saw.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->ssid_present) {
                                pbody->ssid = ssid;
                                pbody->ssid_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case E_CHALLENGE:
                        memcpy(&challenge, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (challenge.length != 0) {
                                if (challenge.length >
                                    sizeof(challenge.text) - 1)
                                        return 0;
                                if (!ND_TTEST2(*(p + offset), challenge.length))
                                        return 0;
                                if (length < challenge.length)
                                        return 0;
                                memcpy(&challenge.text, p + offset,
                                    challenge.length);
                                offset += challenge.length;
                                length -= challenge.length;
                        }
                        challenge.text[challenge.length] = '\0';
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen a challenge IE,
                         * copy this one, otherwise ignore this one,
                         * so we later report the first one we saw.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->challenge_present) {
                                pbody->challenge = challenge;
                                pbody->challenge_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case E_RATES:
                        memcpy(&rates, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (rates.length != 0) {
                                if (rates.length > sizeof rates.rate)
                                        return 0;
                                if (!ND_TTEST2(*(p + offset), rates.length))
                                        return 0;
                                if (length < rates.length)
                                        return 0;
                                memcpy(&rates.rate, p + offset, rates.length);
                                offset += rates.length;
                                length -= rates.length;
                        }
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen a rates IE,
                         * copy this one if it's not zero-length,
                         * otherwise ignore this one, so we later
                         * report the first one we saw.
                         *
                         * We ignore zero-length rates IEs as some
                         * devices seem to put a zero-length rates
                         * IE, followed by an SSID IE, followed by
                         * a non-zero-length rates IE into frames,
                         * even though IEEE Std 802.11-2007 doesn't
                         * seem to indicate that a zero-length rates
                         * IE is valid.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->rates_present && rates.length != 0) {
                                pbody->rates = rates;
                                pbody->rates_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case E_DS:
                        memcpy(&ds, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (ds.length != 1) {
                                offset += ds.length;
                                length -= ds.length;
                                break;
                        }
                        ds.channel = *(p + offset);
                        offset += 1;
                        length -= 1;
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen a DS IE,
                         * copy this one, otherwise ignore this one,
                         * so we later report the first one we saw.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->ds_present) {
                                pbody->ds = ds;
                                pbody->ds_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case E_CF:
                        memcpy(&cf, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (cf.length != 6) {
                                offset += cf.length;
                                length -= cf.length;
                                break;
                        }
                        memcpy(&cf.count, p + offset, 6);
                        offset += 6;
                        length -= 6;
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen a CF IE,
                         * copy this one, otherwise ignore this one,
                         * so we later report the first one we saw.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->cf_present) {
                                pbody->cf = cf;
                                pbody->cf_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case E_TIM:
                        memcpy(&tim, p + offset, 2);
                        offset += 2;
                        length -= 2;
                        if (tim.length <= 3) {
                                offset += tim.length;
                                length -= tim.length;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (tim.length - 3 > (int)sizeof tim.bitmap)
                                return 0;
                        memcpy(&tim.count, p + offset, 3);
                        offset += 3;
                        length -= 3;

                        memcpy(tim.bitmap, p + (tim.length - 3),
                            (tim.length - 3));
                        offset += tim.length - 3;
                        length -= tim.length - 3;
                        /*
                         * Present and not truncated.
                         *
                         * If we haven't already seen a TIM IE,
                         * copy this one, otherwise ignore this one,
                         * so we later report the first one we saw.
                         */
                        if (!pbody->tim_present) {
                                pbody->tim = tim;
                                pbody->tim_present = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                default:
#if 0
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "(1) unhandled element_id (%d)  ",
                            *(p + offset)));
#endif
                        offset += 2 + elementlen;
                        length -= 2 + elementlen;
                        break;
                }
        }

        /* No problems found. */
        return 1;
}

/*********************************************************************************
 * Print Handle functions for the management frame types
 *********************************************************************************/

static int
handle_beacon(netdissect_options *ndo,
              const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN + IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN + IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN)
                return 0;
        memcpy(&pbody.timestamp, p, IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN);
        offset += IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN;
        pbody.beacon_interval = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN;
        pbody.capability_info = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        PRINT_SSID(pbody);
        PRINT_RATES(pbody);
        ND_PRINT((ndo, " %s",
            CAPABILITY_ESS(pbody.capability_info) ? "ESS" : "IBSS"));
        PRINT_DS_CHANNEL(pbody);

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_assoc_request(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN)
                return 0;
        pbody.capability_info = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);
        offset += IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        pbody.listen_interval = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        PRINT_SSID(pbody);
        PRINT_RATES(pbody);
        return ret;
}

static int
handle_assoc_response(netdissect_options *ndo,
                      const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_STATUS_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_AID_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_STATUS_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_AID_LEN)
                return 0;
        pbody.capability_info = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);
        offset += IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        pbody.status_code = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_STATUS_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_STATUS_LEN;
        pbody.aid = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_AID_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_AID_LEN;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        ND_PRINT((ndo, " AID(%x) :%s: %s", ((uint16_t)(pbody.aid << 2 )) >> 2 ,
            CAPABILITY_PRIVACY(pbody.capability_info) ? " PRIVACY " : "",
            (pbody.status_code < NUM_STATUSES
                ? status_text[pbody.status_code]
                : "n/a")));

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_reassoc_request(netdissect_options *ndo,
                       const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_AP_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN + IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_AP_LEN)
                return 0;
        pbody.capability_info = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);
        offset += IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        pbody.listen_interval = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_LISTENINT_LEN;
        memcpy(&pbody.ap, p+offset, IEEE802_11_AP_LEN);
        offset += IEEE802_11_AP_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_AP_LEN;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        PRINT_SSID(pbody);
        ND_PRINT((ndo, " AP : %s", etheraddr_string(ndo,  pbody.ap )));

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_reassoc_response(netdissect_options *ndo,
                        const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        /* Same as a Association Reponse */
        return handle_assoc_response(ndo, p, length);
}

static int
handle_probe_request(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t  pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        PRINT_SSID(pbody);
        PRINT_RATES(pbody);

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_probe_response(netdissect_options *ndo,
                      const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t  pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN + IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN + IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN +
            IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN)
                return 0;
        memcpy(&pbody.timestamp, p, IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN);
        offset += IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_TSTAMP_LEN;
        pbody.beacon_interval = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_BCNINT_LEN;
        pbody.capability_info = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p+offset);
        offset += IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;
        length -= IEEE802_11_CAPINFO_LEN;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        PRINT_SSID(pbody);
        PRINT_RATES(pbody);
        PRINT_DS_CHANNEL(pbody);

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_atim(void)
{
        /* the frame body for ATIM is null. */
        return 1;
}

static int
handle_disassoc(netdissect_options *ndo,
                const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t  pbody;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_REASON_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_REASON_LEN)
                return 0;
        pbody.reason_code = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);

        ND_PRINT((ndo, ": %s",
            (pbody.reason_code < NUM_REASONS)
                ? reason_text[pbody.reason_code]
                : "Reserved"));

        return 1;
}

static int
handle_auth(netdissect_options *ndo,
            const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t  pbody;
        int offset = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, 6))
                return 0;
        if (length < 6)
                return 0;
        pbody.auth_alg = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);
        offset += 2;
        length -= 2;
        pbody.auth_trans_seq_num = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p + offset);
        offset += 2;
        length -= 2;
        pbody.status_code = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p + offset);
        offset += 2;
        length -= 2;

        ret = parse_elements(ndo, &pbody, p, offset, length);

        if ((pbody.auth_alg == 1) &&
            ((pbody.auth_trans_seq_num == 2) ||
             (pbody.auth_trans_seq_num == 3))) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " (%s)-%x [Challenge Text] %s",
                    (pbody.auth_alg < NUM_AUTH_ALGS)
                        ? auth_alg_text[pbody.auth_alg]
                        : "Reserved",
                    pbody.auth_trans_seq_num,
                    ((pbody.auth_trans_seq_num % 2)
                        ? ((pbody.status_code < NUM_STATUSES)
                               ? status_text[pbody.status_code]
                               : "n/a") : "")));
                return ret;
        }
        ND_PRINT((ndo, " (%s)-%x: %s",
            (pbody.auth_alg < NUM_AUTH_ALGS)
                ? auth_alg_text[pbody.auth_alg]
                : "Reserved",
            pbody.auth_trans_seq_num,
            (pbody.auth_trans_seq_num % 2)
                ? ((pbody.status_code < NUM_STATUSES)
                    ? status_text[pbody.status_code]
                    : "n/a")
                : ""));

        return ret;
}

static int
handle_deauth(netdissect_options *ndo,
              const uint8_t *src, const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        struct mgmt_body_t  pbody;
        const char *reason = NULL;

        memset(&pbody, 0, sizeof(pbody));

        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, IEEE802_11_REASON_LEN))
                return 0;
        if (length < IEEE802_11_REASON_LEN)
                return 0;
        pbody.reason_code = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);

        reason = (pbody.reason_code < NUM_REASONS)
                        ? reason_text[pbody.reason_code]
                        : "Reserved";

        if (ndo->ndo_eflag) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, ": %s", reason));
        } else {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " (%s): %s", etheraddr_string(ndo, src), reason));
        }
        return 1;
}

#define PRINT_HT_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "TxChWidth")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MIMOPwrSave")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_BA_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "ADDBA Request")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "ADDBA Response")) : \
        (v) == 2 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "DELBA")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_MESHLINK_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Request")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Report")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_MESHPEERING_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Open")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Confirm")) : \
        (v) == 2 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Close")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_MESHPATH_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Request")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Report")) : \
        (v) == 2 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Error")) : \
        (v) == 3 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "RootAnnouncement")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)

#define PRINT_MESH_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MeshLink")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "HWMP")) : \
        (v) == 2 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Gate Announcement")) : \
        (v) == 3 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Congestion Control")) : \
        (v) == 4 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCCA Setup Request")) : \
        (v) == 5 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCCA Setup Reply")) : \
        (v) == 6 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCCA Advertisement Request")) : \
        (v) == 7 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCCA Advertisement")) : \
        (v) == 8 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCCA Teardown")) : \
        (v) == 9 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "TBTT Adjustment Request")) : \
        (v) == 10 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "TBTT Adjustment Response")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_MULTIHOP_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 0 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Proxy Update")) : \
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Proxy Update Confirmation")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)
#define PRINT_SELFPROT_ACTION(v) (\
        (v) == 1 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Peering Open")) : \
        (v) == 2 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Peering Confirm")) : \
        (v) == 3 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Peering Close")) : \
        (v) == 4 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Group Key Inform")) : \
        (v) == 5 ? ND_PRINT((ndo, "Group Key Acknowledge")) : \
                   ND_PRINT((ndo, "Act#%d", (v))) \
)

static int
handle_action(netdissect_options *ndo,
              const uint8_t *src, const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, 2))
                return 0;
        if (length < 2)
                return 0;
        if (ndo->ndo_eflag) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, ": "));
        } else {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " (%s): ", etheraddr_string(ndo, src)));
        }
        switch (p[0]) {
        case 0: ND_PRINT((ndo, "Spectrum Management Act#%d", p[1])); break;
        case 1: ND_PRINT((ndo, "QoS Act#%d", p[1])); break;
        case 2: ND_PRINT((ndo, "DLS Act#%d", p[1])); break;
        case 3: ND_PRINT((ndo, "BA ")); PRINT_BA_ACTION(p[1]); break;
        case 7: ND_PRINT((ndo, "HT ")); PRINT_HT_ACTION(p[1]); break;
        case 13: ND_PRINT((ndo, "MeshAction ")); PRINT_MESH_ACTION(p[1]); break;
        case 14:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "MultiohopAction "));
                PRINT_MULTIHOP_ACTION(p[1]); break;
        case 15:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "SelfprotectAction "));
                PRINT_SELFPROT_ACTION(p[1]); break;
        case 127: ND_PRINT((ndo, "Vendor Act#%d", p[1])); break;
        default:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "Reserved(%d) Act#%d", p[0], p[1]));
                break;
        }
        return 1;
}


/*********************************************************************************
 * Print Body funcs
 *********************************************************************************/


static int
mgmt_body_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                uint16_t fc, const uint8_t *src, const u_char *p, u_int length)
{
        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tok2str(st_str, "Unhandled Management subtype(%x)", FC_SUBTYPE(fc))));

        /* There may be a problem w/ AP not having this bit set */
        if (FC_PROTECTED(fc))
                return wep_print(ndo, p);
        switch (FC_SUBTYPE(fc)) {
        case ST_ASSOC_REQUEST:
                return handle_assoc_request(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_ASSOC_RESPONSE:
                return handle_assoc_response(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_REASSOC_REQUEST:
                return handle_reassoc_request(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_REASSOC_RESPONSE:
                return handle_reassoc_response(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_PROBE_REQUEST:
                return handle_probe_request(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_PROBE_RESPONSE:
                return handle_probe_response(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_BEACON:
                return handle_beacon(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_ATIM:
                return handle_atim();
        case ST_DISASSOC:
                return handle_disassoc(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_AUTH:
                return handle_auth(ndo, p, length);
        case ST_DEAUTH:
                return handle_deauth(ndo, src, p, length);
        case ST_ACTION:
                return handle_action(ndo, src, p, length);
        default:
                return 1;
        }
}


/*********************************************************************************
 * Handles printing all the control frame types
 *********************************************************************************/

static int
ctrl_body_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                uint16_t fc, const u_char *p)
{
        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tok2str(ctrl_str, "Unknown Ctrl Subtype", FC_SUBTYPE(fc))));
        switch (FC_SUBTYPE(fc)) {
        case CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER:
                /* XXX - requires special handling */
                break;
        case CTRL_BAR:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_BAR_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s TA:%s CTL(%x) SEQ(%u) ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ra),
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ta),
                            EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&(((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ctl)),
                            EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&(((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->seq))));
                break;
        case CTRL_BA:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_BA_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ba_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_PS_POLL:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_PS_POLL_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " AID(%x)",
                    EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&(((const struct ctrl_ps_poll_hdr_t *)p)->aid))));
                break;
        case CTRL_RTS:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_RTS_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " TA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_rts_hdr_t *)p)->ta)));
                break;
        case CTRL_CTS:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_CTS_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_cts_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_ACK:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_ACK_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ack_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_CF_END:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_END_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_END_ACK:
                if (!ND_TTEST2(*p, CTRL_END_ACK_HDRLEN))
                        return 0;
                if (!ndo->ndo_eflag)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s ",
                            etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_ack_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*
 *  Data Frame - Address field contents
 *
 *  To Ds  | From DS | Addr 1 | Addr 2 | Addr 3 | Addr 4
 *    0    |  0      |  DA    | SA     | BSSID  | n/a
 *    0    |  1      |  DA    | BSSID  | SA     | n/a
 *    1    |  0      |  BSSID | SA     | DA     | n/a
 *    1    |  1      |  RA    | TA     | DA     | SA
 */

/*
 * Function to get source and destination MAC addresses for a data frame.
 */
static void
get_data_src_dst_mac(uint16_t fc, const u_char *p, const uint8_t **srcp,
                     const uint8_t **dstp)
{
#define ADDR1  (p + 4)
#define ADDR2  (p + 10)
#define ADDR3  (p + 16)
#define ADDR4  (p + 24)

        if (!FC_TO_DS(fc) && !FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                *srcp = ADDR2;
                *dstp = ADDR1;
        } else if (!FC_TO_DS(fc) && FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                *srcp = ADDR3;
                *dstp = ADDR1;
        } else if (FC_TO_DS(fc) && !FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                *srcp = ADDR2;
                *dstp = ADDR3;
        } else if (FC_TO_DS(fc) && FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                *srcp = ADDR4;
                *dstp = ADDR3;
        }

#undef ADDR1
#undef ADDR2
#undef ADDR3
#undef ADDR4
}

static void
get_mgmt_src_dst_mac(const u_char *p, const uint8_t **srcp, const uint8_t **dstp)
{
        const struct mgmt_header_t *hp = (const struct mgmt_header_t *) p;

        if (srcp != NULL)
                *srcp = hp->sa;
        if (dstp != NULL)
                *dstp = hp->da;
}

/*
 * Print Header funcs
 */

static void
data_header_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t fc, const u_char *p)
{
        u_int subtype = FC_SUBTYPE(fc);

        if (DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_ACK(subtype) || DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_POLL(subtype) ||
            DATA_FRAME_IS_QOS(subtype)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "CF "));
                if (DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_ACK(subtype)) {
                        if (DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_POLL(subtype))
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "Ack/Poll"));
                        else
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "Ack"));
                } else {
                        if (DATA_FRAME_IS_CF_POLL(subtype))
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "Poll"));
                }
                if (DATA_FRAME_IS_QOS(subtype))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "+QoS"));
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
        }

#define ADDR1  (p + 4)
#define ADDR2  (p + 10)
#define ADDR3  (p + 16)
#define ADDR4  (p + 24)

        if (!FC_TO_DS(fc) && !FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "DA:%s SA:%s BSSID:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR1), etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR2),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR3)));
        } else if (!FC_TO_DS(fc) && FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "DA:%s BSSID:%s SA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR1), etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR2),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR3)));
        } else if (FC_TO_DS(fc) && !FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "BSSID:%s SA:%s DA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR1), etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR2),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR3)));
        } else if (FC_TO_DS(fc) && FC_FROM_DS(fc)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s TA:%s DA:%s SA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR1), etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR2),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR3), etheraddr_string(ndo, ADDR4)));
        }

#undef ADDR1
#undef ADDR2
#undef ADDR3
#undef ADDR4
}

static void
mgmt_header_print(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *p)
{
        const struct mgmt_header_t *hp = (const struct mgmt_header_t *) p;

        ND_PRINT((ndo, "BSSID:%s DA:%s SA:%s ",
            etheraddr_string(ndo, (hp)->bssid), etheraddr_string(ndo, (hp)->da),
            etheraddr_string(ndo, (hp)->sa)));
}

static void
ctrl_header_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t fc, const u_char *p)
{
        switch (FC_SUBTYPE(fc)) {
        case CTRL_BAR:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " RA:%s TA:%s CTL(%x) SEQ(%u) ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ra),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ta),
                    EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&(((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->ctl)),
                    EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&(((const struct ctrl_bar_hdr_t *)p)->seq))));
                break;
        case CTRL_BA:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ba_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_PS_POLL:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "BSSID:%s TA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ps_poll_hdr_t *)p)->bssid),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ps_poll_hdr_t *)p)->ta)));
                break;
        case CTRL_RTS:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s TA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_rts_hdr_t *)p)->ra),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_rts_hdr_t *)p)->ta)));
                break;
        case CTRL_CTS:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_cts_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_ACK:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_ack_hdr_t *)p)->ra)));
                break;
        case CTRL_CF_END:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s BSSID:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_hdr_t *)p)->ra),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_hdr_t *)p)->bssid)));
                break;
        case CTRL_END_ACK:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "RA:%s BSSID:%s ",
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_ack_hdr_t *)p)->ra),
                    etheraddr_string(ndo, ((const struct ctrl_end_ack_hdr_t *)p)->bssid)));
                break;
        default:
                /* We shouldn't get here - we should already have quit */
                break;
        }
}

static int
extract_header_length(netdissect_options *ndo,
                      uint16_t fc)
{
        int len;

        switch (FC_TYPE(fc)) {
        case T_MGMT:
                return MGMT_HDRLEN;
        case T_CTRL:
                switch (FC_SUBTYPE(fc)) {
                case CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER:
                        return CTRL_CONTROL_WRAPPER_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_BAR:
                        return CTRL_BAR_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_BA:
                        return CTRL_BA_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_PS_POLL:
                        return CTRL_PS_POLL_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_RTS:
                        return CTRL_RTS_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_CTS:
                        return CTRL_CTS_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_ACK:
                        return CTRL_ACK_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_CF_END:
                        return CTRL_END_HDRLEN;
                case CTRL_END_ACK:
                        return CTRL_END_ACK_HDRLEN;
                default:
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "unknown 802.11 ctrl frame subtype (%d)", FC_SUBTYPE(fc)));
                        return 0;
                }
        case T_DATA:
                len = (FC_TO_DS(fc) && FC_FROM_DS(fc)) ? 30 : 24;
                if (DATA_FRAME_IS_QOS(FC_SUBTYPE(fc)))
                        len += 2;
                return len;
        default:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "unknown 802.11 frame type (%d)", FC_TYPE(fc)));
                return 0;
        }
}

static int
extract_mesh_header_length(const u_char *p)
{
        return (p[0] &~ 3) ? 0 : 6*(1 + (p[0] & 3));
}

/*
 * Print the 802.11 MAC header.
 */
static void
ieee_802_11_hdr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                      uint16_t fc, const u_char *p, u_int hdrlen,
                      u_int meshdrlen)
{
        if (ndo->ndo_vflag) {
                if (FC_MORE_DATA(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "More Data "));
                if (FC_MORE_FLAG(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "More Fragments "));
                if (FC_POWER_MGMT(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "Pwr Mgmt "));
                if (FC_RETRY(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "Retry "));
                if (FC_ORDER(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "Strictly Ordered "));
                if (FC_PROTECTED(fc))
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "Protected "));
                if (FC_TYPE(fc) != T_CTRL || FC_SUBTYPE(fc) != CTRL_PS_POLL)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%dus ",
                            EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(
                                &((const struct mgmt_header_t *)p)->duration)));
        }
        if (meshdrlen != 0) {
                const struct meshcntl_t *mc =
                    (const struct meshcntl_t *)&p[hdrlen - meshdrlen];
                int ae = mc->flags & 3;

                ND_PRINT((ndo, "MeshData (AE %d TTL %u seq %u", ae, mc->ttl,
                    EXTRACT_LE_32BITS(mc->seq)));
                if (ae > 0)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " A4:%s", etheraddr_string(ndo, mc->addr4)));
                if (ae > 1)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " A5:%s", etheraddr_string(ndo, mc->addr5)));
                if (ae > 2)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " A6:%s", etheraddr_string(ndo, mc->addr6)));
                ND_PRINT((ndo, ") "));
        }

        switch (FC_TYPE(fc)) {
        case T_MGMT:
                mgmt_header_print(ndo, p);
                break;
        case T_CTRL:
                ctrl_header_print(ndo, fc, p);
                break;
        case T_DATA:
                data_header_print(ndo, fc, p);
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
}

#ifndef roundup2
#define roundup2(x, y)  (((x)+((y)-1))&(~((y)-1))) /* if y is powers of two */
#endif

static u_int
ieee802_11_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                 const u_char *p, u_int length, u_int orig_caplen, int pad,
                 u_int fcslen)
{
        uint16_t fc;
        u_int caplen, hdrlen, meshdrlen;
        const uint8_t *src, *dst;
        int llc_hdrlen;

        caplen = orig_caplen;
        /* Remove FCS, if present */
        if (length < fcslen) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }
        length -= fcslen;
        if (caplen > length) {
                /* Amount of FCS in actual packet data, if any */
                fcslen = caplen - length;
                caplen -= fcslen;
                ndo->ndo_snapend -= fcslen;
        }

        if (caplen < IEEE802_11_FC_LEN) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return orig_caplen;
        }

        fc = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(p);
        hdrlen = extract_header_length(ndo, fc);
        if (hdrlen == 0) {
                /* Unknown frame type or control frame subtype; quit. */
                return (0);
        }
        if (pad)
                hdrlen = roundup2(hdrlen, 4);
        if (ndo->ndo_Hflag && FC_TYPE(fc) == T_DATA &&
            DATA_FRAME_IS_QOS(FC_SUBTYPE(fc))) {
                meshdrlen = extract_mesh_header_length(p+hdrlen);
                hdrlen += meshdrlen;
        } else
                meshdrlen = 0;

        if (caplen < hdrlen) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return hdrlen;
        }

        if (ndo->ndo_eflag)
                ieee_802_11_hdr_print(ndo, fc, p, hdrlen, meshdrlen);

        /*
         * Go past the 802.11 header.
         */
        length -= hdrlen;
        caplen -= hdrlen;
        p += hdrlen;

        switch (FC_TYPE(fc)) {
        case T_MGMT:
                get_mgmt_src_dst_mac(p - hdrlen, &src, &dst);
                if (!mgmt_body_print(ndo, fc, src, p, length)) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                        return hdrlen;
                }
                break;
        case T_CTRL:
                if (!ctrl_body_print(ndo, fc, p - hdrlen)) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                        return hdrlen;
                }
                break;
        case T_DATA:
                if (DATA_FRAME_IS_NULL(FC_SUBTYPE(fc)))
                        return hdrlen;  /* no-data frame */
                /* There may be a problem w/ AP not having this bit set */
                if (FC_PROTECTED(fc)) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "Data"));
                        if (!wep_print(ndo, p)) {
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                                return hdrlen;
                        }
                } else {
                        get_data_src_dst_mac(fc, p - hdrlen, &src, &dst);
                        llc_hdrlen = llc_print(ndo, p, length, caplen, dst, src);
                        if (llc_hdrlen < 0) {
                                /*
                                 * Some kinds of LLC packet we cannot
                                 * handle intelligently
                                 */
                                if (!ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print)
                                        ND_DEFAULTPRINT(p, caplen);
                                llc_hdrlen = -llc_hdrlen;
                        }
                        hdrlen += llc_hdrlen;
                }
                break;
        default:
                /* We shouldn't get here - we should already have quit */
                break;
        }

        return hdrlen;
}

/*
 * This is the top level routine of the printer.  'p' points
 * to the 802.11 header of the packet, 'h->ts' is the timestamp,
 * 'h->len' is the length of the packet off the wire, and 'h->caplen'
 * is the number of bytes actually captured.
 */
u_int
ieee802_11_if_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                    const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *p)
{
        return ieee802_11_print(ndo, p, h->len, h->caplen, 0, 0);
}

#define IEEE80211_CHAN_FHSS \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_GFSK)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_A \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_5GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_OFDM)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_B \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_CCK)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_PUREG \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_OFDM)
#define IEEE80211_CHAN_G \
        (IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ | IEEE80211_CHAN_DYN)

#define IS_CHAN_FHSS(flags) \
        ((flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_FHSS) == IEEE80211_CHAN_FHSS)
#define IS_CHAN_A(flags) \
        ((flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_A) == IEEE80211_CHAN_A)
#define IS_CHAN_B(flags) \
        ((flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_B) == IEEE80211_CHAN_B)
#define IS_CHAN_PUREG(flags) \
        ((flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_PUREG) == IEEE80211_CHAN_PUREG)
#define IS_CHAN_G(flags) \
        ((flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_G) == IEEE80211_CHAN_G)
#define IS_CHAN_ANYG(flags) \
        (IS_CHAN_PUREG(flags) || IS_CHAN_G(flags))

static void
print_chaninfo(netdissect_options *ndo,
               int freq, int flags)
{
        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%u MHz", freq));
        if (IS_CHAN_FHSS(flags))
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " FHSS"));
        if (IS_CHAN_A(flags)) {
                if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_HALF)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11a/10Mhz"));
                else if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_QUARTER)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11a/5Mhz"));
                else
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11a"));
        }
        if (IS_CHAN_ANYG(flags)) {
                if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_HALF)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11g/10Mhz"));
                else if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_QUARTER)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11g/5Mhz"));
                else
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11g"));
        } else if (IS_CHAN_B(flags))
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " 11b"));
        if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_TURBO)
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " Turbo"));
        if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_HT20)
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " ht/20"));
        else if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_HT40D)
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " ht/40-"));
        else if (flags & IEEE80211_CHAN_HT40U)
                ND_PRINT((ndo, " ht/40+"));
        ND_PRINT((ndo, " "));
}

static int
print_radiotap_field(netdissect_options *ndo,
                     struct cpack_state *s, uint32_t bit, uint8_t *flags,
                     struct radiotap_state *state, uint32_t presentflags)
{
        union {
                int8_t          i8;
                uint8_t         u8;
                int16_t         i16;
                uint16_t        u16;
                uint32_t        u32;
                uint64_t        u64;
        } u, u2, u3, u4;
        int rc;

        switch (bit) {
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS:
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u.u8);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                *flags = u.u8;
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE:
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u.u8);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;

                /* Save state rate */
                state->rate = u.u8;
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTSIGNAL:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTNOISE:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA:
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u.u8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE:
                rc = cpack_int8(s, &u.i8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL:
                rc = cpack_uint16(s, &u.u16);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint16(s, &u2.u16);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FHSS:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_LOCK_QUALITY:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_ATTENUATION:
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RX_FLAGS:
                rc = cpack_uint16(s, &u.u16);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_TX_ATTENUATION:
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u.u8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER:
                rc = cpack_int8(s, &u.i8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TSFT:
                rc = cpack_uint64(s, &u.u64);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL:
                rc = cpack_uint32(s, &u.u32);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint16(s, &u2.u16);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u3.u8);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u4.u8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS:
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u.u8);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u2.u8);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &u3.u8);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VENDOR_NAMESPACE: {
                uint8_t vns[3];
                uint16_t length;
                uint8_t subspace;

                if ((cpack_align_and_reserve(s, 2)) == NULL) {
                        rc = -1;
                        break;
                }

                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &vns[0]);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &vns[1]);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &vns[2]);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint8(s, &subspace);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
                rc = cpack_uint16(s, &length);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;

                /* Skip up to length */
                s->c_next += length;
                break;
        }
        default:
                /* this bit indicates a field whose
                 * size we do not know, so we cannot
                 * proceed.  Just print the bit number.
                 */
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "[bit %u] ", bit));
                return -1;
        }

        if (rc != 0) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return rc;
        }

        /* Preserve the state present flags */
        state->present = presentflags;

        switch (bit) {
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_CHANNEL:
                /*
                 * If CHANNEL and XCHANNEL are both present, skip
                 * CHANNEL.
                 */
                if (presentflags & (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL))
                        break;
                print_chaninfo(ndo, u.u16, u2.u16);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FHSS:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "fhset %d fhpat %d ", u.u16 & 0xff, (u.u16 >> 8) & 0xff));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE:
                /*
                 * XXX On FreeBSD rate & 0x80 means we have an MCS. On
                 * Linux and AirPcap it does not.  (What about
                 * Mac OS X, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD?)
                 *
                 * This is an issue either for proprietary extensions
                 * to 11a or 11g, which do exist, or for 11n
                 * implementations that stuff a rate value into
                 * this field, which also appear to exist.
                 *
                 * We currently handle that by assuming that
                 * if the 0x80 bit is set *and* the remaining
                 * bits have a value between 0 and 15 it's
                 * an MCS value, otherwise it's a rate.  If
                 * there are cases where systems that use
                 * "0x80 + MCS index" for MCS indices > 15,
                 * or stuff a rate value here between 64 and
                 * 71.5 Mb/s in here, we'll need a preference
                 * setting.  Such rates do exist, e.g. 11n
                 * MCS 7 at 20 MHz with a long guard interval.
                 */
                if (u.u8 >= 0x80 && u.u8 <= 0x8f) {
                        /*
                         * XXX - we don't know the channel width
                         * or guard interval length, so we can't
                         * convert this to a data rate.
                         *
                         * If you want us to show a data rate,
                         * use the MCS field, not the Rate field;
                         * the MCS field includes not only the
                         * MCS index, it also includes bandwidth
                         * and guard interval information.
                         *
                         * XXX - can we get the channel width
                         * from XChannel and the guard interval
                         * information from Flags, at least on
                         * FreeBSD?
                         */
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCS %u ", u.u8 & 0x7f));
                } else
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%2.1f Mb/s ", .5 * u.u8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTSIGNAL:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddB signal ", u.i8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_ANTNOISE:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddB noise ", u.i8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTSIGNAL:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddB signal ", u.u8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_ANTNOISE:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddB noise ", u.u8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_LOCK_QUALITY:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%u sq ", u.u16));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_ATTENUATION:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%d tx power ", -(int)u.u16));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DB_TX_ATTENUATION:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddB tx power ", -(int)u.u8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%ddBm tx power ", u.i8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS:
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_CFP)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "cfp "));
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_SHORTPRE)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "short preamble "));
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "wep "));
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "fragmented "));
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_BADFCS)
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "bad-fcs "));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "antenna %d ", u.u8));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TSFT:
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%" PRIu64 "us tsft ", u.u64));
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RX_FLAGS:
                /* Do nothing for now */
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_XCHANNEL:
                print_chaninfo(ndo, u2.u16, u.u32);
                break;
        case IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS: {
                static const char *bandwidth[4] = {
                        "20 MHz",
                        "40 MHz",
                        "20 MHz (L)",
                        "20 MHz (U)"
                };
                float htrate;

                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_MCS_INDEX_KNOWN) {
                        /*
                         * We know the MCS index.
                         */
                        if (u3.u8 <= MAX_MCS_INDEX) {
                                /*
                                 * And it's in-range.
                                 */
                                if (u.u8 & (IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_KNOWN|IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_GUARD_INTERVAL_KNOWN)) {
                                        /*
                                         * And we know both the bandwidth and
                                         * the guard interval, so we can look
                                         * up the rate.
                                         */
                                        htrate =
                                                ieee80211_float_htrates \
                                                        [u3.u8] \
                                                        [((u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_MASK) == IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_40 ? 1 : 0)] \
                                                        [((u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SHORT_GI) ? 1 : 0)];
                                } else {
                                        /*
                                         * We don't know both the bandwidth
                                         * and the guard interval, so we can
                                         * only report the MCS index.
                                         */
                                        htrate = 0.0;
                                }
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * The MCS value is out of range.
                                 */
                                htrate = 0.0;
                        }
                        if (htrate != 0.0) {
                                /*
                                 * We have the rate.
                                 * Print it.
                                 */
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%.1f Mb/s MCS %u ", htrate, u3.u8));
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * We at least have the MCS index.
                                 * Print it.
                                 */
                                ND_PRINT((ndo, "MCS %u ", u3.u8));
                        }
                }
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_KNOWN) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s ",
                                bandwidth[u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BANDWIDTH_MASK]));
                }
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_GUARD_INTERVAL_KNOWN) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s GI ",
                                (u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SHORT_GI) ?
                                "short" : "lon"));
                }
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_HT_FORMAT_KNOWN) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s ",
                                (u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_HT_GREENFIELD) ?
                                "greenfield" : "mixed"));
                }
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_FEC_TYPE_KNOWN) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s FEC ",
                                (u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_FEC_LDPC) ?
                                "LDPC" : "BCC"));
                }
                if (u.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_KNOWN) {
                        ND_PRINT((ndo, "RX-STBC%u ",
                                (u2.u8 & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_MASK) >> IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_STBC_SHIFT));
                }

                break;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static u_int
ieee802_11_radio_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                       const u_char *p, u_int length, u_int caplen)
{
#define BITNO_32(x) (((x) >> 16) ? 16 + BITNO_16((x) >> 16) : BITNO_16((x)))
#define BITNO_16(x) (((x) >> 8) ? 8 + BITNO_8((x) >> 8) : BITNO_8((x)))
#define BITNO_8(x) (((x) >> 4) ? 4 + BITNO_4((x) >> 4) : BITNO_4((x)))
#define BITNO_4(x) (((x) >> 2) ? 2 + BITNO_2((x) >> 2) : BITNO_2((x)))
#define BITNO_2(x) (((x) & 2) ? 1 : 0)
#define BIT(n)  (1U << n)
#define IS_EXTENDED(__p)        \
            (EXTRACT_LE_32BITS(__p) & BIT(IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_EXT)) != 0

        struct cpack_state cpacker;
        struct ieee80211_radiotap_header *hdr;
        uint32_t present, next_present;
        uint32_t presentflags = 0;
        uint32_t *presentp, *last_presentp;
        enum ieee80211_radiotap_type bit;
        int bit0;
        u_int len;
        uint8_t flags;
        int pad;
        u_int fcslen;
        struct radiotap_state state;

        if (caplen < sizeof(*hdr)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        hdr = (struct ieee80211_radiotap_header *)p;

        len = EXTRACT_LE_16BITS(&hdr->it_len);

        if (caplen < len) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }
        cpack_init(&cpacker, (uint8_t *)hdr, len); /* align against header start */
        cpack_advance(&cpacker, sizeof(*hdr)); /* includes the 1st bitmap */
        for (last_presentp = &hdr->it_present;
             IS_EXTENDED(last_presentp) &&
             (u_char*)(last_presentp + 1) <= p + len;
             last_presentp++)
          cpack_advance(&cpacker, sizeof(hdr->it_present)); /* more bitmaps */

        /* are there more bitmap extensions than bytes in header? */
        if (IS_EXTENDED(last_presentp)) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        /* Assume no flags */
        flags = 0;
        /* Assume no Atheros padding between 802.11 header and body */
        pad = 0;
        /* Assume no FCS at end of frame */
        fcslen = 0;
        for (bit0 = 0, presentp = &hdr->it_present; presentp <= last_presentp;
             presentp++, bit0 += 32) {
                presentflags = EXTRACT_LE_32BITS(presentp);

                /* Clear state. */
                memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));

                for (present = EXTRACT_LE_32BITS(presentp); present;
                     present = next_present) {
                        /* clear the least significant bit that is set */
                        next_present = present & (present - 1);

                        /* extract the least significant bit that is set */
                        bit = (enum ieee80211_radiotap_type)
                            (bit0 + BITNO_32(present ^ next_present));

                        if (print_radiotap_field(ndo, &cpacker, bit, &flags, &state, presentflags) != 0)
                                goto out;
                }
        }

out:
        if (flags & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_DATAPAD)
                pad = 1;        /* Atheros padding */
        if (flags & IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS)
                fcslen = 4;     /* FCS at end of packet */
        return len + ieee802_11_print(ndo, p + len, length - len, caplen - len, pad,
            fcslen);
#undef BITNO_32
#undef BITNO_16
#undef BITNO_8
#undef BITNO_4
#undef BITNO_2
#undef BIT
}

static u_int
ieee802_11_avs_radio_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                           const u_char *p, u_int length, u_int caplen)
{
        uint32_t caphdr_len;

        if (caplen < 8) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        caphdr_len = EXTRACT_32BITS(p + 4);
        if (caphdr_len < 8) {
                /*
                 * Yow!  The capture header length is claimed not
                 * to be large enough to include even the version
                 * cookie or capture header length!
                 */
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        if (caplen < caphdr_len) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        return caphdr_len + ieee802_11_print(ndo, p + caphdr_len,
            length - caphdr_len, caplen - caphdr_len, 0, 0);
}

#define PRISM_HDR_LEN           144

#define WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_BASE 0x80211000
#define WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V1 0x80211001
#define WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V2 0x80211002

/*
 * For DLT_PRISM_HEADER; like DLT_IEEE802_11, but with an extra header,
 * containing information such as radio information, which we
 * currently ignore.
 *
 * If, however, the packet begins with WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V1 or
 * WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V2, it's really DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS
 * (currently, on Linux, there's no ARPHRD_ type for
 * DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS, as there is a ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM
 * for DLT_PRISM_HEADER, so ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM is used for
 * the AVS header, and the first 4 bytes of the header are used to
 * indicate whether it's a Prism header or an AVS header).
 */
u_int
prism_if_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
               const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *p)
{
        u_int caplen = h->caplen;
        u_int length = h->len;
        uint32_t msgcode;

        if (caplen < 4) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        msgcode = EXTRACT_32BITS(p);
        if (msgcode == WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V1 ||
            msgcode == WLANCAP_MAGIC_COOKIE_V2)
                return ieee802_11_avs_radio_print(ndo, p, length, caplen);

        if (caplen < PRISM_HDR_LEN) {
                ND_PRINT((ndo, "%s", tstr));
                return caplen;
        }

        return PRISM_HDR_LEN + ieee802_11_print(ndo, p + PRISM_HDR_LEN,
            length - PRISM_HDR_LEN, caplen - PRISM_HDR_LEN, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * For DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO; like DLT_IEEE802_11, but with an extra
 * header, containing information such as radio information.
 */
u_int
ieee802_11_radio_if_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                          const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *p)
{
        return ieee802_11_radio_print(ndo, p, h->len, h->caplen);
}

/*
 * For DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS; like DLT_IEEE802_11, but with an
 * extra header, containing information such as radio information,
 * which we currently ignore.
 */
u_int
ieee802_11_radio_avs_if_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
                              const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *p)
{
        return ieee802_11_avs_radio_print(ndo, p, h->len, h->caplen);
}