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   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
   7  * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
   8  * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
   9  * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
  10  * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
  11  * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
  12  * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
  13  * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
  14  * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
  15  * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
  16  * written permission.
  17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
  18  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifndef _WIN32
  23 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  24 #endif
  25
  26 #include <pcap/pcap-inttypes.h>
  27 #include <pcap/compiler-tests.h>
  28 #include "portability.h"
  29
  30 /*
  31  * If we have versions of GCC or Clang that support an __attribute__
  32  * to say "if we're building with unsigned behavior sanitization,
  33  * don't complain about undefined behavior in this function", we
  34  * label these functions with that attribute - we *know* it's undefined
  35  * in the C standard, but we *also* know it does what we want with
  36  * the ISA we're targeting and the compiler we're using.
  37  *
  38  * For GCC 4.9.0 and later, we use __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined));
  39  * pre-5.0 GCC doesn't have __has_attribute, and I'm not sure whether
  40  * GCC or Clang first had __attribute__((no_sanitize(XXX)).
  41  *
  42  * For Clang, we check for __attribute__((no_sanitize(XXX)) with
  43  * __has_attribute, as there are versions of Clang that support
  44  * __attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")) but don't support
  45  * __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined)).
  46  *
  47  * We define this here, rather than in funcattrs.h, because we
  48  * only want it used here, we don't want it to be broadly used.
  49  * (Any printer will get this defined, but this should at least
  50  * make it harder for people to find.)
  51  */
  52 #if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 409)
  53 #define UNALIGNED_OK    __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined))
  54 #elif __has_attribute(no_sanitize)
  55 #define UNALIGNED_OK    __attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")))
  56 #else
  57 #define UNALIGNED_OK
  58 #endif
  59
  60 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__X86__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)) || \
  61     (defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM) || defined(__aarch64__)) || \
  62     (defined(__m68k__) && (!defined(__mc68000__) && !defined(__mc68010__))) || \
  63     (defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || defined(_M_PPC) || defined(_ARCH_PPC) || defined(_ARCH_PPC64)) || \
  64     (defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__) || defined(__zarch__))
  65 /*
  66  * The processor natively handles unaligned loads, so we can just
  67  * cast the pointer and fetch through it.
  68  *
  69  * XXX - are those all the x86 tests we need?
  70  * XXX - do we need to worry about ARMv1 through ARMv5, which didn't
  71  * support unaligned loads, and, if so, do we need to worry about all
  72  * of them, or just some of them, e.g. ARMv5?
  73  * XXX - are those the only 68k tests we need not to generated
  74  * unaligned accesses if the target is the 68000 or 68010?
  75  * XXX - are there any tests we don't need, because some definitions are for
  76  * compilers that also predefine the GCC symbols?
  77  * XXX - do we need to test for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of those
  78  * architectures in all cases?
  79  */
  80 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint16_t
  81 EXTRACT_BE_U_2(const void *p)
  82 {
  83         return ((uint16_t)ntohs(*(const uint16_t *)(p)));
  84 }
  85
  86 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int16_t
  87 EXTRACT_BE_S_2(const void *p)
  88 {
  89         return ((int16_t)ntohs(*(const int16_t *)(p)));
  90 }
  91
  92 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint32_t
  93 EXTRACT_BE_U_4(const void *p)
  94 {
  95         return ((uint32_t)ntohl(*(const uint32_t *)(p)));
  96 }
  97
  98 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int32_t
  99 EXTRACT_BE_S_4(const void *p)
 100 {
 101         return ((int32_t)ntohl(*(const int32_t *)(p)));
 102 }
 103
 104 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint64_t
 105 EXTRACT_BE_U_8(const void *p)
 106 {
 107         return ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 0))) << 32 |
 108                 ((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 1))) << 0));
 109
 110 }
 111
 112 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int64_t
 113 EXTRACT_BE_S_8(const void *p)
 114 {
 115         return ((int64_t)(((int64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 0))) << 32 |
 116                 ((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 1))) << 0));
 117
 118 }
 119 #elif PCAP_IS_AT_LEAST_GNUC_VERSION(2,0) && \
 120     (defined(__alpha) || defined(__alpha__) || \
 121      defined(__mips) || defined(__mips__))
 122 /*
 123  * This is MIPS or Alpha, which don't natively handle unaligned loads,
 124  * but which have instructions that can help when doing unaligned
 125  * loads, and this is GCC 2.0 or later or a compiler that claims to
 126  * be GCC 2.0 or later, which we assume that mean we have
 127  * __attribute__((packed)), which we can use to convince the compiler
 128  * to generate those instructions.
 129  *
 130  * Declare packed structures containing a uint16_t and a uint32_t,
 131  * cast the pointer to point to one of those, and fetch through it;
 132  * the GCC manual doesn't appear to explicitly say that
 133  * __attribute__((packed)) causes the compiler to generate unaligned-safe
 134  * code, but it apppears to do so.
 135  *
 136  * We do this in case the compiler can generate code using those
 137  * instructions to do an unaligned load and pass stuff to "ntohs()" or
 138  * "ntohl()", which might be better than than the code to fetch the
 139  * bytes one at a time and assemble them.  (That might not be the
 140  * case on a little-endian platform, such as DEC's MIPS machines and
 141  * Alpha machines, where "ntohs()" and "ntohl()" might not be done
 142  * inline.)
 143  *
 144  * We do this only for specific architectures because, for example,
 145  * at least some versions of GCC, when compiling for 64-bit SPARC,
 146  * generate code that assumes alignment if we do this.
 147  *
 148  * XXX - add other architectures and compilers as possible and
 149  * appropriate.
 150  *
 151  * HP's C compiler, indicated by __HP_cc being defined, supports
 152  * "#pragma unaligned N" in version A.05.50 and later, where "N"
 153  * specifies a number of bytes at which the typedef on the next
 154  * line is aligned, e.g.
 155  *
 156  *      #pragma unalign 1
 157  *      typedef uint16_t unaligned_uint16_t;
 158  *
 159  * to define unaligned_uint16_t as a 16-bit unaligned data type.
 160  * This could be presumably used, in sufficiently recent versions of
 161  * the compiler, with macros similar to those below.  This would be
 162  * useful only if that compiler could generate better code for PA-RISC
 163  * or Itanium than would be generated by a bunch of shifts-and-ORs.
 164  *
 165  * DEC C, indicated by __DECC being defined, has, at least on Alpha,
 166  * an __unaligned qualifier that can be applied to pointers to get the
 167  * compiler to generate code that does unaligned loads and stores when
 168  * dereferencing the pointer in question.
 169  *
 170  * XXX - what if the native C compiler doesn't support
 171  * __attribute__((packed))?  How can we get it to generate unaligned
 172  * accesses for *specific* items?
 173  */
 174 typedef struct {
 175         uint16_t        val;
 176 } __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_uint16_t;
 177
 178 typedef struct {
 179         int16_t         val;
 180 } __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_int16_t;
 181
 182 typedef struct {
 183         uint32_t        val;
 184 } __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_uint32_t;
 185
 186 typedef struct {
 187         int32_t         val;
 188 } __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_int32_t;
 189
 190 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint16_t
 191 EXTRACT_BE_U_2(const void *p)
 192 {
 193         return ((uint16_t)ntohs(((const unaligned_uint16_t *)(p))->val));
 194 }
 195
 196 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int16_t
 197 EXTRACT_BE_S_2(const void *p)
 198 {
 199         return ((int16_t)ntohs(((const unaligned_int16_t *)(p))->val));
 200 }
 201
 202 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint32_t
 203 EXTRACT_BE_U_4(const void *p)
 204 {
 205         return ((uint32_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p))->val));
 206 }
 207
 208 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int32_t
 209 EXTRACT_BE_S_4(const void *p)
 210 {
 211         return ((int32_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_int32_t *)(p))->val));
 212 }
 213
 214 UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint64_t
 215 EXTRACT_BE_U_8(const void *p)
 216 {
 217         return ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 0)->val)) << 32 |
 218                 ((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 1)->val)) << 0));
 219 }
 220
 221 UNALIGNED_OK static inline int64_t
 222 EXTRACT_BE_S_8(const void *p)
 223 {
 224         return ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 0)->val)) << 32 |
 225                 ((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 1)->val)) << 0));
 226 }
 227 #else
 228 /*
 229  * This architecture doesn't natively support unaligned loads, and either
 230  * this isn't a GCC-compatible compiler, we don't have __attribute__,
 231  * or we do but we don't know of any better way with this instruction
 232  * set to do unaligned loads, so do unaligned loads of big-endian
 233  * quantities the hard way - fetch the bytes one at a time and
 234  * assemble them.
 235  */
 236 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_2(p) \
 237         ((uint16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 8) | \
 238                     ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 0)))
 239 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_2(p) \
 240         ((int16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 8) | \
 241                    ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 0)))
 242 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_4(p) \
 243         ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \
 244                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \
 245                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \
 246                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0)))
 247 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_4(p) \
 248         ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \
 249                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \
 250                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \
 251                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0)))
 252 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_8(p) \
 253         ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 56) | \
 254                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 48) | \
 255                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 40) | \
 256                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 32) | \
 257                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 24) | \
 258                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 16) | \
 259                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 8) | \
 260                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 0)))
 261 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_8(p) \
 262         ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 56) | \
 263                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 48) | \
 264                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 40) | \
 265                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 32) | \
 266                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 24) | \
 267                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 16) | \
 268                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 8) | \
 269                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 0)))
 270
 271 /*
 272  * Extract an IPv4 address, which is in network byte order, and not
 273  * necessarily aligned, and provide the result in host byte order.
 274  */
 275 #define EXTRACT_IPV4_TO_HOST_ORDER(p) \
 276         ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \
 277                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \
 278                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \
 279                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0)))
 280 #endif /* unaligned access checks */
 281
 282 /*
 283  * Non-power-of-2 sizes.
 284  */
 285 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_3(p) \
 286         ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
 287                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 288                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0)))
 289
 290 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_3(p) \
 291         (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
 292           ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
 293                      ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 294                      ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))) : \
 295           ((int32_t)(0xFF000000U | \
 296                      ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \
 297                      ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 298                      ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))))
 299
 300 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_5(p) \
 301         ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
 302                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
 303                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 304                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
 305                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0)))
 306
 307 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_5(p) \
 308         (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
 309           ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
 310                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
 311                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 312                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
 313                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))) : \
 314           ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFF0000000000U) | \
 315                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \
 316                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \
 317                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 318                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \
 319                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))))
 320
 321 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_6(p) \
 322         ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
 323                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
 324                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
 325                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
 326                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
 327                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0)))
 328
 329 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_6(p) \
 330         (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
 331            ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
 332                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
 333                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
 334                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
 335                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
 336                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))) : \
 337           ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFF00000000U) | \
 338                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \
 339                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \
 340                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \
 341                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \
 342                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \
 343                       ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))))
 344
 345 #define EXTRACT_BE_U_7(p) \
 346         ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
 347                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
 348                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
 349                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 350                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
 351                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
 352                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0)))
 353
 354 #define EXTRACT_BE_S_7(p) \
 355         (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \
 356           ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
 357                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
 358                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
 359                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 360                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
 361                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
 362                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))) : \
 363             ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFFFF000000U) | \
 364                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \
 365                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \
 366                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \
 367                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 368                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \
 369                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \
 370                      ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))))
 371
 372 /*
 373  * Macros to extract possibly-unaligned little-endian integral values.
 374  * XXX - do loads on little-endian machines that support unaligned loads?
 375  */
 376 #define EXTRACT_LE_U_2(p) \
 377         ((uint16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 378                     ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 379 #define EXTRACT_LE_S_2(p) \
 380         ((int16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 381                    ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 382 #define EXTRACT_LE_U_4(p) \
 383         ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 384                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 385                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 386                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 387 #define EXTRACT_LE_S_4(p) \
 388         ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 389                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 390                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 391                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 392 #define EXTRACT_LE_U_3(p) \
 393         ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 394                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 395                     ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 396 #define EXTRACT_LE_S_3(p) \
 397         ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 398                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 399                    ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 400 #define EXTRACT_LE_U_8(p) \
 401         ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 56) | \
 402                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 48) | \
 403                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 40) | \
 404                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 32) | \
 405                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 406                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 407                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 408                     ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))
 409 #define EXTRACT_LE_S_8(p) \
 410         ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 56) | \
 411                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 48) | \
 412                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 40) | \
 413                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 32) | \
 414                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \
 415                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \
 416                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \
 417                    ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0)))