[libpcap] / pcap-common.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 * written permission.
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * pcap-common.c - common code for pcap and pcap-ng files
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
#include <pcap-stdinc.h>
#else /* WIN32 */
#if HAVE_INTTYPES_H
#include <inttypes.h>
#elif HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_BITYPES_H
#include <sys/bitypes.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif /* WIN32 */

#include "pcap-int.h"
#include "pcap/usb.h"

#include "pcap-common.h"

/*
 * We don't write DLT_* values to capture files, because they're not the
 * same on all platforms.
 *
 * Unfortunately, the various flavors of BSD have not always used the same
 * numerical values for the same data types, and various patches to
 * libpcap for non-BSD OSes have added their own DLT_* codes for link
 * layer encapsulation types seen on those OSes, and those codes have had,
 * in some cases, values that were also used, on other platforms, for other
 * link layer encapsulation types.
 *
 * This means that capture files of a type whose numerical DLT_* code
 * means different things on different BSDs, or with different versions
 * of libpcap, can't always be read on systems other than those like
 * the one running on the machine on which the capture was made.
 *
 * Instead, we define here a set of LINKTYPE_* codes, and map DLT_* codes
 * to LINKTYPE_* codes when writing a savefile header, and map LINKTYPE_*
 * codes to DLT_* codes when reading a savefile header.
 *
 * For those DLT_* codes that have, as far as we know, the same values on
 * all platforms (DLT_NULL through DLT_FDDI), we define LINKTYPE_xxx as
 * DLT_xxx; that way, captures of those types can still be read by
 * versions of libpcap that map LINKTYPE_* values to DLT_* values, and
 * captures of those types written by versions of libpcap that map DLT_
 * values to LINKTYPE_ values can still be read by older versions
 * of libpcap.
 *
 * The other LINKTYPE_* codes are given values starting at 100, in the
 * hopes that no DLT_* code will be given one of those values.
 *
 * In order to ensure that a given LINKTYPE_* code's value will refer to
 * the same encapsulation type on all platforms, you should not allocate
 * a new LINKTYPE_* value without consulting
 * "tcpdump-workers@lists.tcpdump.org".  The tcpdump developers will
 * allocate a value for you, and will not subsequently allocate it to
 * anybody else; that value will be added to the "pcap.h" in the
 * tcpdump.org Git repository, so that a future libpcap release will
 * include it.
 *
 * You should, if possible, also contribute patches to libpcap and tcpdump
 * to handle the new encapsulation type, so that they can also be checked
 * into the tcpdump.org Git repository and so that they will appear in
 * future libpcap and tcpdump releases.
 *
 * Do *NOT* assume that any values after the largest value in this file
 * are available; you might not have the most up-to-date version of this
 * file, and new values after that one might have been assigned.  Also,
 * do *NOT* use any values below 100 - those might already have been
 * taken by one (or more!) organizations.
 *
 * Any platform that defines additional DLT_* codes should:
 *
 *      request a LINKTYPE_* code and value from tcpdump.org,
 *      as per the above;
 *
 *      add, in their version of libpcap, an entry to map
 *      those DLT_* codes to the corresponding LINKTYPE_*
 *      code;
 *
 *      redefine, in their "net/bpf.h", any DLT_* values
 *      that collide with the values used by their additional
 *      DLT_* codes, to remove those collisions (but without
 *      making them collide with any of the LINKTYPE_*
 *      values equal to 50 or above; they should also avoid
 *      defining DLT_* values that collide with those
 *      LINKTYPE_* values, either).
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NULL           DLT_NULL
#define LINKTYPE_ETHERNET       DLT_EN10MB      /* also for 100Mb and up */
#define LINKTYPE_EXP_ETHERNET   DLT_EN3MB       /* 3Mb experimental Ethernet */
#define LINKTYPE_AX25           DLT_AX25
#define LINKTYPE_PRONET         DLT_PRONET
#define LINKTYPE_CHAOS          DLT_CHAOS
#define LINKTYPE_TOKEN_RING     DLT_IEEE802     /* DLT_IEEE802 is used for Token Ring */
#define LINKTYPE_ARCNET_BSD     DLT_ARCNET      /* BSD-style headers */
#define LINKTYPE_SLIP           DLT_SLIP
#define LINKTYPE_PPP            DLT_PPP
#define LINKTYPE_FDDI           DLT_FDDI

/*
 * LINKTYPE_PPP is for use when there might, or might not, be an RFC 1662
 * PPP in HDLC-like framing header (with 0xff 0x03 before the PPP protocol
 * field) at the beginning of the packet.
 *
 * This is for use when there is always such a header; the address field
 * might be 0xff, for regular PPP, or it might be an address field for Cisco
 * point-to-point with HDLC framing as per section 4.3.1 of RFC 1547 ("Cisco
 * HDLC").  This is, for example, what you get with NetBSD's DLT_PPP_SERIAL.
 *
 * We give it the same value as NetBSD's DLT_PPP_SERIAL, in the hopes that
 * nobody else will choose a DLT_ value of 50, and so that DLT_PPP_SERIAL
 * captures will be written out with a link type that NetBSD's tcpdump
 * can read.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_PPP_HDLC       50              /* PPP in HDLC-like framing */

#define LINKTYPE_PPP_ETHER      51              /* NetBSD PPP-over-Ethernet */

#define LINKTYPE_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL 99           /* Symantec Enterprise Firewall */

/*
 * These correspond to DLT_s that have different values on different
 * platforms; we map between these values in capture files and
 * the DLT_ values as returned by pcap_datalink() and passed to
 * pcap_open_dead().
 */
#define LINKTYPE_ATM_RFC1483    100             /* LLC/SNAP-encapsulated ATM */
#define LINKTYPE_RAW            101             /* raw IP */
#define LINKTYPE_SLIP_BSDOS     102             /* BSD/OS SLIP BPF header */
#define LINKTYPE_PPP_BSDOS      103             /* BSD/OS PPP BPF header */

/*
 * Values starting with 104 are used for newly-assigned link-layer
 * header type values; for those link-layer header types, the DLT_
 * value returned by pcap_datalink() and passed to pcap_open_dead(),
 * and the LINKTYPE_ value that appears in capture files, are the
 * same.
 *
 * LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MIN is the lowest such value; LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MAX
 * is the highest such value.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MIN   104             /* lowest value in the "matching" range */

#define LINKTYPE_C_HDLC         104             /* Cisco HDLC */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11     105             /* IEEE 802.11 (wireless) */
#define LINKTYPE_ATM_CLIP       106             /* Linux Classical IP over ATM */
#define LINKTYPE_FRELAY         107             /* Frame Relay */
#define LINKTYPE_LOOP           108             /* OpenBSD loopback */
#define LINKTYPE_ENC            109             /* OpenBSD IPSEC enc */

/*
 * These three types are reserved for future use.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_LANE8023       110             /* ATM LANE + 802.3 */
#define LINKTYPE_HIPPI          111             /* NetBSD HIPPI */
#define LINKTYPE_HDLC           112             /* NetBSD HDLC framing */

#define LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL      113             /* Linux cooked socket capture */
#define LINKTYPE_LTALK          114             /* Apple LocalTalk hardware */
#define LINKTYPE_ECONET         115             /* Acorn Econet */

/*
 * Reserved for use with OpenBSD ipfilter.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPFILTER       116

#define LINKTYPE_PFLOG          117             /* OpenBSD DLT_PFLOG */
#define LINKTYPE_CISCO_IOS      118             /* For Cisco-internal use */
#define LINKTYPE_PRISM_HEADER   119             /* 802.11+Prism II monitor mode */
#define LINKTYPE_AIRONET_HEADER 120             /* FreeBSD Aironet driver stuff */

/*
 * Reserved for Siemens HiPath HDLC.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_HHDLC          121

#define LINKTYPE_IP_OVER_FC     122             /* RFC 2625 IP-over-Fibre Channel */
#define LINKTYPE_SUNATM         123             /* Solaris+SunATM */

/*
 * Reserved as per request from Kent Dahlgren <kent@praesum.com>
 * for private use.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_RIO            124             /* RapidIO */
#define LINKTYPE_PCI_EXP        125             /* PCI Express */
#define LINKTYPE_AURORA         126             /* Xilinx Aurora link layer */

#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_RADIO 127           /* 802.11 plus BSD radio header */

/*
 * Reserved for the TZSP encapsulation, as per request from
 * Chris Waters <chris.waters@networkchemistry.com>
 * TZSP is a generic encapsulation for any other link type,
 * which includes a means to include meta-information
 * with the packet, e.g. signal strength and channel
 * for 802.11 packets.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_TZSP           128             /* Tazmen Sniffer Protocol */

#define LINKTYPE_ARCNET_LINUX   129             /* Linux-style headers */

/*
 * Juniper-private data link types, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>.  The corresponding
 * DLT_s are used for passing on chassis-internal
 * metainformation such as QOS profiles, etc..
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MLPPP  130
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MLFR   131
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ES     132
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_GGSN   133
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MFR    134
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM2   135
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_SERVICES 136
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM1   137

#define LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394 138     /* Apple IP-over-IEEE 1394 cooked header */

#define LINKTYPE_MTP2_WITH_PHDR 139
#define LINKTYPE_MTP2           140
#define LINKTYPE_MTP3           141
#define LINKTYPE_SCCP           142

#define LINKTYPE_DOCSIS         143             /* DOCSIS MAC frames */

#define LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA     144             /* Linux-IrDA */

/*
 * Reserved for IBM SP switch and IBM Next Federation switch.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IBM_SP         145
#define LINKTYPE_IBM_SN         146

/*
 * Reserved for private use.  If you have some link-layer header type
 * that you want to use within your organization, with the capture files
 * using that link-layer header type not ever be sent outside your
 * organization, you can use these values.
 *
 * No libpcap release will use these for any purpose, nor will any
 * tcpdump release use them, either.
 *
 * Do *NOT* use these in capture files that you expect anybody not using
 * your private versions of capture-file-reading tools to read; in
 * particular, do *NOT* use them in products, otherwise you may find that
 * people won't be able to use tcpdump, or snort, or Ethereal, or... to
 * read capture files from your firewall/intrusion detection/traffic
 * monitoring/etc. appliance, or whatever product uses that LINKTYPE_ value,
 * and you may also find that the developers of those applications will
 * not accept patches to let them read those files.
 *
 * Also, do not use them if somebody might send you a capture using them
 * for *their* private type and tools using them for *your* private type
 * would have to read them.
 *
 * Instead, in those cases, ask "tcpdump-workers@lists.tcpdump.org" for a
 * new DLT_ and LINKTYPE_ value, as per the comment in pcap/bpf.h, and use
 * the type you're given.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_USER0          147
#define LINKTYPE_USER1          148
#define LINKTYPE_USER2          149
#define LINKTYPE_USER3          150
#define LINKTYPE_USER4          151
#define LINKTYPE_USER5          152
#define LINKTYPE_USER6          153
#define LINKTYPE_USER7          154
#define LINKTYPE_USER8          155
#define LINKTYPE_USER9          156
#define LINKTYPE_USER10         157
#define LINKTYPE_USER11         158
#define LINKTYPE_USER12         159
#define LINKTYPE_USER13         160
#define LINKTYPE_USER14         161
#define LINKTYPE_USER15         162

/*
 * For future use with 802.11 captures - defined by AbsoluteValue
 * Systems to store a number of bits of link-layer information
 * including radio information:
 *
 *      http://www.shaftnet.org/~pizza/software/capturefrm.txt
 *
 * but could and arguably should also be used by non-AVS Linux
 * 802.11 drivers; that may happen in the future.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS 163       /* 802.11 plus AVS radio header */

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>.  The corresponding
 * DLT_s are used for passing on chassis-internal
 * metainformation such as QOS profiles, etc..
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MONITOR 164

/*
 * BACnet MS/TP frames.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_BACNET_MS_TP   165

/*
 * Another PPP variant as per request from Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>.
 *
 * This is used in some OSes to allow a kernel socket filter to distinguish
 * between incoming and outgoing packets, on a socket intended to
 * supply pppd with outgoing packets so it can do dial-on-demand and
 * hangup-on-lack-of-demand; incoming packets are filtered out so they
 * don't cause pppd to hold the connection up (you don't want random
 * input packets such as port scans, packets from old lost connections,
 * etc. to force the connection to stay up).
 *
 * The first byte of the PPP header (0xff03) is modified to accomodate
 * the direction - 0x00 = IN, 0x01 = OUT.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_PPP_PPPD       166

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>.  The DLT_s are used
 * for passing on chassis-internal metainformation such as
 * QOS profiles, cookies, etc..
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPPOE     167
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPPOE_ATM 168

#define LINKTYPE_GPRS_LLC       169             /* GPRS LLC */
#define LINKTYPE_GPF_T          170             /* GPF-T (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303) */
#define LINKTYPE_GPF_F          171             /* GPF-T (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303) */

/*
 * Requested by Oolan Zimmer <oz@gcom.com> for use in Gcom's T1/E1 line
 * monitoring equipment.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_GCOM_T1E1      172
#define LINKTYPE_GCOM_SERIAL    173

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>.  The DLT_ is used
 * for internal communication to Physical Interface Cards (PIC)
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PIC_PEER    174

/*
 * Link types requested by Gregor Maier <gregor@endace.com> of Endace
 * Measurement Systems.  They add an ERF header (see
 * http://www.endace.com/support/EndaceRecordFormat.pdf) in front of
 * the link-layer header.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_ERF_ETH        175     /* Ethernet */
#define LINKTYPE_ERF_POS        176     /* Packet-over-SONET */

/*
 * Requested by Daniele Orlandi <daniele@orlandi.com> for raw LAPD
 * for vISDN (http://www.orlandi.com/visdn/).  Its link-layer header
 * includes additional information before the LAPD header, so it's
 * not necessarily a generic LAPD header.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD     177

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 * The Link Types are used for prepending meta-information
 * like interface index, interface name
 * before standard Ethernet, PPP, Frelay & C-HDLC Frames
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ETHER  178
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPP    179
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_FRELAY 180
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_CHDLC  181

/*
 * Multi Link Frame Relay (FRF.16)
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MFR            182

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 * The DLT_ is used for internal communication with a
 * voice Adapter Card (PIC)
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_VP     183

/*
 * Arinc 429 frames.
 * DLT_ requested by Gianluca Varenni <gianluca.varenni@cacetech.com>.
 * Every frame contains a 32bit A429 label.
 * More documentation on Arinc 429 can be found at
 * http://www.condoreng.com/support/downloads/tutorials/ARINCTutorial.pdf
 */
#define LINKTYPE_A429           184

/*
 * Arinc 653 Interpartition Communication messages.
 * DLT_ requested by Gianluca Varenni <gianluca.varenni@cacetech.com>.
 * Please refer to the A653-1 standard for more information.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_A653_ICM       185

/*
 * USB packets, beginning with a USB setup header; requested by
 * Paolo Abeni <paolo.abeni@email.it>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_USB            186

/*
 * Bluetooth HCI UART transport layer (part H:4); requested by
 * Paolo Abeni.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4       187

/*
 * IEEE 802.16 MAC Common Part Sublayer; requested by Maria Cruz
 * <cruz_petagay@bah.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS     188

/*
 * USB packets, beginning with a Linux USB header; requested by
 * Paolo Abeni <paolo.abeni@email.it>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX              189

/*
 * Controller Area Network (CAN) v. 2.0B packets.
 * DLT_ requested by Gianluca Varenni <gianluca.varenni@cacetech.com>.
 * Used to dump CAN packets coming from a CAN Vector board.
 * More documentation on the CAN v2.0B frames can be found at
 * http://www.can-cia.org/downloads/?269
 */
#define LINKTYPE_CAN20B         190

/*
 * IEEE 802.15.4, with address fields padded, as is done by Linux
 * drivers; requested by Juergen Schimmer.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_LINUX     191

/*
 * Per Packet Information encapsulated packets.
 * LINKTYPE_ requested by Gianluca Varenni <gianluca.varenni@cacetech.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_PPI                    192

/*
 * Header for 802.16 MAC Common Part Sublayer plus a radiotap radio header;
 * requested by Charles Clancy.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS_RADIO       193

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 * The DLT_ is used for internal communication with a
 * integrated service module (ISM).
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ISM    194

/*
 * IEEE 802.15.4, exactly as it appears in the spec (no padding, no
 * nothing); requested by Mikko Saarnivala <mikko.saarnivala@sensinode.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4   195

/*
 * Various link-layer types, with a pseudo-header, for SITA
 * (http://www.sita.aero/); requested by Fulko Hew (fulko.hew@gmail.com).
 */
#define LINKTYPE_SITA           196

/*
 * Various link-layer types, with a pseudo-header, for Endace DAG cards;
 * encapsulates Endace ERF records.  Requested by Stephen Donnelly
 * <stephen@endace.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_ERF            197

/*
 * Special header prepended to Ethernet packets when capturing from a
 * u10 Networks board.  Requested by Phil Mulholland
 * <phil@u10networks.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_RAIF1          198

/*
 * IPMB packet for IPMI, beginning with the I2C slave address, followed
 * by the netFn and LUN, etc..  Requested by Chanthy Toeung
 * <chanthy.toeung@ca.kontron.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPMB           199

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 * The DLT_ is used for capturing data on a secure tunnel interface.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ST     200

/*
 * Bluetooth HCI UART transport layer (part H:4), with pseudo-header
 * that includes direction information; requested by Paolo Abeni.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4_WITH_PHDR     201

/*
 * AX.25 packet with a 1-byte KISS header; see
 *
 *      http://www.ax25.net/kiss.htm
 *
 * as per Richard Stearn <richard@rns-stearn.demon.co.uk>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_AX25_KISS      202

/*
 * LAPD packets from an ISDN channel, starting with the address field,
 * with no pseudo-header.
 * Requested by Varuna De Silva <varunax@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_LAPD           203

/*
 * Variants of various link-layer headers, with a one-byte direction
 * pseudo-header prepended - zero means "received by this host",
 * non-zero (any non-zero value) means "sent by this host" - as per
 * Will Barker <w.barker@zen.co.uk>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_PPP_WITH_DIR   204     /* PPP */
#define LINKTYPE_C_HDLC_WITH_DIR 205    /* Cisco HDLC */
#define LINKTYPE_FRELAY_WITH_DIR 206    /* Frame Relay */
#define LINKTYPE_LAPB_WITH_DIR  207     /* LAPB */

/*
 * 208 is reserved for an as-yet-unspecified proprietary link-layer
 * type, as requested by Will Barker.
 */

/*
 * IPMB with a Linux-specific pseudo-header; as requested by Alexey Neyman
 * <avn@pigeonpoint.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPMB_LINUX     209

/*
 * FlexRay automotive bus - http://www.flexray.com/ - as requested
 * by Hannes Kaelber <hannes.kaelber@x2e.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY        210

/*
 * Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) bus for multimedia
 * transport - http://www.mostcooperation.com/ - as requested
 * by Hannes Kaelber <hannes.kaelber@x2e.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MOST           211

/*
 * Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus for vehicle networks -
 * http://www.lin-subbus.org/ - as requested by Hannes Kaelber
 * <hannes.kaelber@x2e.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_LIN            212

/*
 * X2E-private data link type used for serial line capture,
 * as requested by Hannes Kaelber <hannes.kaelber@x2e.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_X2E_SERIAL     213

/*
 * X2E-private data link type used for the Xoraya data logger
 * family, as requested by Hannes Kaelber <hannes.kaelber@x2e.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_X2E_XORAYA     214

/*
 * IEEE 802.15.4, exactly as it appears in the spec (no padding, no
 * nothing), but with the PHY-level data for non-ASK PHYs (4 octets
 * of 0 as preamble, one octet of SFD, one octet of frame length+
 * reserved bit, and then the MAC-layer data, starting with the
 * frame control field).
 *
 * Requested by Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NONASK_PHY        215

/* 
 * David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> requested this for
 * captures from the Linux kernel /dev/input/eventN devices. This
 * is used to communicate keystrokes and mouse movements from the
 * Linux kernel to display systems, such as Xorg. 
 */
#define LINKTYPE_LINUX_EVDEV    216

/*
 * GSM Um and Abis interfaces, preceded by a "gsmtap" header.
 *
 * Requested by Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_GSMTAP_UM      217
#define LINKTYPE_GSMTAP_ABIS    218

/*
 * MPLS, with an MPLS label as the link-layer header.
 * Requested by Michele Marchetto <michele@openbsd.org> on behalf
 * of OpenBSD.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MPLS           219

/*
 * USB packets, beginning with a Linux USB header, with the USB header
 * padded to 64 bytes; required for memory-mapped access.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED              220

/*
 * DECT packets, with a pseudo-header; requested by
 * Matthias Wenzel <tcpdump@mazzoo.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_DECT           221

/*
 * From: "Lidwa, Eric (GSFC-582.0)[SGT INC]" <eric.lidwa-1@nasa.gov>
 * Date: Mon, 11 May 2009 11:18:30 -0500
 *
 * DLT_AOS. We need it for AOS Space Data Link Protocol.
 *   I have already written dissectors for but need an OK from
 *   legal before I can submit a patch.
 *
 */
#define LINKTYPE_AOS            222

/*
 * Wireless HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)
 * From the HART Communication Foundation
 * IES/PAS 62591
 *
 * Requested by Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_WIHART         223

/*
 * Fibre Channel FC-2 frames, beginning with a Frame_Header.
 * Requested by Kahou Lei <kahou82@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_FC_2           224

/*
 * Fibre Channel FC-2 frames, beginning with an encoding of the
 * SOF, and ending with an encoding of the EOF.
 *
 * The encodings represent the frame delimiters as 4-byte sequences
 * representing the corresponding ordered sets, with K28.5
 * represented as 0xBC, and the D symbols as the corresponding
 * byte values; for example, SOFi2, which is K28.5 - D21.5 - D1.2 - D21.2,
 * is represented as 0xBC 0xB5 0x55 0x55.
 *
 * Requested by Kahou Lei <kahou82@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_FC_2_WITH_FRAME_DELIMS         225

/*
 * Solaris ipnet pseudo-header; requested by Darren Reed <Darren.Reed@Sun.COM>.
 *
 * The pseudo-header starts with a one-byte version number; for version 2,
 * the pseudo-header is:
 *
 * struct dl_ipnetinfo {
 *     u_int8_t   dli_version;
 *     u_int8_t   dli_family;
 *     u_int16_t  dli_htype;
 *     u_int32_t  dli_pktlen;
 *     u_int32_t  dli_ifindex;
 *     u_int32_t  dli_grifindex;
 *     u_int32_t  dli_zsrc;
 *     u_int32_t  dli_zdst;
 * };
 *
 * dli_version is 2 for the current version of the pseudo-header.
 *
 * dli_family is a Solaris address family value, so it's 2 for IPv4
 * and 26 for IPv6.
 *
 * dli_htype is a "hook type" - 0 for incoming packets, 1 for outgoing
 * packets, and 2 for packets arriving from another zone on the same
 * machine.
 *
 * dli_pktlen is the length of the packet data following the pseudo-header
 * (so the captured length minus dli_pktlen is the length of the
 * pseudo-header, assuming the entire pseudo-header was captured).
 *
 * dli_ifindex is the interface index of the interface on which the
 * packet arrived.
 *
 * dli_grifindex is the group interface index number (for IPMP interfaces).
 *
 * dli_zsrc is the zone identifier for the source of the packet.
 *
 * dli_zdst is the zone identifier for the destination of the packet.
 *
 * A zone number of 0 is the global zone; a zone number of 0xffffffff
 * means that the packet arrived from another host on the network, not
 * from another zone on the same machine.
 *
 * An IPv4 or IPv6 datagram follows the pseudo-header; dli_family indicates
 * which of those it is.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPNET          226

/*
 * CAN (Controller Area Network) frames, with a pseudo-header as supplied
 * by Linux SocketCAN.  See Documentation/networking/can.txt in the Linux
 * source.
 *
 * Requested by Felix Obenhuber <felix@obenhuber.de>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN  227

/*
 * Raw IPv4/IPv6; different from DLT_RAW in that the DLT_ value specifies
 * whether it's v4 or v6.  Requested by Darren Reed <Darren.Reed@Sun.COM>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPV4           228
#define LINKTYPE_IPV6           229

/*
 * IEEE 802.15.4, exactly as it appears in the spec (no padding, no
 * nothing), and with no FCS at the end of the frame; requested by
 * Jon Smirl <jonsmirl@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NOFCS             230

/*
 * Raw D-Bus:
 *
 *      http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus
 *
 * messages:
 *
 *      http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#message-protocol-messages
 *
 * starting with the endianness flag, followed by the message type, etc.,
 * but without the authentication handshake before the message sequence:
 *
 *      http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#auth-protocol
 *
 * Requested by Martin Vidner <martin@vidner.net>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_DBUS           231

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_VS                     232
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_SRX_E2E                233
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_FIBRECHANNEL           234

/*
 * DVB-CI (DVB Common Interface for communication between a PC Card
 * module and a DVB receiver).  See
 *
 *      http://www.kaiser.cx/pcap-dvbci.html
 *
 * for the specification.
 *
 * Requested by Martin Kaiser <martin@kaiser.cx>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_DVB_CI         235

/*
 * Variant of 3GPP TS 27.010 multiplexing protocol.  Requested
 * by Hans-Christoph Schemmel <hans-christoph.schemmel@cinterion.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MUX27010       236

/*
 * STANAG 5066 D_PDUs.  Requested by M. Baris Demiray
 * <barisdemiray@gmail.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_STANAG_5066_D_PDU              237

/*
 * Juniper-private data link type, as per request from
 * Hannes Gredler <hannes@juniper.net>. 
 */
#define LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM_CEMIC              238

/*
 * NetFilter LOG messages 
 * (payload of netlink NFNL_SUBSYS_ULOG/NFULNL_MSG_PACKET packets)
 *
 * Requested by Jakub Zawadzki <darkjames-ws@darkjames.pl>
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NFLOG          239

/*
 * Hilscher Gesellschaft fuer Systemautomation mbH link-layer type
 * for Ethernet packets with a 4-byte pseudo-header and always
 * with the payload including the FCS, as supplied by their
 * netANALYZER hardware and software.
 *
 * Requested by Holger P. Frommer <HPfrommer@hilscher.com>
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER    240

/*
 * Hilscher Gesellschaft fuer Systemautomation mbH link-layer type
 * for Ethernet packets with a 4-byte pseudo-header and FCS and
 * 1 byte of SFD, as supplied by their netANALYZER hardware and
 * software.
 *
 * Requested by Holger P. Frommer <HPfrommer@hilscher.com>
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT        241

/*
 * IP-over-Infiniband, as specified by RFC 4391.
 *
 * Requested by Petr Sumbera <petr.sumbera@oracle.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_IPOIB          242

/*
 * MPEG-2 transport stream (ISO 13818-1/ITU-T H.222.0).
 *
 * Requested by Guy Martin <gmsoft@tuxicoman.be>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_MPEG_2_TS      243

/*
 * ng4T GmbH's UMTS Iub/Iur-over-ATM and Iub/Iur-over-IP format as
 * used by their ng40 protocol tester.
 *
 * Requested by Jens Grimmer <jens.grimmer@ng4t.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NG40           244

/*
 * Pseudo-header giving adapter number and flags, followed by an NFC
 * (Near-Field Communications) Logical Link Control Protocol (LLCP) PDU,
 * as specified by NFC Forum Logical Link Control Protocol Technical
 * Specification LLCP 1.1.
 *
 * Requested by Mike Wakerly <mikey@google.com>.
 */
#define LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP       245

/*
 * pfsync output; DLT_PFSYNC is 18, which collides with DLT_CIP in
 * SuSE 6.3, on OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, and Mac OS X, and
 * is 121, which collides with DLT_HHDLC, in FreeBSD.  We pick a
 * shiny new link-layer header type value that doesn't collide with
 * anything, in the hopes that future pfsync savefiles, if any,
 * won't require special hacks to distinguish from other savefiles.
 *
 */
#define LINKTYPE_PFSYNC         246

#define LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MAX   246             /* highest value in the "matching" range */

static struct linktype_map {
        int     dlt;
        int     linktype;
} map[] = {
        /*
         * These DLT_* codes have LINKTYPE_* codes with values identical
         * to the values of the corresponding DLT_* code.
         */
        { DLT_NULL,             LINKTYPE_NULL },
        { DLT_EN10MB,           LINKTYPE_ETHERNET },
        { DLT_EN3MB,            LINKTYPE_EXP_ETHERNET },
        { DLT_AX25,             LINKTYPE_AX25 },
        { DLT_PRONET,           LINKTYPE_PRONET },
        { DLT_CHAOS,            LINKTYPE_CHAOS },
        { DLT_IEEE802,          LINKTYPE_TOKEN_RING },
        { DLT_ARCNET,           LINKTYPE_ARCNET_BSD },
        { DLT_SLIP,             LINKTYPE_SLIP },
        { DLT_PPP,              LINKTYPE_PPP },
        { DLT_FDDI,             LINKTYPE_FDDI },
        { DLT_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL, LINKTYPE_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL },

        /*
         * These DLT_* codes have different values on different
         * platforms; we map them to LINKTYPE_* codes that
         * have values that should never be equal to any DLT_*
         * code.
         */
#ifdef DLT_FR
        /* BSD/OS Frame Relay */
        { DLT_FR,               LINKTYPE_FRELAY },
#endif

        { DLT_ATM_RFC1483,      LINKTYPE_ATM_RFC1483 },
        { DLT_RAW,              LINKTYPE_RAW },
        { DLT_SLIP_BSDOS,       LINKTYPE_SLIP_BSDOS },
        { DLT_PPP_BSDOS,        LINKTYPE_PPP_BSDOS },

        /* BSD/OS Cisco HDLC */
        { DLT_C_HDLC,           LINKTYPE_C_HDLC },

        /*
         * These DLT_* codes are not on all platforms, but, so far,
         * there don't appear to be any platforms that define
         * other codes with those values; we map them to
         * different LINKTYPE_* values anyway, just in case.
         */

        /* Linux ATM Classical IP */
        { DLT_ATM_CLIP,         LINKTYPE_ATM_CLIP },

        /* NetBSD sync/async serial PPP (or Cisco HDLC) */
        { DLT_PPP_SERIAL,       LINKTYPE_PPP_HDLC },

        /* NetBSD PPP over Ethernet */
        { DLT_PPP_ETHER,        LINKTYPE_PPP_ETHER },

        /*
         * All LINKTYPE_ values between LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MIN
         * and LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MAX are mapped to identical
         * DLT_ values.
         */

        { -1,                   -1 }
};

int
dlt_to_linktype(int dlt)
{
        int i;

        /*
         * Map DLT_PFSYNC, whatever it might be, to LINKTYPE_PFSYNC.
         */
        if (dlt == DLT_PFSYNC)
                return (LINKTYPE_PFSYNC);

        /*
         * Map the values in the matching range.
         */
        if (dlt >= DLT_MATCHING_MIN && dlt <= DLT_MATCHING_MAX)
                return (dlt);

        /*
         * Map the values outside that range.
         */
        for (i = 0; map[i].dlt != -1; i++) {
                if (map[i].dlt == dlt)
                        return (map[i].linktype);
        }

        /*
         * If we don't have a mapping for this DLT_ code, return an
         * error; that means that this is a value with no corresponding
         * LINKTYPE_ code, and we need to assign one.
         */
        return (-1);
}

int
linktype_to_dlt(int linktype)
{
        int i;

        /*
         * Map LINKTYPE_PFSYNC to DLT_PFSYNC, whatever it might be.
         * LINKTYPE_PFSYNC is in the matching range, to make sure
         * it's as safe from reuse as we can arrange, so we do
         * this test first.
         */
        if (linktype == LINKTYPE_PFSYNC)
                return (DLT_PFSYNC);

        /*
         * Map the values in the matching range.
         */
        if (linktype >= LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MIN &&
            linktype <= LINKTYPE_MATCHING_MAX)
                return (linktype);

        /*
         * Map the values outside that range.
         */
        for (i = 0; map[i].linktype != -1; i++) {
                if (map[i].linktype == linktype)
                        return (map[i].dlt);
        }

        /*
         * If we don't have an entry for this link type, return
         * the link type value; it may be a DLT_ value from an
         * older version of libpcap.
         */
        return linktype;
}

/*
 * The DLT_USB_LINUX and DLT_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED headers are in host
 * byte order when capturing (it's supplied directly from a
 * memory-mapped buffer shared by the kernel).
 *
 * When reading a DLT_USB_LINUX or DLT_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED capture file,
 * we need to convert it from the capturing host's byte order to
 * the reading host's byte order.
 */
void
swap_linux_usb_header(const struct pcap_pkthdr *hdr, u_char *buf,
    int header_len_64_bytes)
{
        pcap_usb_header_mmapped *uhdr = (pcap_usb_header_mmapped *)buf;
        bpf_u_int32 offset = 0;
        usb_isodesc *pisodesc;
        int32_t numdesc, i;

        /*
         * "offset" is the offset *past* the field we're swapping;
         * we skip the field *before* checking to make sure
         * the captured data length includes the entire field.
         */

        /*
         * The URB id is a totally opaque value; do we really need to 
         * convert it to the reading host's byte order???
         */
        offset += 8;                    /* skip past id */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->id = SWAPLL(uhdr->id);

        offset += 4;                    /* skip past various 1-byte fields */

        offset += 2;                    /* skip past bus_id */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->bus_id = SWAPSHORT(uhdr->bus_id);

        offset += 2;                    /* skip past various 1-byte fields */

        offset += 8;                    /* skip past ts_sec */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->ts_sec = SWAPLL(uhdr->ts_sec);

        offset += 4;                    /* skip past ts_usec */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->ts_usec = SWAPLONG(uhdr->ts_usec);

        offset += 4;                    /* skip past status */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->status = SWAPLONG(uhdr->status);

        offset += 4;                    /* skip past urb_len */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->urb_len = SWAPLONG(uhdr->urb_len);

        offset += 4;                    /* skip past data_len */
        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                return;
        uhdr->data_len = SWAPLONG(uhdr->data_len);

        if (uhdr->transfer_type == URB_ISOCHRONOUS) {
                offset += 4;                    /* skip past s.iso.error_count */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->s.iso.error_count = SWAPLONG(uhdr->s.iso.error_count);

                offset += 4;                    /* skip past s.iso.numdesc */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->s.iso.numdesc = SWAPLONG(uhdr->s.iso.numdesc);
        } else
                offset += 8;                    /* skip USB setup header */

        if (header_len_64_bytes) {
                /*
                 * This is either the "version 1" header, with
                 * 16 bytes of additional fields at the end, or
                 * a "version 0" header from a memory-mapped
                 * capture, with 16 bytes of zeroed-out padding
                 * at the end.  Byte swap them as if this were
                 * a "version 1" header.
                 */
                offset += 4;                    /* skip past interval */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->interval = SWAPLONG(uhdr->interval);

                offset += 4;                    /* skip past start_frame */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->start_frame = SWAPLONG(uhdr->start_frame);

                offset += 4;                    /* skip past xfer_flags */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->xfer_flags = SWAPLONG(uhdr->xfer_flags);

                offset += 4;                    /* skip past ndesc */
                if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                        return;
                uhdr->ndesc = SWAPLONG(uhdr->ndesc);
        }       

        if (uhdr->transfer_type == URB_ISOCHRONOUS) {
                /* swap the values in struct linux_usb_isodesc */
                pisodesc = (usb_isodesc *)(void *)(buf+offset);
                numdesc = uhdr->s.iso.numdesc;
                for (i = 0; i < numdesc; i++) {
                        offset += 4;            /* skip past status */
                        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                                return;
                        pisodesc->status = SWAPLONG(pisodesc->status);

                        offset += 4;            /* skip past offset */
                        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                                return;
                        pisodesc->offset = SWAPLONG(pisodesc->offset);

                        offset += 4;            /* skip past len */
                        if (hdr->caplen < offset)
                                return;
                        pisodesc->len = SWAPLONG(pisodesc->len);

                        offset += 4;            /* skip past padding */

                        pisodesc++;
                }
        }
}