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Add support for sending packets; includes contributions from Mark
[libpcap] / pcap-win32.c
1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1999 - 2003
3 * NetGroup, Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
4 * All rights reserved.
5 *
6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * are met:
9 *
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the Politecnico di Torino nor the names of its
16 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
17 * this software without specific prior written permission.
18 *
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
20 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
21 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
22 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
23 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
24 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
25 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
26 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
27 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
28 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
29 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30 *
31 */
32
33 #ifndef lint
34 static const char rcsid[] _U_ =
35 "@(#) $Header: /tcpdump/master/libpcap/pcap-win32.c,v 1.21 2004-03-23 19:18:07 guy Exp $ (LBL)";
36 #endif
37
38 #include <pcap-int.h>
39 #include <packet32.h>
40 #include <Ntddndis.h>
41 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
42 #include <dagnew.h>
43 #include <dagapi.h>
44 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
45 #ifdef __MINGW32__
46 int* _errno();
47 #define errno (*_errno())
48 #endif /* __MINGW32__ */
49
50 static int pcap_setfilter_win32_npf(pcap_t *, struct bpf_program *);
51 static int pcap_setfilter_win32_dag(pcap_t *, struct bpf_program *);
52 static int pcap_getnonblock_win32(pcap_t *, char *);
53 static int pcap_setnonblock_win32(pcap_t *, int, char *);
54
55 #define PcapBufSize 256000 /*dimension of the buffer in the pcap_t structure*/
56 #define SIZE_BUF 1000000
57
58 /* Equivalent to ntohs(), but a lot faster under Windows */
59 #define SWAPS(_X) ((_X & 0xff) << 8) | (_X >> 8)
60
61 /*
62 * Header that the WinPcap driver associates to the packets.
63 * Once was in bpf.h
64 */
65 struct bpf_hdr {
66 struct timeval bh_tstamp; /* time stamp */
67 bpf_u_int32 bh_caplen; /* length of captured portion */
68 bpf_u_int32 bh_datalen; /* original length of packet */
69 u_short bh_hdrlen; /* length of bpf header (this struct
70 plus alignment padding) */
71 };
72
73 /* Start winsock */
74 int
75 wsockinit()
76 {
77 WORD wVersionRequested;
78 WSADATA wsaData;
79 int err;
80 wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( 1, 1);
81 err = WSAStartup( wVersionRequested, &wsaData );
82 if ( err != 0 )
83 {
84 return -1;
85 }
86 return 0;
87 }
88
89
90 static int
91 pcap_stats_win32(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_stat *ps)
92 {
93
94 if(PacketGetStats(p->adapter, (struct bpf_stat*)ps) != TRUE){
95 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "PacketGetStats error: %s", pcap_win32strerror());
96 return -1;
97 }
98
99 return 0;
100 }
101
102 static int
103 pcap_read_win32_npf(pcap_t *p, int cnt, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
104 {
105 int cc;
106 int n = 0;
107 register u_char *bp, *ep;
108
109 cc = p->cc;
110 if (p->cc == 0) {
111 /*
112 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
113 */
114 if (p->break_loop) {
115 /*
116 * Yes - clear the flag that indicates that it
117 * has, and return -2 to indicate that we were
118 * told to break out of the loop.
119 */
120 p->break_loop = 0;
121 return (-2);
122 }
123
124 /* capture the packets */
125 if(PacketReceivePacket(p->adapter,p->Packet,TRUE)==FALSE){
126 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "read error: PacketReceivePacket failed");
127 return (-1);
128 }
129
130 cc = p->Packet->ulBytesReceived;
131
132 bp = p->Packet->Buffer;
133 }
134 else
135 bp = p->bp;
136
137 /*
138 * Loop through each packet.
139 */
140 #define bhp ((struct bpf_hdr *)bp)
141 ep = bp + cc;
142 while (1) {
143 register int caplen, hdrlen;
144
145 /*
146 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
147 * If so, return immediately - if we haven't read any
148 * packets, clear the flag and return -2 to indicate
149 * that we were told to break out of the loop, otherwise
150 * leave the flag set, so that the *next* call will break
151 * out of the loop without having read any packets, and
152 * return the number of packets we've processed so far.
153 */
154 if (p->break_loop) {
155 if (n == 0) {
156 p->break_loop = 0;
157 return (-2);
158 } else {
159 p->bp = bp;
160 p->cc = ep - bp;
161 return (n);
162 }
163 }
164 if (bp >= ep)
165 break;
166
167 caplen = bhp->bh_caplen;
168 hdrlen = bhp->bh_hdrlen;
169
170 /*
171 * XXX A bpf_hdr matches a pcap_pkthdr.
172 */
173 (*callback)(user, (struct pcap_pkthdr*)bp, bp + hdrlen);
174 bp += BPF_WORDALIGN(caplen + hdrlen);
175 if (++n >= cnt && cnt > 0) {
176 p->bp = bp;
177 p->cc = ep - bp;
178 return (n);
179 }
180 }
181 #undef bhp
182 p->cc = 0;
183 return (n);
184 }
185
186 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
187 static int
188 pcap_read_win32_dag(pcap_t *p, int cnt, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
189 {
190 u_char *dp = NULL;
191 int packet_len = 0, caplen = 0;
192 struct pcap_pkthdr pcap_header;
193 u_char *endofbuf;
194 int n = 0;
195 dag_record_t *header;
196 unsigned erf_record_len;
197 ULONGLONG ts;
198 int cc;
199 unsigned swt;
200 unsigned dfp = p->adapter->DagFastProcess;
201
202 cc = p->cc;
203 if (cc == 0) /* Get new packets only if we have processed all the ones of the previous read */
204 {
205 /* Get new packets from the network */
206 if(PacketReceivePacket(p->adapter, p->Packet, TRUE)==FALSE){
207 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "read error: PacketReceivePacket failed");
208 return (-1);
209 }
210
211 cc = p->Packet->ulBytesReceived;
212 if(cc == 0)
213 /* The timeout has expired but we no packets arrived */
214 return 0;
215 header = (dag_record_t*)p->adapter->DagBuffer;
216 }
217 else
218 header = (dag_record_t*)p->bp;
219
220 endofbuf = (char*)header + cc;
221
222 /*
223 * Cycle through the packets
224 */
225 do
226 {
227 erf_record_len = SWAPS(header->rlen);
228 if((char*)header + erf_record_len > endofbuf)
229 break;
230
231 /* Increase the number of captured packets */
232 p->md.stat.ps_recv++;
233
234 /* Find the beginning of the packet */
235 dp = ((u_char *)header) + dag_record_size;
236
237 /* Determine actual packet len */
238 switch(header->type)
239 {
240 case TYPE_ATM:
241 packet_len = ATM_SNAPLEN;
242 caplen = ATM_SNAPLEN;
243 dp += 4;
244
245 break;
246
247 case TYPE_ETH:
248 swt = SWAPS(header->wlen);
249 packet_len = swt - (p->md.dag_fcs_bits);
250 caplen = erf_record_len - dag_record_size - 2;
251 if (caplen > packet_len)
252 {
253 caplen = packet_len;
254 }
255 dp += 2;
256
257 break;
258
259 case TYPE_HDLC_POS:
260 swt = SWAPS(header->wlen);
261 packet_len = swt - (p->md.dag_fcs_bits);
262 caplen = erf_record_len - dag_record_size;
263 if (caplen > packet_len)
264 {
265 caplen = packet_len;
266 }
267
268 break;
269 }
270
271 if(caplen > p->snapshot)
272 caplen = p->snapshot;
273
274 /*
275 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
276 * If so, return immediately - if we haven't read any
277 * packets, clear the flag and return -2 to indicate
278 * that we were told to break out of the loop, otherwise
279 * leave the flag set, so that the *next* call will break
280 * out of the loop without having read any packets, and
281 * return the number of packets we've processed so far.
282 */
283 if (p->break_loop)
284 {
285 if (n == 0)
286 {
287 p->break_loop = 0;
288 return (-2);
289 }
290 else
291 {
292 p->bp = (char*)header;
293 p->cc = endofbuf - (char*)header;
294 return (n);
295 }
296 }
297
298 if(!dfp)
299 {
300 /* convert between timestamp formats */
301 ts = header->ts;
302 pcap_header.ts.tv_sec = (int)(ts >> 32);
303 ts = (ts & 0xffffffffi64) * 1000000;
304 ts += 0x80000000; /* rounding */
305 pcap_header.ts.tv_usec = (int)(ts >> 32);
306 if (pcap_header.ts.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
307 pcap_header.ts.tv_usec -= 1000000;
308 pcap_header.ts.tv_sec++;
309 }
310 }
311
312 /* No underlaying filtering system. We need to filter on our own */
313 if (p->fcode.bf_insns)
314 {
315 if (bpf_filter(p->fcode.bf_insns, dp, packet_len, caplen) == 0)
316 {
317 /* Move to next packet */
318 header = (dag_record_t*)((char*)header + erf_record_len);
319 continue;
320 }
321 }
322
323 /* Fill the header for the user suppplied callback function */
324 pcap_header.caplen = caplen;
325 pcap_header.len = packet_len;
326
327 /* Call the callback function */
328 (*callback)(user, &pcap_header, dp);
329
330 /* Move to next packet */
331 header = (dag_record_t*)((char*)header + erf_record_len);
332
333 /* Stop if the number of packets requested by user has been reached*/
334 if (++n >= cnt && cnt > 0)
335 {
336 p->bp = (char*)header;
337 p->cc = endofbuf - (char*)header;
338 return (n);
339 }
340 }
341 while((u_char*)header < endofbuf);
342
343 return 1;
344 }
345 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
346
347 /* Send a packet to the network */
348 static int
349 pcap_inject_win32(pcap_t *p, const void *buf, size_t size){
350 LPPACKET PacketToSend;
351
352 PacketToSend=PacketAllocatePacket();
353 PacketInitPacket(PacketToSend,buf,size);
354 if(PacketSendPacket(p->adapter,PacketToSend,TRUE) == FALSE){
355 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "send error: PacketSendPacket failed");
356 PacketFreePacket(PacketToSend);
357 return -1;
358 }
359
360 PacketFreePacket(PacketToSend);
361
362 /*
363 * We assume it all got sent if "PacketSendPacket()" succeeded.
364 * "pcap_inject()" is expected to return the number of bytes
365 * sent.
366 */
367 return size;
368 }
369
370 static void
371 pcap_close_win32(pcap_t *p)
372 {
373 if (p->buffer != NULL)
374 free(p->buffer);
375 if (p->adapter != NULL) {
376 PacketCloseAdapter(p->adapter);
377 p->adapter = NULL;
378 }
379 }
380
381 pcap_t *
382 pcap_open_live(const char *device, int snaplen, int promisc, int to_ms,
383 char *ebuf)
384 {
385 register pcap_t *p;
386 NetType type;
387
388 /* Init WinSock */
389 wsockinit();
390
391 p = (pcap_t *)malloc(sizeof(*p));
392 if (p == NULL)
393 {
394 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
395 return (NULL);
396 }
397 memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
398 p->adapter=NULL;
399
400 p->adapter = PacketOpenAdapter((char*)device);
401
402 if (p->adapter == NULL)
403 {
404 /* Adapter detected but we are not able to open it. Return failure. */
405 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Error opening adapter: %s", pcap_win32strerror());
406 return NULL;
407 }
408
409 /*get network type*/
410 if(PacketGetNetType (p->adapter,&type) == FALSE)
411 {
412 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Cannot determine the network type: %s", pcap_win32strerror());
413 goto bad;
414 }
415
416 /*Set the linktype*/
417 switch (type.LinkType)
418 {
419 case NdisMediumWan:
420 p->linktype = DLT_EN10MB;
421 break;
422
423 case NdisMedium802_3:
424 p->linktype = DLT_EN10MB;
425 /*
426 * This is (presumably) a real Ethernet capture; give it a
427 * link-layer-type list with DLT_EN10MB and DLT_DOCSIS, so
428 * that an application can let you choose it, in case you're
429 * capturing DOCSIS traffic that a Cisco Cable Modem
430 * Termination System is putting out onto an Ethernet (it
431 * doesn't put an Ethernet header onto the wire, it puts raw
432 * DOCSIS frames out on the wire inside the low-level
433 * Ethernet framing).
434 */
435 p->dlt_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * 2);
436 /*
437 * If that fails, just leave the list empty.
438 */
439 if (p->dlt_list != NULL) {
440 p->dlt_list[0] = DLT_EN10MB;
441 p->dlt_list[1] = DLT_DOCSIS;
442 p->dlt_count = 2;
443 }
444 break;
445
446 case NdisMediumFddi:
447 p->linktype = DLT_FDDI;
448 break;
449
450 case NdisMedium802_5:
451 p->linktype = DLT_IEEE802;
452 break;
453
454 case NdisMediumArcnetRaw:
455 p->linktype = DLT_ARCNET;
456 break;
457
458 case NdisMediumArcnet878_2:
459 p->linktype = DLT_ARCNET;
460 break;
461
462 case NdisMediumAtm:
463 p->linktype = DLT_ATM_RFC1483;
464 break;
465
466 case NdisMediumCHDLC:
467 p->linktype = DLT_CHDLC;
468 break;
469
470 case NdisMediumPPPSerial:
471 p->linktype = DLT_PPP_SERIAL;
472 break;
473
474 case NdisMediumNull:
475 p->linktype = DLT_NULL;
476 break;
477
478 default:
479 p->linktype = DLT_EN10MB; /*an unknown adapter is assumed to be ethernet*/
480 break;
481 }
482
483 /* Set promisquous mode */
484 if (promisc) PacketSetHwFilter(p->adapter,NDIS_PACKET_TYPE_PROMISCUOUS);
485 else PacketSetHwFilter(p->adapter,NDIS_PACKET_TYPE_ALL_LOCAL);
486
487 /* Set the buffer size */
488 p->bufsize = PcapBufSize;
489
490 /* allocate Packet structure used during the capture */
491 if((p->Packet = PacketAllocatePacket())==NULL)
492 {
493 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "failed to allocate the PACKET structure");
494 goto bad;
495 }
496
497 if(!(p->adapter->Flags & INFO_FLAG_DAG_CARD))
498 {
499 /*
500 * Traditional Adapter
501 */
502
503 p->buffer = (u_char *)malloc(PcapBufSize);
504 if (p->buffer == NULL)
505 {
506 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
507 goto bad;
508 }
509
510 PacketInitPacket(p->Packet,(BYTE*)p->buffer,p->bufsize);
511
512 p->snapshot = snaplen;
513
514 /* allocate the standard buffer in the driver */
515 if(PacketSetBuff( p->adapter, SIZE_BUF)==FALSE)
516 {
517 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,"driver error: not enough memory to allocate the kernel buffer\n");
518 goto bad;
519 }
520
521 /* tell the driver to copy the buffer only if it contains at least 16K */
522 if(PacketSetMinToCopy(p->adapter,16000)==FALSE)
523 {
524 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,"Error calling PacketSetMinToCopy: %s\n", pcap_win32strerror());
525 goto bad;
526 }
527 }
528 else
529 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
530 {
531 /*
532 * Dag Card
533 */
534 LONG status;
535 HKEY dagkey;
536 DWORD lptype;
537 DWORD lpcbdata;
538 int postype = 0;
539 char keyname[512];
540
541 snprintf(keyname, sizeof(keyname), "%s\\CardParams\\%s",
542 "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\DAG",
543 strstr(_strlwr((char*)device), "dag"));
544 do
545 {
546 status = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyname, 0, KEY_READ, &dagkey);
547 if(status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
548 break;
549
550 status = RegQueryValueEx(dagkey,
551 "PosType",
552 NULL,
553 &lptype,
554 (char*)&postype,
555 &lpcbdata);
556
557 if(status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
558 {
559 postype = 0;
560 }
561
562 RegCloseKey(dagkey);
563 }
564 while(FALSE);
565
566
567 p->snapshot = PacketSetSnapLen(p->adapter, snaplen);
568
569 /* Set the length of the FCS associated to any packet. This value
570 * will be subtracted to the packet length */
571 p->md.dag_fcs_bits = p->adapter->DagFcsLen;
572 }
573 #else
574 goto bad;
575 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
576
577 PacketSetReadTimeout(p->adapter, to_ms);
578
579 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
580 if(p->adapter->Flags & INFO_FLAG_DAG_CARD)
581 {
582 /* install dag specific handlers for read and setfilter */
583 p->read_op = pcap_read_win32_dag;
584 p->setfilter_op = pcap_setfilter_win32_dag;
585 }
586 else
587 {
588 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
589 /* install traditional npf handlers for read and setfilter */
590 p->read_op = pcap_read_win32_npf;
591 p->setfilter_op = pcap_setfilter_win32_npf;
592 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
593 }
594 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
595 p->inject_op = pcap_inject_win32;
596 p->set_datalink_op = NULL; /* can't change data link type */
597 p->getnonblock_op = pcap_getnonblock_win32;
598 p->setnonblock_op = pcap_setnonblock_win32;
599 p->stats_op = pcap_stats_win32;
600 p->close_op = pcap_close_win32;
601
602 return (p);
603 bad:
604 if (p->adapter)
605 PacketCloseAdapter(p->adapter);
606 if (p->buffer != NULL)
607 free(p->buffer);
608 if(p->Packet)
609 PacketFreePacket(p->Packet);
610 /*
611 * Get rid of any link-layer type list we allocated.
612 */
613 if (p->dlt_list != NULL)
614 free(p->dlt_list);
615 free(p);
616 return (NULL);
617 }
618
619
620 static int
621 pcap_setfilter_win32_npf(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp)
622 {
623 if(PacketSetBpf(p->adapter,fp)==FALSE){
624 /* kernel filter not installed. */
625 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Driver error: cannot set bpf filter: %s", pcap_win32strerror());
626 return (-1);
627 }
628 return (0);
629 }
630
631 /*
632 * We filter at user level, since the kernel driver does't process the packets
633 */
634 static int
635 pcap_setfilter_win32_dag(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp) {
636
637 if(!fp)
638 {
639 strncpy(p->errbuf, "setfilter: No filter specified", sizeof(p->errbuf));
640 return -1;
641 }
642
643 /* Install a user level filter */
644 if (install_bpf_program(p, fp) < 0)
645 {
646 snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
647 "setfilter, unable to install the filter: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
648 return -1;
649 }
650
651 p->md.use_bpf = 0;
652
653 return (0);
654 }
655
656 static int
657 pcap_getnonblock_win32(pcap_t *p, char *errbuf)
658 {
659 /*
660 * XXX - if there were a PacketGetReadTimeout() call, we
661 * would use it, and return 1 if the timeout is -1
662 * and 0 otherwise.
663 */
664 return (p->nonblock);
665 }
666
667 static int
668 pcap_setnonblock_win32(pcap_t *p, int nonblock, char *errbuf)
669 {
670 int newtimeout;
671
672 if (nonblock) {
673 /*
674 * Set the read timeout to -1 for non-blocking mode.
675 */
676 newtimeout = -1;
677 } else {
678 /*
679 * Restore the timeout set when the device was opened.
680 * (Note that this may be -1, in which case we're not
681 * really leaving non-blocking mode.)
682 */
683 newtimeout = p->timeout;
684 }
685 if (!PacketSetReadTimeout(p->adapter, newtimeout)) {
686 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
687 "PacketSetReadTimeout: %s", pcap_win32strerror());
688 return (-1);
689 }
690 p->nonblock = (newtimeout == -1);
691 return (0);
692 }
693
694 /* Set the driver working mode */
695 int
696 pcap_setmode(pcap_t *p, int mode){
697
698 if (p->adapter==NULL)
699 {
700 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "impossible to set mode while reading from a file");
701 return -1;
702 }
703
704 if(PacketSetMode(p->adapter,mode)==FALSE)
705 {
706 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "driver error: working mode not recognized");
707 return -1;
708 }
709
710 return 0;
711 }
712
713 /* Set the dimension of the kernel-level capture buffer */
714 int
715 pcap_setbuff(pcap_t *p, int dim)
716 {
717 if (p->adapter==NULL)
718 {
719 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "The kernel buffer size cannot be set while reading from a file");
720 return -1;
721 }
722
723 if(PacketSetBuff(p->adapter,dim)==FALSE)
724 {
725 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "driver error: not enough memory to allocate the kernel buffer");
726 return -1;
727 }
728 return 0;
729 }
730
731 /*set the minimum amount of data that will release a read call*/
732 int
733 pcap_setmintocopy(pcap_t *p, int size)
734 {
735 if (p->adapter==NULL)
736 {
737 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Impossible to set the mintocopy parameter on an offline capture");
738 return -1;
739 }
740
741 if(PacketSetMinToCopy(p->adapter, size)==FALSE)
742 {
743 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "driver error: unable to set the requested mintocopy size");
744 return -1;
745 }
746 return 0;
747 }