PostgreSQL DBA常用SQL

建立视图, 方便查询

create schema dba;  
  
create view dba.ro_delay as select application_name,client_addr,client_port,write_lag,replay_lag,sync_state from pg_stat_replication ;  
  
create view dba.topsql as select calls,total_time,total_time/calls,query from pg_stat_statements where query !~ 'rds' order by total_time desc limit 5;  
  
create view dba.qps as with                                                 
a as (select sum(calls) s from pg_stat_statements),     
b as (select sum(calls) s from pg_stat_statements , pg_sleep(1))     
select     
b.s-a.s          -- QPS    
from a,b;   
  
create view dba.session_acting_cnt as select count(*) from pg_stat_activity where wait_event is not null and (backend_xid is not null or backend_xmin is not null);  
  
create view dba.sessions as select * from pg_stat_activity where wait_event is not null and (backend_xid is not null or backend_xmin is not null);  
  
create view dba.locks as with      
t_wait as      
(      
  select a.mode,a.locktype,a.database,a.relation,a.page,a.tuple,a.classid,a.granted,     
  a.objid,a.objsubid,a.pid,a.virtualtransaction,a.virtualxid,a.transactionid,a.fastpath,      
  b.state,b.query,b.xact_start,b.query_start,b.usename,b.datname,b.client_addr,b.client_port,b.application_name     
    from pg_locks a,pg_stat_activity b where a.pid=b.pid and not a.granted     
),     
t_run as     
(     
  select a.mode,a.locktype,a.database,a.relation,a.page,a.tuple,a.classid,a.granted,     
  a.objid,a.objsubid,a.pid,a.virtualtransaction,a.virtualxid,a.transactionid,a.fastpath,     
  b.state,b.query,b.xact_start,b.query_start,b.usename,b.datname,b.client_addr,b.client_port,b.application_name     
    from pg_locks a,pg_stat_activity b where a.pid=b.pid and a.granted     
),     
t_overlap as     
(     
  select r.* from t_wait w join t_run r on     
  (     
    r.locktype is not distinct from w.locktype and     
    r.database is not distinct from w.database and     
    r.relation is not distinct from w.relation and     
    r.page is not distinct from w.page and     
    r.tuple is not distinct from w.tuple and     
    r.virtualxid is not distinct from w.virtualxid and     
    r.transactionid is not distinct from w.transactionid and     
    r.classid is not distinct from w.classid and     
    r.objid is not distinct from w.objid and     
    r.objsubid is not distinct from w.objsubid and     
    r.pid <> w.pid     
  )      
),      
t_unionall as      
(      
  select r.* from t_overlap r      
  union all      
  select w.* from t_wait w      
)      
select locktype,datname,relation::regclass,page,tuple,virtualxid,transactionid::text,classid::regclass,objid,objsubid,     
string_agg(     
'Pid: '||case when pid is null then 'NULL' else pid::text end||chr(10)||     
'Lock_Granted: '||case when granted is null then 'NULL' else granted::text end||' , Mode: '||case when mode is null then 'NULL' else mode::text end||' , FastPath: '||case when fastpath is null then 'NULL' else fastpath::text end||' , VirtualTransaction: '||case when virtualtransaction is null then 'NULL' else virtualtransaction::text end||' , Session_State: '||case when state is null then 'NULL' else state::text end||chr(10)||     
'Username: '||case when usename is null then 'NULL' else usename::text end||' , Database: '||case when datname is null then 'NULL' else datname::text end||' , Client_Addr: '||case when client_addr is null then 'NULL' else client_addr::text end||' , Client_Port: '||case when client_port is null then 'NULL' else client_port::text end||' , Application_Name: '||case when application_name is null then 'NULL' else application_name::text end||chr(10)||      
'Xact_Start: '||case when xact_start is null then 'NULL' else xact_start::text end||' , Query_Start: '||case when query_start is null then 'NULL' else query_start::text end||' , Xact_Elapse: '||case when (now()-xact_start) is null then 'NULL' else (now()-xact_start)::text end||' , Query_Elapse: '||case when (now()-query_start) is null then 'NULL' else (now()-query_start)::text end||chr(10)||      
'SQL (Current SQL in Transaction): '||chr(10)||    
case when query is null then 'NULL' else query::text end,      
chr(10)||'--------'||chr(10)      
order by      
  (  case mode      
    when 'INVALID' then 0     
    when 'AccessShareLock' then 1     
    when 'RowShareLock' then 2     
    when 'RowExclusiveLock' then 3     
    when 'ShareUpdateExclusiveLock' then 4     
    when 'ShareLock' then 5     
    when 'ShareRowExclusiveLock' then 6     
    when 'ExclusiveLock' then 7     
    when 'AccessExclusiveLock' then 8     
    else 0     
  end  ) desc,     
  (case when granted then 0 else 1 end)    
) as lock_conflict    
from t_unionall     
group by     
locktype,datname,relation,page,tuple,virtualxid,transactionid::text,classid,objid,objsubid ;    
  
create view dba.top10sizetable as   
select schemaname,tablename,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(tablename))::regclass)) from pg_tables order by pg_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(tablename))::regclass) desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10sizeindex as   
select schemaname,tablename,indexname,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(indexname))::regclass)) from pg_indexes order by pg_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(indexname))::regclass) desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10sizetableindex as   
select schemaname,tablename,pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(tablename))::regclass)) from pg_tables order by pg_total_relation_size((quote_ident(schemaname)||'.'||quote_ident(tablename))::regclass) desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10updatetable as  
select schemaname,relname,n_tup_upd,n_tup_del,round(n_tup_hot_upd/(case when n_tup_upd=0 then 1.0 else n_tup_upd::numeric end),4) from pg_stat_all_tables order by n_tup_upd+n_tup_del desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10inserttable as  
select schemaname,relname,n_tup_ins from pg_stat_all_tables order by n_tup_ins desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10deadtable as  
select schemaname,relname,n_dead_tup from pg_stat_all_tables order by n_dead_tup desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.top10age as  
select relnamespace::regnamespace,relname,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(oid)),age(relfrozenxid) from pg_class where relkind='r' and relnamespace<>'pg_catalog'::regnamespace and relnamespace<>'information_schema'::regnamespace order by age(relfrozenxid) desc,pg_relation_size(oid) desc limit 10;  
  
create view dba.oldestxact as
select datname,usename,xact_start,query_start,backend_xid,backend_xmin,
now()-xact_start as old_ts,
txid_current()-least(backend_xid::text::int8,backend_xmin::text::int8) as old_xacts,
query 
from pg_stat_activity 
order by least(backend_xid::text::int8,backend_xmin::text::int8) limit 1;
  

– 查询膨胀空间top 10的表

create view dba.top10bloatsizetable as  
SELECT  
  current_database() AS db, schemaname, tablename, reltuples::bigint AS tups, relpages::bigint AS pages, otta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN otta=0 OR sml.relpages=0 OR sml.relpages=otta THEN 0.0 ELSE sml.relpages/otta::numeric END,1) AS tbloat,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE relpages::bigint - otta END AS wastedpages,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(sml.relpages-otta)::bigint END AS wastedbytes,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN '0 bytes'::text ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(relpages-otta))::bigint) END AS wastedsize,  
  iname, ituples::bigint AS itups, ipages::bigint AS ipages, iotta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN iotta=0 OR ipages=0 OR ipages=iotta THEN 0.0 ELSE ipages/iotta::numeric END,1) AS ibloat,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE ipages::bigint - iotta END AS wastedipages,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta) END AS wastedibytes,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN '0 bytes' ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(ipages-iotta))::bigint) END AS wastedisize,  
  pg_size_pretty(CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN  
    CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
    ELSE CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN bs*(relpages-otta::bigint)  
      ELSE bs*(relpages-otta::bigint + ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
  END) AS totalwastedbytes  
FROM (  
  SELECT  
    nn.nspname AS schemaname,  
    cc.relname AS tablename,  
    COALESCE(cc.reltuples,0) AS reltuples,  
    COALESCE(cc.relpages,0) AS relpages,  
    COALESCE(bs,0) AS bs,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((cc.reltuples*((datahdr+ma-  
      (CASE WHEN datahdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE datahdr%ma END))+nullhdr2+4))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS otta,  
    COALESCE(c2.relname,'?') AS iname, COALESCE(c2.reltuples,0) AS ituples, COALESCE(c2.relpages,0) AS ipages,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((c2.reltuples*(datahdr-12))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS iotta -- very rough approximation, assumes all cols  
  FROM  
     pg_class cc  
  JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'  
  LEFT JOIN  
  (  
    SELECT  
      ma,bs,foo.nspname,foo.relname,  
      (datawidth+(hdr+ma-(case when hdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE hdr%ma END)))::numeric AS datahdr,  
      (maxfracsum*(nullhdr+ma-(case when nullhdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE nullhdr%ma END))) AS nullhdr2  
    FROM (  
      SELECT  
        ns.nspname, tbl.relname, hdr, ma, bs,  
        SUM((1-coalesce(null_frac,0))*coalesce(avg_width, 2048)) AS datawidth,  
        MAX(coalesce(null_frac,0)) AS maxfracsum,  
        hdr+(  
          SELECT 1+count(*)/8  
          FROM pg_stats s2  
          WHERE null_frac<>0 AND s2.schemaname = ns.nspname AND s2.tablename = tbl.relname  
        ) AS nullhdr  
      FROM pg_attribute att  
      JOIN pg_class tbl ON att.attrelid = tbl.oid  
      JOIN pg_namespace ns ON ns.oid = tbl.relnamespace  
      LEFT JOIN pg_stats s ON s.schemaname=ns.nspname  
      AND s.tablename = tbl.relname  
      AND s.inherited=false  
      AND s.attname=att.attname,  
      (  
        SELECT  
          (SELECT current_setting('block_size')::numeric) AS bs,  
            CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(SPLIT_PART(v, ' ', 2) FROM '#"[0-9]+.[0-9]+#"%' for '#')  
              IN ('8.0','8.1','8.2') THEN 27 ELSE 23 END AS hdr,  
          CASE WHEN v ~ 'mingw32' OR v ~ '64-bit' THEN 8 ELSE 4 END AS ma  
        FROM (SELECT version() AS v) AS foo  
      ) AS constants  
      WHERE att.attnum > 0 AND tbl.relkind='r'  
      GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5  
    ) AS foo  
  ) AS rs  
  ON cc.relname = rs.relname AND nn.nspname = rs.nspname  
  LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON indrelid = cc.oid  
  LEFT JOIN pg_class c2 ON c2.oid = i.indexrelid  
) AS sml order by wastedbytes desc limit 5;  
  

– 查询膨胀空间top 10的索引

create view dba.top10bloatsizeindex as  
SELECT  
  current_database() AS db, schemaname, tablename, reltuples::bigint AS tups, relpages::bigint AS pages, otta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN otta=0 OR sml.relpages=0 OR sml.relpages=otta THEN 0.0 ELSE sml.relpages/otta::numeric END,1) AS tbloat,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE relpages::bigint - otta END AS wastedpages,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(sml.relpages-otta)::bigint END AS wastedbytes,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN '0 bytes'::text ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(relpages-otta))::bigint) END AS wastedsize,  
  iname, ituples::bigint AS itups, ipages::bigint AS ipages, iotta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN iotta=0 OR ipages=0 OR ipages=iotta THEN 0.0 ELSE ipages/iotta::numeric END,1) AS ibloat,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE ipages::bigint - iotta END AS wastedipages,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta) END AS wastedibytes,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN '0 bytes' ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(ipages-iotta))::bigint) END AS wastedisize,  
  pg_size_pretty(CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN  
    CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
    ELSE CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN bs*(relpages-otta::bigint)  
      ELSE bs*(relpages-otta::bigint + ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
  END) AS totalwastedbytes  
FROM (  
  SELECT  
    nn.nspname AS schemaname,  
    cc.relname AS tablename,  
    COALESCE(cc.reltuples,0) AS reltuples,  
    COALESCE(cc.relpages,0) AS relpages,  
    COALESCE(bs,0) AS bs,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((cc.reltuples*((datahdr+ma-  
      (CASE WHEN datahdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE datahdr%ma END))+nullhdr2+4))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS otta,  
    COALESCE(c2.relname,'?') AS iname, COALESCE(c2.reltuples,0) AS ituples, COALESCE(c2.relpages,0) AS ipages,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((c2.reltuples*(datahdr-12))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS iotta -- very rough approximation, assumes all cols  
  FROM  
     pg_class cc  
  JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'  
  LEFT JOIN  
  (  
    SELECT  
      ma,bs,foo.nspname,foo.relname,  
      (datawidth+(hdr+ma-(case when hdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE hdr%ma END)))::numeric AS datahdr,  
      (maxfracsum*(nullhdr+ma-(case when nullhdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE nullhdr%ma END))) AS nullhdr2  
    FROM (  
      SELECT  
        ns.nspname, tbl.relname, hdr, ma, bs,  
        SUM((1-coalesce(null_frac,0))*coalesce(avg_width, 2048)) AS datawidth,  
        MAX(coalesce(null_frac,0)) AS maxfracsum,  
        hdr+(  
          SELECT 1+count(*)/8  
          FROM pg_stats s2  
          WHERE null_frac<>0 AND s2.schemaname = ns.nspname AND s2.tablename = tbl.relname  
        ) AS nullhdr  
      FROM pg_attribute att  
      JOIN pg_class tbl ON att.attrelid = tbl.oid  
      JOIN pg_namespace ns ON ns.oid = tbl.relnamespace  
      LEFT JOIN pg_stats s ON s.schemaname=ns.nspname  
      AND s.tablename = tbl.relname  
      AND s.inherited=false  
      AND s.attname=att.attname,  
      (  
        SELECT  
          (SELECT current_setting('block_size')::numeric) AS bs,  
            CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(SPLIT_PART(v, ' ', 2) FROM '#"[0-9]+.[0-9]+#"%' for '#')  
              IN ('8.0','8.1','8.2') THEN 27 ELSE 23 END AS hdr,  
          CASE WHEN v ~ 'mingw32' OR v ~ '64-bit' THEN 8 ELSE 4 END AS ma  
        FROM (SELECT version() AS v) AS foo  
      ) AS constants  
      WHERE att.attnum > 0 AND tbl.relkind='r'  
      GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5  
    ) AS foo  
  ) AS rs  
  ON cc.relname = rs.relname AND nn.nspname = rs.nspname  
  LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON indrelid = cc.oid  
  LEFT JOIN pg_class c2 ON c2.oid = i.indexrelid  
) AS sml order by wastedibytes desc limit 5;  

– 查询膨胀比例top 10的表(浪费空间大于10MB的表)

create view dba.top10bloatratiotable as  
SELECT  
  current_database() AS db, schemaname, tablename, reltuples::bigint AS tups, relpages::bigint AS pages, otta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN otta=0 OR sml.relpages=0 OR sml.relpages=otta THEN 0.0 ELSE sml.relpages/otta::numeric END,1) AS tbloat,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE relpages::bigint - otta END AS wastedpages,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(sml.relpages-otta)::bigint END AS wastedbytes,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN '0 bytes'::text ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(relpages-otta))::bigint) END AS wastedsize,  
  iname, ituples::bigint AS itups, ipages::bigint AS ipages, iotta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN iotta=0 OR ipages=0 OR ipages=iotta THEN 0.0 ELSE ipages/iotta::numeric END,1) AS ibloat,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE ipages::bigint - iotta END AS wastedipages,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta) END AS wastedibytes,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN '0 bytes' ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(ipages-iotta))::bigint) END AS wastedisize,  
  pg_size_pretty(CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN  
    CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
    ELSE CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN bs*(relpages-otta::bigint)  
      ELSE bs*(relpages-otta::bigint + ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
  END) AS totalwastedbytes  
FROM (  
  SELECT  
    nn.nspname AS schemaname,  
    cc.relname AS tablename,  
    COALESCE(cc.reltuples,0) AS reltuples,  
    COALESCE(cc.relpages,0) AS relpages,  
    COALESCE(bs,0) AS bs,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((cc.reltuples*((datahdr+ma-  
      (CASE WHEN datahdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE datahdr%ma END))+nullhdr2+4))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS otta,  
    COALESCE(c2.relname,'?') AS iname, COALESCE(c2.reltuples,0) AS ituples, COALESCE(c2.relpages,0) AS ipages,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((c2.reltuples*(datahdr-12))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS iotta -- very rough approximation, assumes all cols  
  FROM  
     pg_class cc  
  JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'  
  LEFT JOIN  
  (  
    SELECT  
      ma,bs,foo.nspname,foo.relname,  
      (datawidth+(hdr+ma-(case when hdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE hdr%ma END)))::numeric AS datahdr,  
      (maxfracsum*(nullhdr+ma-(case when nullhdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE nullhdr%ma END))) AS nullhdr2  
    FROM (  
      SELECT  
        ns.nspname, tbl.relname, hdr, ma, bs,  
        SUM((1-coalesce(null_frac,0))*coalesce(avg_width, 2048)) AS datawidth,  
        MAX(coalesce(null_frac,0)) AS maxfracsum,  
        hdr+(  
          SELECT 1+count(*)/8  
          FROM pg_stats s2  
          WHERE null_frac<>0 AND s2.schemaname = ns.nspname AND s2.tablename = tbl.relname  
        ) AS nullhdr  
      FROM pg_attribute att  
      JOIN pg_class tbl ON att.attrelid = tbl.oid  
      JOIN pg_namespace ns ON ns.oid = tbl.relnamespace  
      LEFT JOIN pg_stats s ON s.schemaname=ns.nspname  
      AND s.tablename = tbl.relname  
      AND s.inherited=false  
      AND s.attname=att.attname,  
      (  
        SELECT  
          (SELECT current_setting('block_size')::numeric) AS bs,  
            CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(SPLIT_PART(v, ' ', 2) FROM '#"[0-9]+.[0-9]+#"%' for '#')  
              IN ('8.0','8.1','8.2') THEN 27 ELSE 23 END AS hdr,  
          CASE WHEN v ~ 'mingw32' OR v ~ '64-bit' THEN 8 ELSE 4 END AS ma  
        FROM (SELECT version() AS v) AS foo  
      ) AS constants  
      WHERE att.attnum > 0 AND tbl.relkind='r'  
      GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5  
    ) AS foo  
  ) AS rs  
  ON cc.relname = rs.relname AND nn.nspname = rs.nspname  
  LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON indrelid = cc.oid  
  LEFT JOIN pg_class c2 ON c2.oid = i.indexrelid  
) AS sml   
where (CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(sml.relpages-otta)::bigint END) >= 10240000  
order by tbloat desc,wastedbytes desc limit 5;  
  

– 查询膨胀比例top 10的索引(浪费空间大于10MB的索引)

create view dba.top10bloatratioindex as  
SELECT  
  current_database() AS db, schemaname, tablename, reltuples::bigint AS tups, relpages::bigint AS pages, otta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN otta=0 OR sml.relpages=0 OR sml.relpages=otta THEN 0.0 ELSE sml.relpages/otta::numeric END,1) AS tbloat,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE relpages::bigint - otta END AS wastedpages,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(sml.relpages-otta)::bigint END AS wastedbytes,  
  CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN '0 bytes'::text ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(relpages-otta))::bigint) END AS wastedsize,  
  iname, ituples::bigint AS itups, ipages::bigint AS ipages, iotta,  
  ROUND(CASE WHEN iotta=0 OR ipages=0 OR ipages=iotta THEN 0.0 ELSE ipages/iotta::numeric END,1) AS ibloat,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE ipages::bigint - iotta END AS wastedipages,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta) END AS wastedibytes,  
  CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN '0 bytes' ELSE pg_size_pretty((bs*(ipages-iotta))::bigint) END AS wastedisize,  
  pg_size_pretty(CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN  
    CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
    ELSE CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN bs*(relpages-otta::bigint)  
      ELSE bs*(relpages-otta::bigint + ipages-iotta::bigint) END  
  END) AS totalwastedbytes  
FROM (  
  SELECT  
    nn.nspname AS schemaname,  
    cc.relname AS tablename,  
    COALESCE(cc.reltuples,0) AS reltuples,  
    COALESCE(cc.relpages,0) AS relpages,  
    COALESCE(bs,0) AS bs,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((cc.reltuples*((datahdr+ma-  
      (CASE WHEN datahdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE datahdr%ma END))+nullhdr2+4))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS otta,  
    COALESCE(c2.relname,'?') AS iname, COALESCE(c2.reltuples,0) AS ituples, COALESCE(c2.relpages,0) AS ipages,  
    COALESCE(CEIL((c2.reltuples*(datahdr-12))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS iotta -- very rough approximation, assumes all cols  
  FROM  
     pg_class cc  
  JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'  
  LEFT JOIN  
  (  
    SELECT  
      ma,bs,foo.nspname,foo.relname,  
      (datawidth+(hdr+ma-(case when hdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE hdr%ma END)))::numeric AS datahdr,  
      (maxfracsum*(nullhdr+ma-(case when nullhdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE nullhdr%ma END))) AS nullhdr2  
    FROM (  
      SELECT  
        ns.nspname, tbl.relname, hdr, ma, bs,  
        SUM((1-coalesce(null_frac,0))*coalesce(avg_width, 2048)) AS datawidth,  
        MAX(coalesce(null_frac,0)) AS maxfracsum,  
        hdr+(  
          SELECT 1+count(*)/8  
          FROM pg_stats s2  
          WHERE null_frac<>0 AND s2.schemaname = ns.nspname AND s2.tablename = tbl.relname  
        ) AS nullhdr  
      FROM pg_attribute att  
      JOIN pg_class tbl ON att.attrelid = tbl.oid  
      JOIN pg_namespace ns ON ns.oid = tbl.relnamespace  
      LEFT JOIN pg_stats s ON s.schemaname=ns.nspname  
      AND s.tablename = tbl.relname  
      AND s.inherited=false  
      AND s.attname=att.attname,  
      (  
        SELECT  
          (SELECT current_setting('block_size')::numeric) AS bs,  
            CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(SPLIT_PART(v, ' ', 2) FROM '#"[0-9]+.[0-9]+#"%' for '#')  
              IN ('8.0','8.1','8.2') THEN 27 ELSE 23 END AS hdr,  
          CASE WHEN v ~ 'mingw32' OR v ~ '64-bit' THEN 8 ELSE 4 END AS ma  
        FROM (SELECT version() AS v) AS foo  
      ) AS constants  
      WHERE att.attnum > 0 AND tbl.relkind='r'  
      GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5  
    ) AS foo  
  ) AS rs  
  ON cc.relname = rs.relname AND nn.nspname = rs.nspname  
  LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON indrelid = cc.oid  
  LEFT JOIN pg_class c2 ON c2.oid = i.indexrelid  
) AS sml   
where (CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN 0 ELSE bs*(ipages-iotta) END) >= 10240000  
order by ibloat desc,wastedibytes desc limit 5;  
  
create view dba.seqs as select max_value-last_value,* from pg_sequences order by max_value-last_value ;  

– 查询没有使用过的大于1MB的索引 top 10 (注意, PK、UK如果只是用于约束, 可能不会被统计计数,但是不能删掉)

create view dba.top10notusedidx as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(indexrelid)),* from pg_stat_all_indexes where pg_relation_size(indexrelid)>=1024000 and (idx_scan=0 or idx_tup_read=0 or idx_tup_fetch=0)    
and schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog') order by pg_relation_size(indexrelid) desc limit 10;    

– 查询没有使用过的大于1MB的表 top 10

create view dba.top10notusedtab as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(relid)),* from pg_stat_all_tables     
where pg_relation_size(relid)>=1024000 and seq_scan=0 and idx_scan=0 and schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog','information_schema') order by pg_relation_size(relid) desc limit 10;    
    

– 查询热表top 10

create view dba.top10hottab as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(relid)),* from pg_stat_all_tables where schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog','information_schema') order by seq_scan+idx_scan desc, pg_relation_size(relid) desc limit 10;      

– 查询大于1MB的冷表top 10

create view dba.top10coldtab as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(relid)),* from pg_stat_all_tables where schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog','information_schema') and pg_relation_size(relid)>=1024000 order by seq_scan+idx_scan,pg_relation_size(relid) desc   limit 10;     

– 查询热索引top 10

create view dba.top10hotidx as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(indexrelid)),* from pg_stat_all_indexes where     
schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog') order by idx_scan+idx_tup_read+idx_tup_fetch desc, pg_relation_size(indexrelid) desc limit 10;    

– 查询大于1MB的冷索引top 10(注意, PK、UK如果只是用于约束, 可能不会被统计计数,但是不能删掉)

create view dba.top10coldidx as     
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(indexrelid)),* from pg_stat_all_indexes where pg_relation_size(indexrelid)>=1024000     
and schemaname not in ('pg_toast','pg_catalog') order by idx_scan+idx_tup_read+idx_tup_fetch , pg_relation_size(indexrelid) desc limit 10;    

常用查询

1、查询只读节点延迟

select * from dba.ro_delay;  

2、查询top query, 优化之首

select * from dba.topsql;  

3、重置top query统计计数器(通常在高峰期来临前可以重置,防止结果干扰)

select pg_stat_statements_reset();  

4、查询 qps , 在psql 终端可以每秒打印一次

select * from dba.qps;  
  
\watch 1  

5、查询活跃会话数, 如果超过CPU核数, 说明数据库非常非常繁忙, 需要注意优化

select * from dba.session_acting_cnt;  

6、当前活跃会话

select * from dba.sessions;  

7、查询锁等待, 如果有大量长时间等待, 需要注意业务逻辑是否有问题

select * from dba.locks;  

8、查询占用空间top 10的表

select * from dba.top10sizetable;  

9、查询占用空间top 10的索引

select * from dba.top10sizeindex;  

10、查询占用空间top 10的表(含索引)

select * from dba.top10sizetableindex;  

11、查询膨胀空间top 10的表

select * from dba.top10bloatsizetable;  

12、查询膨胀空间top 10的索引

select * from dba.top10bloatsizeindex;  

13、查询膨胀比例top 10的表

select * from dba.top10bloatratiotable;  

14、查询膨胀比例top 10的索引

select * from dba.top10bloatratioindex;  

15、查询更新和删除记录条数top 10的表

select * from dba.top10updatetable;  

16、查询插入记录条数top 10的表

select * from dba.top10inserttable;  

17、查询脏记录条数top 10的表

select * from dba.top10deadtable;  

18、查询年龄top 10的表

select * from dba.top10age;  

19、查询当前的最老事务距离当前时间、距离当前事务数, 说明膨胀空间大小, 越大可能导致越多膨胀垃圾.

select * from dba.oldestxact;  
select * from pg_prepared_xacts;  

20、查询序列的剩余空间

select * from dba.seqs;  

21、PostgreSQL 谁堵塞了谁（锁等待检测）- pg_blocking_pids

with    
t_wait as    
(    
  select a.mode,a.locktype,a.database,a.relation,a.page,a.tuple,a.classid,a.granted,   
  a.objid,a.objsubid,a.pid,a.virtualtransaction,a.virtualxid,a.transactionid,a.fastpath,    
  b.state,b.query,b.xact_start,b.query_start,b.usename,b.datname,b.client_addr,b.client_port,b.application_name   
    from pg_locks a,pg_stat_activity b where a.pid=b.pid and not a.granted   
),   
t_run as   
(   
  select a.mode,a.locktype,a.database,a.relation,a.page,a.tuple,a.classid,a.granted,   
  a.objid,a.objsubid,a.pid,a.virtualtransaction,a.virtualxid,a.transactionid,a.fastpath,   
  b.state,b.query,b.xact_start,b.query_start,b.usename,b.datname,b.client_addr,b.client_port,b.application_name   
    from pg_locks a,pg_stat_activity b where a.pid=b.pid and a.granted   
),   
t_overlap as   
(   
  select r.* from t_wait w join t_run r on   
  (   
    r.locktype is not distinct from w.locktype and   
    r.database is not distinct from w.database and   
    r.relation is not distinct from w.relation and   
    r.page is not distinct from w.page and   
    r.tuple is not distinct from w.tuple and   
    r.virtualxid is not distinct from w.virtualxid and   
    r.transactionid is not distinct from w.transactionid and   
    r.classid is not distinct from w.classid and   
    r.objid is not distinct from w.objid and   
    r.objsubid is not distinct from w.objsubid and   
    r.pid <> w.pid   
  )    
),    
t_unionall as    
(    
  select r.* from t_overlap r    
  union all    
  select w.* from t_wait w    
)    
select locktype,datname,relation::regclass,page,tuple,virtualxid,transactionid::text,classid::regclass,objid,objsubid,   
string_agg(   
'Pid: '||case when pid is null then 'NULL' else pid::text end||chr(10)||   
'Lock_Granted: '||case when granted is null then 'NULL' else granted::text end||' , Mode: '||case when mode is null then 'NULL' else mode::text end||' , FastPath: '||case when fastpath is null then 'NULL' else fastpath::text end||' , VirtualTransaction: '||case when virtualtransaction is null then 'NULL' else virtualtransaction::text end||' , Session_State: '||case when state is null then 'NULL' else state::text end||chr(10)||   
'Username: '||case when usename is null then 'NULL' else usename::text end||' , Database: '||case when datname is null then 'NULL' else datname::text end||' , Client_Addr: '||case when client_addr is null then 'NULL' else client_addr::text end||' , Client_Port: '||case when client_port is null then 'NULL' else client_port::text end||' , Application_Name: '||case when application_name is null then 'NULL' else application_name::text end||chr(10)||    
'Xact_Start: '||case when xact_start is null then 'NULL' else xact_start::text end||' , Query_Start: '||case when query_start is null then 'NULL' else query_start::text end||' , Xact_Elapse: '||case when (now()-xact_start) is null then 'NULL' else (now()-xact_start)::text end||' , Query_Elapse: '||case when (now()-query_start) is null then 'NULL' else (now()-query_start)::text end||chr(10)||    
'SQL (Current SQL in Transaction): '||chr(10)||  
case when query is null then 'NULL' else query::text end,    
chr(10)||'--------'||chr(10)    
order by    
  (  case mode    
    when 'INVALID' then 0   
    when 'AccessShareLock' then 1   
    when 'RowShareLock' then 2   
    when 'RowExclusiveLock' then 3   
    when 'ShareUpdateExclusiveLock' then 4   
    when 'ShareLock' then 5   
    when 'ShareRowExclusiveLock' then 6   
    when 'ExclusiveLock' then 7   
    when 'AccessExclusiveLock' then 8   
    else 0   
  end  ) desc,   
  (case when granted then 0 else 1 end)  
) as lock_conflict  
from t_unionall   
group by   
locktype,datname,relation,page,tuple,virtualxid,transactionid::text,classid,objid,objsubid ;  

22、查询没有使用过的大于1MB的索引 top 10 (注意, PK、UK如果只是用于约束, 可能不会被统计计数,但是不能删掉)

select * from dba.top10notusedidx;

23、查询没有使用过的大于1MB的表 top 10

select * from dba.top10notusedtab;  

24、查询热表top 10

select * from dba.top10hottab;  

25、查询大于1MB的冷表top 10

select * from dba.top10coldtab;   

26、查询热索引top 10

select * from dba.top10hotidx;  

27、查询大于1MB的冷索引top 10(注意, PK、UK如果只是用于约束, 可能不会被统计计数,但是不能删掉)

select * from dba.top10coldidx;