Panturquismo

Países y regiones del mundo en las que una lengua túrquica es oficial

El panturquismo es un movimiento que surgió durante la década de 1880 entre los intelectuales turcos de Azerbaiyán (parte del Imperio ruso en ese momento) y el Imperio otomano (la actual Turquía), con el objetivo de unificar cultural y políticamente a todos los pueblos túrquicos.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] El turanismo es un movimiento estrechamente relacionado, pero en términos más generales que el turquismo, puesto que el turquismo se aplica solo a los pueblos túrquicos. Sin embargo, investigadores y políticos empapados en la ideología túrquica han usado estos términos indistintamente en muchas fuentes y obras literarias.^[6] Aunque los pueblos túrquicos comparten raíces históricas, culturales y lingüísticas, el surgimiento de un movimiento político pantúrquico es un fenómeno de los siglos XIX y XX,^[7] en parte como respuesta al desarrollo del paneslavismo y el pangermanismo en Europa, e influyó en el paniranismo en Asia. Ziya Gökalp definió el panturquismo como un concepto cultural, académico, filosófico^[8] y político^[9] que defiende la unidad de los pueblos túrquicos. A raíz de ideologías asociadas a este movimiento, se han producido hechos como el Genocidio Armenio de 1915.

Referencias

↑ Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (2011). Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts 2. Oxford University Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-19-539245-6. «It is commonly acknowledged that pan-Turkism, the movement aiming at the political and/or cultural unification of all Turkic peoples, emerged among Turkic intellectuals of Russia as a liberal-cultural movement in the 1880s.».
↑ «Pan-Turkism». Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Consultado el 19 de julio de 2009. «Political movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had as its goal the political union of all Turkish-speaking peoples in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, China, Iran, and Afghanistan.»
↑ Landau, Jacob (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism To Cooperation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20960-3.
↑ Jacob M. Landau, "Radical Politics in Modern Turkey", BRILL, 1974.
↑ Robert F. Melson, "The Armenian Genocide" in Kevin Reilly (Editor), Stephen Kaufman (Editor), Angela Bodino (Editor) "Racism: A Global Reader (Sources and Studies in World History)", M.E. Sharpe (January 2003). pg 278:"Concluding that their liberal experiment had been a failure, CUP leaders turned to Pan-Turkism, a xenophobic and chauvinistic brand of nationalism that sought to create a new empire based on Islam and Turkish ethnicity."
↑ Iskander Gilyazov (26 de octubre de 2009). «Пантюрκизм, Пантуранизм и Германия.- «БЕЗНЕҢ ЮЛ» иҗтимагый-сәяси һәм мәдәни мәгърифәт гәҗите». web.archive.org (en ruso). Archivado desde el original el 26 de octubre de 2009. Consultado el 17 de junio de 2019.
↑ «Pan-Turkism». Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2016.
↑ Gökalp, Ziya; Devereaux, Robert (1968). The Principles of Turkism. E. J. Brill. p. 125. «Turkism is not a political party but a scientific, philosophic and aesthetic school of thought.».
↑ Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2006). Turkey beyond nationalism: towards post-nationalist identities. I. B. Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-84511-141-0.

Datos: Q83280
Multimedia: Pan-Turkism / Q83280

[fishman-1] Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (2011). Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts 2. Oxford University Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-19-539245-6. «It is commonly acknowledged that pan-Turkism, the movement aiming at the political and/or cultural unification of all Turkic peoples, emerged among Turkic intellectuals of Russia as a liberal-cultural movement in the 1880s.».

[2] «Pan-Turkism». Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Consultado el 19 de julio de 2009. «Political movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had as its goal the political union of all Turkish-speaking peoples in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, China, Iran, and Afghanistan.»

[landau-3] Landau, Jacob (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism To Cooperation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20960-3.

[LandauRadicalPolitics-4] Jacob M. Landau, "Radical Politics in Modern Turkey", BRILL, 1974.

[5] Robert F. Melson, "The Armenian Genocide" in Kevin Reilly (Editor), Stephen Kaufman (Editor), Angela Bodino (Editor) "Racism: A Global Reader (Sources and Studies in World History)", M.E. Sharpe (January 2003). pg 278:"Concluding that their liberal experiment had been a failure, CUP leaders turned to Pan-Turkism, a xenophobic and chauvinistic brand of nationalism that sought to create a new empire based on Islam and Turkish ethnicity."

[6] Iskander Gilyazov (26 de octubre de 2009). «Пантюрκизм, Пантуранизм и Германия.- «БЕЗНЕҢ ЮЛ» иҗтимагый-сәяси һәм мәдәни мәгърифәт гәҗите». web.archive.org (en ruso). Archivado desde el original el 26 de octubre de 2009. Consultado el 17 de junio de 2019.

[7] «Pan-Turkism». Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2016.

[gökalp-8] Gökalp, Ziya; Devereaux, Robert (1968). The Principles of Turkism. E. J. Brill. p. 125. «Turkism is not a political party but a scientific, philosophic and aesthetic school of thought.».

[9] Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2006). Turkey beyond nationalism: towards post-nationalist identities. I. B. Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-84511-141-0.

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