eprintid: 87784 rev_number: 23 eprint_status: archive userid: 8325 dir: disk0/00/08/77/84 datestamp: 2013-11-19 15:43:18 lastmod: 2025-05-02 00:09:53 status_changed: 2013-11-19 15:43:18 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Duffy, C.W. creators_name: MacLean, L. creators_name: Sweeney, L. creators_name: Cooper, A. creators_name: Turner, C.M.R. creators_name: Tait, A. creators_name: Sternberg, J. creators_name: Morrison, L.J. creators_name: MacLeod, A. creators_orcid: 0000-0002-1159-142X creators_orcid: 0000-0002-0150-5049 title: Population genetics of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: clonality and diversity within and between foci ispublished: pub divisions: 20300000 divisions: 25300000 abstract: African trypanosomes are unusual among pathogenic protozoa in that they can undergo their complete morphological life cycle in the tsetse fly vector with mating as a non-obligatory part of this development. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which infects humans and livestock in East and Southern Africa, has classically been described as a host-range variant of the non-human infective Trypanosoma brucei that occurs as stable clonal lineages. We have examined T. b. rhodesiense populations from East (Uganda) and Southern (Malawi) Africa using a panel of microsatellite markers, incorporating both spatial and temporal analyses. Our data demonstrate that Ugandan T. b. rhodesiense existed as clonal populations, with a small number of highly related genotypes and substantial linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci. However, these populations were not stable as the dominant genotypes changed and the genetic diversity also reduced over time. Thus these populations do not conform to one of the criteria for strict clonality, namely stability of predominant genotypes over time, and our results show that, in a period in the mid 1990s, the previously predominant genotypes were not detected but were replaced by a novel clonal population with limited genetic relationship to the original population present between 1970 and 1990. In contrast, the Malawi T. b. rhodesiense population demonstrated significantly greater diversity and evidence for frequent genetic exchange. Therefore, the population genetics of T. b. rhodesiense is more complex than previously described. This has important implications for the spread of the single copy T. b. rhodesiense gene that allows human infectivity, and therefore the epidemiology of the human disease, as well as suggesting that these parasites represent an important organism to study the influence of optional recombination upon population genetic dynamics. date: 2013 date_type: published publisher: Public Library of Science id_number: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002526 copyright_holders: Copyright © 2013 The Authors prior: First published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7(11):e2526 repro: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License uniqueid: glaseprints:2013-87784 published_online: 2013-11-14 issn_online: 1935-2727 funding_project_code: 55821 funding_award_no: 1 funding_project_name: The origins and mechanisms of human infectivity in African trypanosomes. funding_investigator_name: Annette Macleod funding_funder_name: Wellcome Trust (WELLCOME) funding_funder_code: 095201/Z/10/Z funding_investigator_dept: RI BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH & COMPMED legacy_divisions: L25000000 legacy_divisions: L20300000 full_text_status: public publication: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases volume: 7 number: 11 pagerange: e2526 refereed: TRUE issn: 1935-2727 related_url_url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828156/ related_url_type: pubmed hoa_compliant: 501 hoa_date_pub: 2013 hoa_date_fcd: 2015-12-15 hoa_date_foa: 2015-12-15 hoa_version_fcd: VoR hoa_exclude: FALSE hoa_gold: FALSE citation: Duffy, C.W., MacLean, L., Sweeney, L. , Cooper, A. , Turner, C.M.R. , Tait, A. , Sternberg, J., Morrison, L.J. and MacLeod, A. (2013) Population genetics of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: clonality and diversity within and between foci. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 7(11), e2526. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002526 ) document_url: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/87784/1/87784.pdf