eprintid: 87763 rev_number: 21 eprint_status: archive userid: 2249 dir: disk0/00/08/77/63 datestamp: 2013-11-19 14:37:57 lastmod: 2025-05-02 00:09:49 status_changed: 2013-11-19 14:37:57 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Capewell, P. creators_name: Cooper, A. creators_name: Duffy, C.W. creators_name: Tait, A. creators_name: Turner, C.M.R. creators_name: Gibson, W. creators_name: Mehlitz, D. creators_name: MacLeod, A. creators_orcid: 0000-0002-8803-5034 creators_orcid: 0000-0002-1159-142X creators_orcid: 0000-0002-0150-5049 title: Human and animal trypanosomes in Côte d'Ivoire form a single breeding population ispublished: pub divisions: 25300000 divisions: 20300000 abstract: Background: Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness in humans and contributes to the related veterinary disease, Nagana. T. brucei is segregated into three subspecies based on host specificity, geography and pathology. T. b. brucei is limited to animals (excluding some primates) throughout sub-Saharan Africa and is non-infective to humans due to trypanolytic factors found in human serum. T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense are human infective sub-species. T. b. gambiense is the more prevalent human, causing over 97% of human cases. Study of T. b. gambiense is complicated in that there are two distinct groups delineated by genetics and phenotype. The relationships between the two groups and local T. b. brucei are unclear and may have a bearing on the evolution of the human infectivity traits.<p></p> Methodology/Principal Findings: A collection of sympatric T. brucei isolates from Côte d’Ivoire, consisting of T. b. brucei and both groups of T. b. gambiense have previously been categorized by isoenzymes, RFLPs and Blood Incubation Infectivity Tests. These samples were further characterized using the group 1 specific marker, TgSGP, and seven microsatellites. The relationships between the T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense isolates were determined using principal components analysis, neighbor-joining phylogenetics, STRUCTURE, FST, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium.<p></p> Conclusions/Significance: Group 1 T. b. gambiense form a clonal genetic group, distinct from group 2 and T. b. brucei, whereas group 2 T. b. gambiense are genetically indistinguishable from local T. b. brucei. There is strong evidence for mating within and between group 2 T. b. gambiense and T. b. brucei. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that group 2 T. b. gambiense are hybrids of group 1 and T. b. brucei, suggesting that human infectivity has evolved independently in groups 1 and 2 T. b. gambiense.<p></p> date: 2013 date_type: published publisher: Public Library of Science id_number: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067852 copyright_holders: Copyright © 2013 The Authors prior: First published in PLoS ONE 8(7):e67852 repro: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License uniqueid: glaseprints:2013-87763 published_online: 2013-07-02 issn_online: 1932-6203 funding_project_code: 37179 funding_award_no: 6 funding_project_name: The Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology ( Core Support ) funding_investigator_name: Andrew Waters funding_funder_name: Wellcome Trust (WELLCOME) funding_funder_code: 085349/Z/08/Z funding_investigator_dept: III - PARASITOLOGY pubmed_id: 23844111 euro_pubmed_id: 23844111 pmcid: PMC3699513 legacy_divisions: L25000000 full_text_status: public publication: PLoS ONE volume: 8 number: 7 pagerange: e67852 refereed: TRUE issn: 1932-6203 hoa_compliant: 501 hoa_date_pub: 2013 hoa_date_fcd: 2015-12-15 hoa_date_foa: 2015-12-15 hoa_version_fcd: VoR hoa_exclude: FALSE hoa_gold: FALSE citation: Capewell, P. , Cooper, A. , Duffy, C.W., Tait, A., Turner, C.M.R. , Gibson, W., Mehlitz, D. and MacLeod, A. (2013) Human and animal trypanosomes in Côte d'Ivoire form a single breeding population. PLoS ONE , 8(7), e67852. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067852 ) (PMID:23844111) (PMCID:PMC3699513) document_url: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/87763/1/87763.pdf