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Introduction

[edit]

The purpose of this user page is to enable me to experiment with improving prose extracted from existing articles in main space, without running the risk of interfering in any way with the original article, or causing edit conflicts there. It is a useful sandbox when working on particularly difficult or protracted pieces of text.

The idea is to copy the original prose into the "Before" section below and then work on it in the "After" section until it's done. This way, it's easy to refer back to the original extract in the "Before" section, while experimenting with successive changes in the "After" section. The "Sample:" section contains an extract from another article, with markup clauses to emulate when working on the "After" section.

When done, the improved text can be copied back to replace the original in the article itself in one clean edit, and the "Before" and "After" sections can then be emptied until the next project. The optional "Comments" section can be used as a notepad for reminders, or for suggestions to another editor when working on a joint project.

New table with plainlist (to copy back into Hanseatic League#Hansa Proper)

[edit]

Changes from the original table:

  1. Applied new, fixed column width, all expressed as a subset of 100%.  Done (12:01, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  2. Applied {{plainlist| ... }} template to all ref tags in the Refs section; this aligns the ref digits vertically, thus narrowing the column and enabling the Notes section to be wider and easier to read. The plainlist also enables ref tags to retain their original name="..." parameters.  Done (16:59, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  3. Inserted comment block with guidance for future editors.  Done (17:33, 14 February 2020 (UTC))

Hansa Proper

[edit]
Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle
Wendish
Hamburg
Free City of Hamburg 		 Germany
Wendish
Lüneburg
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 		 Germany
Wendish
Wismar
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards).
Wendish
Rostock
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards).
Wendish
Stralsund
Principality of Rügen 		 Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam.
Wendish
Demmin
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam.
Wendish
Greifswald
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam.
Wendish
Anklam
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin.
Wendish
Stettin (Szczecin)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east
Wendish
Pasewalk
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany
Wendish
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland
Wendish
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland
Wendish
Stolp (Słupsk)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland
Baltic
Visby
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525.
Baltic
Stockholm
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden
Saxon
Braunschweig
Duchy of Saxony 		 Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle
Saxon
Bremen
Free City of Bremen 		 Germany 1260
Saxon
Magdeburg
Archbishopric of Magdeburg 		 Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle
Saxon
Goslar
Imperial City of Goslar 		 Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280.
Saxon
Erfurt
Archbishopric of Mainz 		 Germany 1430
Saxon
Stade
Archbishopric of Bremen 		 Germany
Saxon
Berlin
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442.
Saxon
Frankfurt an der Oder
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442.
Baltic
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
Elbing (Elbląg)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
Thorn (Toruń)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Baltic
Kraków
Kingdom of Poland 		 Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings.
Baltic
Breslau, (Wrocław)
Kingdom of Bohemia 		 Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings
Baltic
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
Teutonic Order 		 Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference.
Baltic
Rīga
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625).
Baltic
Reval (Tallinn)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire.
Baltic
Dorpat (Tartu)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625).
Westphalian
Cologne
Imperial City of Cologne 		 Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne.
Westphalian
Dortmund
Imperial City of Dortmund 		 Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle.
Westphalian
Deventer
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1000 1500
Westphalian
Kampen
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1441
Westphalian
Groningen
Friesland 		 Netherlands
Westphalian
Münster
Prince-Bishopric of Münster 		 Germany
Westphalian
Osnabrück
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 		 Germany 12th century
Westphalian
Soest
Imperial City of Soest 		 Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

New table with plainlist (to copy back into Hanseatic League#Kontore)

[edit]

Changes from the original table:

  1. Applied new, fixed column width, all expressed as a subset of 100%.  Done (17:47, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  2. Inserted comment block with guidance for future editors.  Done (17:47, 14 February 2020 (UTC))
  3. Applied {{plainlist| ... }} template to all ref tags in the Refs section; this aligns the ref digits vertically, thus narrowing the column and enabling the Notes section to be wider and easier to read. The plainlist also enables ref tags to retain their original name="..." parameters.  Done (18:02, 14 February 2020 (UTC))

Kontore

[edit]
Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Kontor
Novgorod: Peterhof
Novgorod Republic 		 Russia 1500s Novgorod was one of the principal Kontore of the League and the easternmost. In 1499, Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, closed the Peterhof; it was reopened a few years later, but the League's Russian trade never recovered.
Kontor
Bergen: Bryggen
Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) 		 Norway 1360 1775 Bryggen was one of the principal Kontore of the League. It was razed by accidental fire in 1476. In 1560, administration of Bryggen was placed under Norwegian administration.
Kontor
Bruges: Hanzekantoor
County of Flanders 		 Belgium Bruges was one of the principal Kontore of the League until the 15th century, when the seaway to the city silted up; trade from Antwerp benefiting from Bruges's loss.
Kontor
London: Steelyard
Kingdom of England 		 United Kingdom 1303 1853 The Steelyard was one of the principal Kontore of the League. King Edward I granted a Carta Mercatoria in 1303. The Steelyard was destroyed in 1469 and Edward IV exempted Cologne merchants, leading to the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74). The Treaty of Utrecht, sealing the peace, led to the League purchasing the Steelyard outright in 1475, with Edward having renewed the League's privileges without insisting on reciprocal rights for English merchants in the Baltic. London merchants persuaded Elizabeth I to rescind the League's privileges on 13 January 1598; while the Steelyard was re-established by James I, the advantage never returned. Consulates continued however, providing communication during the Napoleonic Wars, and the Hanseatic interest was only sold in 1853.
Kontor
Antwerp
Duchy of Brabant 		 Belgium Antwerp became a major Kontor of the League, particularly after the seaway to Bruges silted up in the 15th century, leading to its fortunes waning in Antwerp's favour, despite Antwerp's refusal to grant special privileges to the League's merchants. Between 1312 and 1406, Antwerp was a margraviate, independent of Brabant.
Kontor Bishop's Lynn (King's Lynn)
Kingdom of England 		 United Kingdom 1751 The Hanseatic Warehouse was constructed in 1475 as part of the Treaty of Utrecht, allowing the League to establish a trading depot in Lynn for the first time. It is the only surviving League building in England.
Kontor
Ipswich
Kingdom of England 		 United Kingdom Ipswich was a headport with jurisdiction over Colchester, Maldon and Harwich. In the 14th century, traders from Ipswich experienced problems when engaged in Hansa port sin the Blatic, with occasions when they were subject to mass arrests and seizure of goods. However during the 15th century more positive relations developed with Hansa merchants from Cologne. However by 1451 Ipswich bailiffs seized hanseatic ships and in 1456 hanseatic merchants complained of their ships being attacked and prevented from leaving the port. During the Anglo-Hanseatic War, Cologne merchants opposed the war and were suspended from the league. However when the war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1474, the trade with Cologne declined and by the end of the century the hanseatic trade in Ipswich was very limited.[12]
Kontor
Malmö
Kingdom of Denmark 		 Sweden 15th century Skåne (Scania) was Danish until ceded to Sweden by the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, during the Second Northern War.
Kontor
Falsterbo
Kingdom of Denmark 		 Sweden 15th century Skåne was Danish until ceded to Sweden by the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, during the Second Northern War.
Kontor
Kaunas
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 		 Lithuania 1441 In 1398 traders guild with close ties to Hanseatic league appeared in Kaunas. Treaty with Hanseatic league was signed in 1441. The main office was located in the House of Perkūnas from 1441 till 1532.
Kontor
Pleskau (Pskov)
Pskov Republic 		 Russia In the 12th and 13th centuries, Pskov adhered to the Novgorod Republic. It was captured by the Teutonic Order in 1241 and liberated by a Lithuanian prince, becoming a de facto sovereign republic by the 14th century.
Kontor
Polotsk
Principality of Polotsk 		 Belarus Polotsk was an autonomous principality of Kievan Rus' until gaining its independence in 1021. From 1240, it became a vassal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, being fully integrated into the Grand Duchy in 1307.

References

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cite error: The named reference Penguin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Holborn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Mehler JNA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mehler, Natascha (2011). "Hansefahrer im hohen Norden" (PDF). epoc (2): 16–25, particularly 20 and 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  7. ^ a b  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hanseatic League". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ Mehler, Natascha (April 2009). "HANSA: The Hanseatic Expansion in the North Atlantic". University of Vienna. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference McDonald was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dollinger2000 tensions was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b Ward, Adolphus William. Collected Papers Historical, Literary, Travel and Miscellaneous. pp. 95, 391.
  12. ^ a b Grimwade, Patricia (2019). Ipswich: A Hanseatic Port. Ipswich: Ipswich Maritime Trust.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Before

[edit]

Hansa Proper

[edit]
Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]
Wendish
Hamburg
Free City of Hamburg 		 Germany [1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 82 [7]
Wendish
Lüneburg
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 		 Germany [1][4][6][7][8]
Wendish
Wismar
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9]
Wendish
Rostock
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9][10]
Wendish
Stralsund
Principality of Rügen 		 Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1][4][6][7][9][11]
Wendish
Demmin
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
Greifswald
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1][6][7][9][12]
Wendish
Anklam
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
Stettin (Szczecin)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1][3]: 120 [4][6][8][9]
Wendish
Pasewalk
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany
Wendish
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1][6][8][12]
Wendish
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1][6][7][8][12]
Wendish
Stolp (Słupsk)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [6][8][12]
Baltic
Visby
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1][4][6][13]
Baltic
Stockholm
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden [4][6]
Saxon
Braunschweig
Duchy of Saxony 		 Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][2][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Bremen
Free City of Bremen 		 Germany 1260 [1][4][6][7][10]
Saxon
Magdeburg
Archbishopric of Magdeburg 		 Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Goslar
Imperial City of Goslar 		 Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Erfurt
Archbishopric of Mainz 		 Germany 1430 [1][4][14]
Saxon
Stade
Archbishopric of Bremen 		 Germany [1][7]
Saxon
Berlin
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Saxon
Frankfurt an der Oder
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Baltic
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][5]: 81 [6][7][8][15]: 403 
Baltic
Elbing (Elbląg)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][7][8][15]: 452 
Baltic
Thorn (Toruń)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][8][15]: 436 
Baltic
Kraków
Kingdom of Poland 		 Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16][4][6][8][17][18][19]
Baltic
Breslau, (Wrocław)
Kingdom of Bohemia 		 Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4][6][8][20][21]
Baltic
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
Teutonic Order 		 Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1][4][6][8]
Baltic
Rīga
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8][22]: 20 
Baltic
Reval (Tallinn)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23][1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 81 [6][8]
Baltic
Dorpat (Tartu)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23][1][4][6][8]
Westphalian
Cologne
Imperial City of Cologne 		 Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][6][7]
Westphalian
Dortmund
Imperial City of Dortmund 		 Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
Deventer
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1000 1500 [1][4][6][7][10][24][25][26]: 438 
Westphalian
Kampen
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1441 [1][4][6][7][25][26]: 433 
Westphalian
Groningen
Friesland 		 Netherlands [1][4][6][10]
Westphalian
Münster
Prince-Bishopric of Münster 		 Germany [1][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
Osnabrück
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 		 Germany 12th century [1][4][6][7][8]
Westphalian
Soest
Imperial City of Soest 		 Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with line breaks

[edit]

Using line breaks aligns the ref digits vertically and thus succeeds in narrowing the Refs column. However, this method:
"breaches Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility #Bulleted vertical lists: "Do not separate list items with line breaks (<br>). Use {{plainlist}} / {{unbulleted list}} ..."." (See: Help:Citation merging#Syntax.)

Hansa Proper

[edit]
Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1]

[2]
[3]: 47, 120 
[4]
[5]: 74, 82 
[6]

Wendish
Hamburg
Free City of Hamburg 		 Germany [1]

[3]: 47 
[4]
[5]: 82 
[7]

Wendish
Lüneburg
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 		 Germany [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Wendish
Wismar
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[9]

Wendish
Rostock
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[9]
[10]

Wendish
Stralsund
Principality of Rügen 		 Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[9]
[11]

Wendish
Demmin
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1]

[6]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
Greifswald
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1]

[6]
[7]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
Anklam
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1]

[6]
[9]
[12]

Wendish
Stettin (Szczecin)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1]

[3]: 120 
[4]
[6]
[8]
[9]

Wendish
Pasewalk
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany
Wendish
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1]

[6]
[8]
[12]

Wendish
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1]

[6]
[7]
[8]
[12]

Wendish
Stolp (Słupsk)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [6]

[8]
[12]

Baltic
Visby
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1]

[4]
[6]
[13]

Baltic
Stockholm
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden [4]

[6]

Saxon
Braunschweig
Duchy of Saxony 		 Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1]

[2]
[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
Bremen
Free City of Bremen 		 Germany 1260 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[10]

Saxon
Magdeburg
Archbishopric of Magdeburg 		 Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
Goslar
Imperial City of Goslar 		 Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Saxon
Erfurt
Archbishopric of Mainz 		 Germany 1430 [1]

[4]
[14]

Saxon
Stade
Archbishopric of Bremen 		 Germany [1]

[7]

Saxon
Berlin
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 

[4]
[5]: 32 
[6]
[8]

Saxon
Frankfurt an der Oder
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4]

[5]: 32 
[6]
[8]

Baltic
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[2]
[3]: 120 
[4]
[5]: 81 
[6]
[7]
[8]
[15]: 403 

Baltic
Elbing (Elbląg)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[15]: 452 

Baltic
Thorn (Toruń)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1]

[4]
[6]
[8]
[15]: 436 

Baltic
Kraków
Kingdom of Poland 		 Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16]

[4]
[6]
[8]
[17]
[18]
[19]

Baltic
Breslau, (Wrocław)
Kingdom of Bohemia 		 Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4]

[6]
[8]
[20]
[21]

Baltic
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
Teutonic Order 		 Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1]

[4]
[6]
[8]

Baltic
Rīga
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]
[22]: 20 

Baltic
Reval (Tallinn)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23]

[1]
[3]: 47 
[4]
[5]: 81 
[6]
[8]

Baltic
Dorpat (Tartu)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23]

[1]
[4]
[6]
[8]

Westphalian
Cologne
Imperial City of Cologne 		 Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1]

[2]
[3]: 120 
[4]
[6]
[7]

Westphalian
Dortmund
Imperial City of Dortmund 		 Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7][8]

Westphalian
Deventer
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1000 1500 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[10]
[24]
[25]
[26]: 438 

Westphalian
Kampen
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1441 [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[25]
[26]: 433 

Westphalian
Groningen
Friesland 		 Netherlands [1]

[4]
[6]
[10]

Westphalian
Münster
Prince-Bishopric of Münster 		 Germany [1]

[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]

Westphalian
Osnabrück
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 		 Germany 12th century [1]

[4]
[6]
[7]
[8]

Westphalian
Soest
Imperial City of Soest 		 Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1]

[4]
[5]: 82 
[6]
[7]
[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with exact % in all cols, plus 'nowrap' in all cols except 'Refs' column

[edit]

In this example, I have reused the original table (shown above, in section 'Before') and simply changed the code to force all columns to a specific % value each (totalling 100%, of course) of the whole table (itself set at a total width of 100%), and I coded the 'nowrap' parameter for all columns, except for the Refs column, which is the only one that I do want to wrap.

Result: I must be doing something wrong, because it does not make any difference at all. Surely, this should do it? Interestingly, the system did not issue an error message when I hard-coded:

! class="unsortable" style="width: 5%; white-space: wrap;" | Refs ...
... as if the wrap parameter was supported, even though it isn't mentioned anywhere I've looked!

Hansa Proper

[edit]
Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]
Wendish
Hamburg
Free City of Hamburg 		 Germany [1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 82 [7]
Wendish
Lüneburg
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 		 Germany [1][4][6][7][8]
Wendish
Wismar
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty (Rostocker Landfrieden) in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9]
Wendish
Rostock
Duchy of Mecklenburg 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][9][10]
Wendish
Stralsund
Principality of Rügen 		 Germany 1293 Rügen was a fief of the Danish crown to 1325. Stralsund joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Stralsund was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Greifswald, Demmin and Anklam. [1][4][6][7][9][11]
Wendish
Demmin
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Demmin was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Anklam. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
Greifswald
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Greifswald was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Demmin and Anklam. [1][6][7][9][12]
Wendish
Anklam
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards). From 1339 to the 17th century, Anklam was a member of the Vierstädtebund with Stralsund, Greifswald and Demmin. [1][6][9][12]
Wendish
Stettin (Szczecin)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland 1278 Joined the 10-year Rostock Peace Treaty in 1283, which was the predecessor of the federation of Wendish towns (1293 onwards); since the 14th century gradually adopted the role of a chief city for the Pomeranian Hanseatic towns to its east [1][3]: 120 [4][6][8][9]
Wendish
Pasewalk
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Germany
Wendish
Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1][6][8][12]
Wendish
Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [1][6][7][8][12]
Wendish
Stolp (Słupsk)
Duchy of Pomerania 		 Poland [6][8][12]
Baltic
Visby
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden 1470 In 1285 at Kalmar, the League agreed with Magnus III, King of Sweden, that Gotland be joined with Sweden.[citation needed] In 1470, Visby's status was rescinded by the League, with Lübeck razing the city's churches in May 1525. [1][4][6][13]
Baltic
Stockholm
Kingdom of Sweden 		 Sweden [4][6]
Saxon
Braunschweig
Duchy of Saxony 		 Germany 13th century 17th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][2][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Bremen
Free City of Bremen 		 Germany 1260 [1][4][6][7][10]
Saxon
Magdeburg
Archbishopric of Magdeburg 		 Germany 13th century Capital of the Saxon, Thuringian and Brandenburg Circle [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Goslar
Imperial City of Goslar 		 Germany 1267 1566 Goslar was a fief of Saxony until 1280. [1][4][6][7][8]
Saxon
Erfurt
Archbishopric of Mainz 		 Germany 1430 [1][4][14]
Saxon
Stade
Archbishopric of Bremen 		 Germany [1][7]
Saxon
Berlin
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1442 Brandenburg was raised to an Electorate in 1356. Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [3]: 120 [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Saxon
Frankfurt an der Oder
Margraviate of Brandenburg 		 Germany 1430 1442 Elector Frederick II caused all the Brandenburg cities to leave the League in 1442. [4][5]: 32 [6][8]
Baltic
Gdańsk - Danzig (Gdańsk)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Capital of the Prussian, Livonian and Swedish (or East Baltic) Circle. Danzig had been first a part of the Duchy of Pomerelia, a fief of the Polish Crown, with Polish-Kashubian population, then part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1308 until 1457. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia including Gdańsk was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][5]: 81 [6][7][8][15]: 403 
Baltic
Elbing (Elbląg)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1358 Elbing had originally been part of the territory of the Old Prussians, until the 1230s when it became part of the State of the Teutonic Order. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Elbląg was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][7][8][15]: 452 
Baltic
Thorn (Toruń)
Teutonic Order 		 Poland 1280 Toruń was part of the State of the Teutonic Order from 1233 until 1466. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Royal Prussia, including Toruń, was part of the Kingdom of Poland. [1][4][6][8][15]: 436 
Baltic
Kraków
Kingdom of Poland 		 Poland c. 1370 c. 1500 Kraków was the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, 1038–1596/1611. It adopted Magdeburg town law and 5000 Poles and 3500 Germans lived within the city proper in the 15th century; Poles steadily rose in the ranks of guild memberships reaching 41% of guild members in 1500. It was very loosely associated with Hansa, and paid no membership fees, nor sent representatives to League meetings. [16][4][6][8][17][18][19]
Baltic
Breslau, (Wrocław)
Kingdom of Bohemia 		 Poland 1387 1474 Breslau, a part of the Duchy of Breslau and the Kingdom of Bohemia, was only loosely connected to the League and paid no membership fees nor did its representatives take part in Hansa meetings [4][6][8][20][21]
Baltic
Königsberg (Kaliningrad)
Teutonic Order 		 Russia 1340 Königsberg was the capital of the Teutonic Order, becoming the capital of Ducal Prussia on the Order's secularisation in 1466. Ducal Prussia was a German principality that was a fief of the Polish crown until gaining its independence in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after East Prussia was divided between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. [1][4][6][8]
Baltic
Rīga
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Latvia 1282 During the Livonian War (1558–83), Riga became a Free imperial city until the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn ceded Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8][22]: 20 
Baltic
Reval (Tallinn)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1285 On joining the Hanseatic League, Reval was a Danish fief, but was sold, with the rest of northern Estonia, to the Teutonic Order in 1346. After the Livonian War (1558–83), northern Estonia became a part of the Swedish Empire. [23][1][3]: 47 [4][5]: 81 [6][8]
Baltic
Dorpat (Tartu)
Terra Mariana (Livonia) 		 Estonia 1280s The Bishopric of Dorpat gained increasing autonomy within the Terra Mariana. During the Livonian War (1558–83), Dorpat fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the 1581 Treaty of Drohiczyn definitively ceding Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the city was captured by Sweden in the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). [23][1][4][6][8]
Westphalian
Cologne
Imperial City of Cologne 		 Germany 1669 Capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle until after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), when the city was prosecuted in 1475 with temporary trade sanctions (German: Verhanst) for some years for having supported England; Dortmund was made capital of the Circle. Cologne also was called "Electorate of Cologne" (German: Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln). In June 1669 the last Hanseday was held in the town of Lübeck by the last remaining Hanse members, amongst others Cologne. [1][2][3]: 120 [4][6][7]
Westphalian
Dortmund
Imperial City of Dortmund 		 Germany After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
Deventer
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1000 1500 [1][4][6][7][10][24][25][26]: 438 
Westphalian
Kampen
Bishopric of Utrecht 		 Netherlands 1441 [1][4][6][7][25][26]: 433 
Westphalian
Groningen
Friesland 		 Netherlands [1][4][6][10]
Westphalian
Münster
Prince-Bishopric of Münster 		 Germany [1][5]: 82 [6][7][8]
Westphalian
Osnabrück
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 		 Germany 12th century [1][4][6][7][8]
Westphalian
Soest
Imperial City of Soest 		 Germany 1609 The city was a part of the Electorate of Cologne until acquiring its freedom in 1444–49, after which it aligned with the Duchy of Cleves. [1][4][5]: 82 [6][7][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Barthold, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm (1862). Geschichte der Deutschen Hanse [History of the German Hansa]. Leizig: TD Weigel. pp. 35 and 496–97.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Schäfer, D (2010). Die deutsche Hanse [The German Hanseatic League]. Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig. pp. 37. ISBN 978-3-8262-1933-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Wernicke, Horst (2007). "Die Hansestädte an der Oder". In Schlögel, Karl; Halicka, Beata (eds.). Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom (in German). Lang. pp. 137–48, here p. 142. ISBN 978-3-631-56149-2.
  10. ^ a b c d Mehler, Natascha (2009). "The Perception and Interpretation of Hanseatic Material Culture in the North Atlantic: Problems and Suggestions" (PDF). Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Volume 1: Archaeologies of the Early Modern North Atlantic): 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Stralsund". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Buchholz, Werner; et al. (1999). Pommern (in German). Siedler. p. 120. ISBN 3-88680-272-8.
  13. ^ "Varför ruinerades Visby" [Why is Visby ruined]. Goteinfo.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  14. ^ Westholm, Gun. Hanseatic Sites, Routes and Monuments: A Traveler's Guide to the Past and Present. Uppsala: Gotland Centre for Baltic Studies, 1994.
  15. ^ a b c Bedford, Neil (2008). Poland. Lonely Planet. pp. 403, 436, 452 and 476. ISBN 978-1-74104-479-9.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Blumówna was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Alma Mater. Kraków: Jagiellonian University. 2008. p. 6.
  18. ^ Carter, Francis W. (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland. An economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795, Volume 20. Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71, 100–02. ISBN 0-521-41239-0.
  19. ^ Jelicz, Antonina (1966). Życie codzienne w średniowiecznym Krakowie: wiek XIII–XV [Everyday life in medieval Krakow: 13th–15th century]. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
  20. ^ Gilewska-Dubis, Janina (2000). Życie codzienne mieszczan wrocławskich w dobie średniowiecza [Everyday life of citizens of Wrocław during medieval times]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 160.
  21. ^ Buśko, Cezary; Włodzimierz Suleja; Teresa Kulak (2001). Historia Wrocławia: Od pradziejów do końca czasów habsburskich [Wrocław History: From Prehistory to the end of the Habsburg era]. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. p. 152.
  22. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R (2004). Crusader castles of the Teutonic Knights: The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey Publishing. pp. 20, 60. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mills was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehler EPOC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b ver Berkmoes, Ryan; Karla Zimmerman (2010). The Netherlands. Lonely Planet. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MkAw1f_iSEwC&pg=PA255 255]. ISBN 978-1-74104-925-1.
  26. ^ a b McDonald, George (2009). Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg, 11th Edition. Frommers. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTZJUc–TP9MC&lpg=PA134 134, 176, 397, 432–38. ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.

After, with bundling the ref tags

[edit]

See WP:BUNDLING, and coding details in Help:Citation merging.

'Hansa Proper' table with bundled refs

[edit]

Note: Considered bundling the ref tags. Unfortunately, when name="..." parameters are coded in the ref tags, these will be lost when bundling the citations within a single ref tag. Therefore, it seems the only solution is {{plainlist...}} after all.

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle [1][2][3]: 47, 120 [4][5]: 74, 82 [6]

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

After, with plainlist

[edit]

'Hansa Proper' table with plainlist, to preserve (ref name="...") parameters

[edit]

Note: Applying {{plainlist...}} is the appropriate solution.

Quarter City Territory Now From Until Notes Refs
Wendish
Lübeck
Free City of Lübeck 		 Germany Capital of the Hanseatic League, capital of the Wendish and Pomeranian Circle

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Falke was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Natkiel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Keating was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Jotischky, Andrew; Caroline Hull (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Medieval World. Penguin Books. pp. 122–23. ISBN 978-0-14-101449-4.
  5. ^ Holborn, Hajo (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=350Qosar–UcC&pg=PA32 32, 74, 80–82. ISBN 0-691-00795-0.
  6. ^ Dollinger, Philippe (2000). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. pp. ix–x. ISBN 0-8047-0742-1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

Sample: Vladimir Horowitz's recordings of the works of Chopin

[edit]
Year of issue Album details Recording date(s) Record label
1982 Horowitz At the Met[1] November 1981 RCA Red Seal Records
1983 Horowitz in London[2] May 1982 RCA Red Seal Records
1985 Vladimir Horowitz – The Last Romantic[3] April 1985 Deutsche Grammophon
1986 Horowitz in Moscow[4]
  • Chopin: Mazurka in C-sharp minor, Op. 30, No. 4 / Mazurka in F minor, Op. 7, No. 3
 April 1986 Deutsche Grammophon
1990 Horowitz – The Last Recording[5] October & November, 1989 Sony Classical
1990 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 1[6] 1945–1982 RCA Gold Seal
1991 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 2[7] 1947–1957 RCA Gold Seal
1992 Schumann: Kinderszenen, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy[8] 1928–1977 RCA Gold Seal
1992 Discovered Treasures[9] 1963–1972 Sony Classical
1993 Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 3[10] 1945–1957 RCA Gold Seal
1993 Horowitz Plays Beethoven, Scarlatti, Chopin[11] 1928–1959 RCA Gold Seal
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 1: The Studio Recordings 1962–1963[12] 1962–1963 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 3: The Historic Return[13] 1965–1966 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 4: The Legendary 1968 TV Concert[14] 1968 Sony Classical
1993 The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 7: Early Romantics[15] 1968–1971 Sony Classical
1994 The Private Collection Vol. 1[16] 1945–1950 RCA Red Seal
1997 Vladimir Horowitz, Solo Recordings 1928–1936[17] 1930–1936 Pearl
2001 Chopin: Piano Music[18] 1957–1982 RCA Red Seal
2003 The Boston Recital[19] October 1969 Living Stage
2003 Horowitz reDiscovered[20] November 16, 1975 RCA Red Seal
2003 Horowitz Live and Unedited – The Historic 1965 Carnegie Hall Return Concert[21] 1962–1965 Sony Masterworks
2008 Horowitz in Hamburg – The Last Concert[22] July 21, 1987 Deutsche Grammophon
2009 Vladimir Horowitz At Carnegie Hall – The Private Collection: Schumann, Chopin, Liszt & Balakirev[23] 1946–1950 Sony Classics
2009 The Welte Mignon Mystery Vol. XI – Vladimir Horowitz today playing all his 1926 interpretations.[24] 1926/2009 Tacet
2010 Horowitz – The Legendary Berlin Concert[25] May 18, 1986 Sony Classics

References

  1. ^ "Horowitz At the Met". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  2. ^ "Horowitz in London". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  3. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz – The Last Romantic". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  4. ^ "Horowitz in Moscow". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  5. ^ "Horowitz – The Last Recording". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  6. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 1". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  7. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 2". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  8. ^ "Schumann: Kinderszenen, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  9. ^ "Discovered Treasures". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  10. ^ "Horowitz Plays Chopin, Vol. 3". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  11. ^ "Horowitz Plays Beethoven, Scarlatti, Chopin". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  12. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 1: The Studio Recordings 1962–1963". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  13. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 3: The Historic Return". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  14. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 4: The Legendary 1968 TV Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  15. ^ "The Complete Masterworks Recordings, Vol. 7: Early Romantics". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  16. ^ "The Private Collection Vol. 1". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
  17. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz, Solo Recordings 1928–1936". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  18. ^ "Chopin: Piano Music". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  19. ^ "The Boston Recital". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  20. ^ "Horowitz reDiscovered". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  21. ^ "Horowitz Live and Unedited – The Historic 1965 Carnegie Hall Return Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  22. ^ "Horowitz in Hamburg – The Last Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  23. ^ "Vladimir Horowitz At Carnegie Hall – The Private Collection: Schumann, Chopin, Liszt & Balakirev". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
  24. ^ The Welte Mignon Mystery Vol. XI Retrieved 2011-01-25.
  25. ^ "Horowitz – The Legendary Berlin Concert". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
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