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1996 Super League season

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Super League I
LeagueSuper League
Duration22 Rounds
Teams12
Highest attendance20,429
Wigan vs St. Helens (21 June)
Lowest attendance1,400
Workington Town vs London Broncos (23 June)
Attendance867,372
(average 6,571)
Broadcast partnersSky Sports
1996 Season
ChampionsSt. Helens
1st Super League title
8th British title
Runners-upWigan
Premiership winnersWigan
Man of SteelEngland Andrew Farrell
Top point-scorer(s)England Bobbie Goulding (257)
Top try-scorer(s)England Paul Newlove (28)
Promotion and relegation
Promoted from Division OneSalford Reds
Relegated to Division OneWorkington Town

The year 1996's Stones Bitter Super League I was the official name for the 102nd season of top-level rugby league football, and the first year of Europe's new championship: Super League. It is also the first season of rugby league to be played in summer.[1] The competition featured all eleven teams from the 1995-96 RFL First Division plus one expansion club, Paris Saint-Germain.

Teams

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Twelve teams were selected to play in the inaugural Super League season.

Legend
  Reigning Champions
  Challenge Cup Holders
  Promoted/ New franchise
Team 1995-96 position Stadium Capacity City/Area
Bradford Bulls 7th Odsal 27,000 Bradford, West Yorkshire
Castleford Tigers 6th Wheldon Road 11,750 Castleford, West Yorkshire
Halifax Blue Sox 3rd Thrum Hall 9,832 Halifax, West Yorkshire
Leeds 2nd Headingley 21,500 Leeds, West Yorkshire
London Broncos 10th The Valley 27,000 Charlton, Greater London
Oldham Bears 8th Watersheddings 9,000 Oldham, Greater Manchester
Paris Saint-Germain N/A Sébastien Charléty Stadium 20,000 Paris, France
Sheffield Eagles 5th Don Valley Stadium 25,000 Sheffield, South Yorkshire
St. Helens 4th Knowsley Road 17,500 St Helens, Mersyside
Warrington Wolves 9th Wilderspool 9,200 Warrington, Cheshire
D* Wigan 1st Central Park 18,000 Wigan, Greater Manchester
Workington Town 11th Derwent Park 10,000 Workington, Cumbria

Formation

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Original plan

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Although RFL chairman Maurice Lindsay had pushed for a more modern top-flight setup for some time, his previous efforts had only resulted in a tepid reform during the 1995 offseason.[2] The more radical Super League came together over just ninety-six hours in early April 1995, following overtures by emissaries of Australian media conglomerate News Ltd., who were looking for international partners to sway the battle for the control of Australian rugby league in their favour.[3] The first rumours transpiring from the talks mentioned a 1997 start.[4] News' plan entailed moving the RFL season to summer to align it with the southern hemisphere, to which St Helen and Leeds were said to be the most reticent.[4] In particular, Leeds feared scheduling conflicts with the Yorkshire County Cricket Club, but they were quickly won over by the financial opportunities promised by the Murdoch deal.[5]

The English game's new era officially began on 8 April 1995, when RFL clubs voted to approve the £77 million package negotiated with News to help the transition.[6][7] The initial plan for the European Super League (so named because it was then supposed to share the Super League moniker with an Australasian equivalent) included fourteen teams. Several of the twelve projected English teams were composites of existing small-town clubs.[6][8] The initial plan was for the amalgamated teams to rotate between several stadiums, which would be replaced by a single, state-of-the-art venue in the future.[9] Clubs could turn down the merger and be assigned to the second tier instead.[10] Two French teams were added to give the competition the requisite European stature. Their management was entrusted to veteran coach Jacques Fouroux, who had recently founded a summer competition of his own called France Rugby League.[11] Promotion and relegation would be frozen for the first two seasons.[12]

A Cardiff side was also slated to begin play in the second tier with an eye on promotion (a hastily thrown together Welsh club did take the field, but never reached those heights).[13][14] An agent claimed that three Wales union stars, Mike Hall, Tony Clement and Robert Jones had inquired via a third party about the salaries on offer in the Super League, which Hall angrily denied, accusing the younger code of using his name for publicity.[15] More hypothetic were plans for a team in Dublin, and Jacques Fouroux's dream of teams in Barcelona (made of players from French Catalonia) and Milan, which even the progressive Maurice Lindsay called into question.[16]

Legacy markets Consolidated markets Expansion markets
Existing teams Merged as
Bradford Castleford, Wakefield, Featherstone Calder Paris
Halifax Hull F.C., Hull Kingston Rovers Humberside Toulouse[a]
Leeds Salford, Oldham Manchester —
St Helens Sheffield, Doncaster South Yorkshire
Wigan Warrington, Widnes Cheshire
— Whitehaven, Workington, Barrow, Carlisle Cumbria
  1. ^ Contemporary press articles indicate that the Toulouse market would have been represented by a new team, rather than the historic Toulouse Olympique.[5]


The reform immediately drew the opposition of the fanbases involved in the planned mergers,[17] as well as a group of MPs[18] and the Rugby League Professional Players' Association.[19] Additionally, second-tier champions Keighley threatened to sue to get the promotion they had earned on the field prior to the reform.[20][21][22] RFL chairman Maurice Lindsay suggested that they enter the Super League via a merger with Bradford, which the club strenuously refused.[5] Halifax was also briefly in talks to merge with Bradford or Huddersfield due to their outdated stadium.[3][11][17] Their board of director did vote to merge with the former, but met with strong hostility from the community and did not proceed.[23] Wigan president Jack Robinson even threatened an unlikely merger with the sport's other powerhouse St Helens, although this was primarily a political powerplay to put pressure on the city as he was looking for subsidies to upgrade his club's ground.[18] Widnes, for its part, refused to merge with Warrington and instead opted to take first place on the Super League waiting list, due to the likely cancellation of the second French team based in Toulouse,[20][22][24] which was confirmed a few days later when Fouroux opted to focus his efforts on a single club.[6][25][26]

Revised setup

[edit]

However, following another meeting on May 1, 1995, Murdoch's financial contribution was increased to £87 million and a new format was agreed upon by a majority of clubs.[27] The mergers were abandoned but, rather than enlarge the Superleague contingent as speculated, it was decided to trim it further to twelve teams: the capital cities of Paris and London, plus the top ten of the 1994–95 First Division campaign.[28][29] This was supposed to amount to £1.1 million for each Super League club, although these projections were later lowered to £830,000 after the RFL took its share of it to finance central operating costs.[30] Half of the Murdoch money was set aside for ground improvements.[31]

Salford, who did not make the cut, put in a bid to convince the RFL to let them represent Manchester in place of higher ranked Oldham, but ultimately chose to accept the new plan for the good of the game.[32] However, Widnes, which had just been reinstated thanks to Toulouse's withdrawal, found itself out of the league once more, on the basis of its uncharacteristically poor 1994–95 ranking. The club launched a lawsuit of its own against the RFL.[29][33][34] It was summarily dismissed at the end of May,[35] but Widnes and Keighley kept dragging their feet to sign the Super League agreement, demanding formal guarantees that a promotion and relegation system be preserved.[36] In mid-July, the RFL voted in favour of a "one up, one down" scheme with immediate effect.[37] Keighley dropped their lawsuit shortly after.[38]

Operational rules

[edit]

Game presentation:

  • The Rugby Football League Council approved a proposal by Super League chief executives to adopt squad numbering. Players would wear a number (1-25) on their shirts all season in addition to their names.[39]
  • A video screen was added at all fields to announce the in-goal referee or video referee's decision.[31]

Rules to ensure the sustainability of Super League clubs were introduced:

  • Clubs operated under a series of financial rules that specified spending levels in different areas of club operations, demanded that clubs' accounts be submitted monthly for monitoring.[40]
  • A salary cap restricted clubs from spending more than 40% of their income on players.[40]

To protect global Super League interests:

  • Due to the Super League war in Australia, a number of British players signed "loyalty" contracts which gave News Corporation a veto power over them in an attempt to prevent transfers to Australian Rugby League clubs.[1][40] ARL boss Ken Arthurson had previously warned that his organisation was not bound to respect the RFL's player rights any more following its alignment with the Murdoch camp.[41]
  • As non-traditional markets, London and Paris were exempted from the league's six-import limit.[42]

Rule changes

[edit]

Four new rules were introduced for the inaugural Super League season:[43]

  • Scrums were now to be set 20 metres from the touch-line, with the aim of creating attacking opportunities.[44]
  • At the restart after a try has been scored and the conversion attempt has been taken, the side that scored will now kick off to the other team.[44] This change aimed to make contests more even by almost guaranteeing possession for the side that had conceded points.[44] Greg McCallum, the director of referees' coaching, also noted that this convention was "in line with most other sports" and "that is significant when we come to promoting the game in America and Asia".[44]

In an attempt to "clean up" the ruck:

  • At the play-the-ball, the side not in possession was barred from striking for the ball.[44]
  • Also at the play-the-ball, the tackled player was stopped from being able to tap the ball forwards to himself - even in the absence of markers.[44]

Media coverage

[edit]

The beginning of the Super League era coincided with that of a new TV contract with Murdoch's Sky Sports, which was already the First Division's broadcaster, but now offered a more thorough schedule, featuring a Friday and a Saturday game on most weeks.[45] Up to seventeen cameras, including seven replay angles, were used.[46] Video judges now replaced in-goal judges during games broadcast on Sky.[43][47]

Season summary

[edit]

On 29 March 1996, Super League kicked off in Paris before 17,873 people at the Charlety Stadium when new team Paris Saint Germain overcame Sheffield Eagles 30–24.[48] Despite air traffic disruptions that forced members of the British press to seek alternate means of transport, the Super League received ample plaudits for its opener,[49] with PSG president Jacques Fouroux declaring that night: "Ninety eight per cent of them [the crowd] were new to the game, but they understood it right away. They saw tries, lots of commitment and lots of movement. They saw beauty. They attended a great party."[48]

Pundits announced that the season would be more competitive than seen in recent memory, and predicted that St. Helens would mount a serious challenge for Wigan's title.[31][43] The Saints fulfilled those promises, and were crowned inaugural Super League champions after a win over Warrington Wolves at Knowsley Road, finishing in first position on the league ladder.[50] During the year a secondary title, known as the Premiership was also played, with the final being contested between Wigan and the championship winners St. Helens with Wigan coming out victorious and Andy Farrell winning the Harry Sunderland Trophy.

While a French team was an unknown quantity at this level, Paris Saint-Germain was deemed capable of at least avoiding relegation.[31][43] Workington Town were the overwhelming favourites for the wooden spoon,[31][43][51] and failed to beat the odds, finishing at the bottom of the standings for the second successive season. To date this is their only Super League season and no other club from Cumbria has competed since, Salford Reds were promoted to take their place in Super League II.

Table

[edit]
Super League I
Pos Team
 Pld W D L PF PA PD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 St Helens (C) 22 20 0 2 950 455 +495 40 Qualified for Premiership semi final
2 Wigan 22 19 1 2 902 326 +576 39 Qualified for Premiership semi final
3 Bradford Bulls 22 17 0 5 767 409 +358 34
4 London Broncos 22 12 1 9 611 462 +149 25
5 Warrington Wolves 22 12 0 10 569 565 +4 24
6 Halifax Blue Sox 22 10 1 11 667 576 +91 21
7 Sheffield Eagles 22 10 0 12 599 730 −131 20
8 Oldham Bears 22 9 1 12 473 681 −208 19
9 Castleford Tigers 22 9 0 13 548 599 −51 18
10 Leeds 22 6 0 16 555 745 −190 12
11 Paris Saint-Germain 22 3 1 18 398 795 −397 7
12 Workington Town (R) 22 2 1 19 325 1021 −696 5 Relegated to Division One
Source: Rugby League Project
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Points difference; 3) Number of points scored;
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

Premiership

[edit]
Main article: 1996 Rugby League Premiership

The top four finishing teams competed in a short play-off series for the Premiership Trophy. This competition was separate to the Super League Championship awarded to St. Helens, and continued a long tradition in British rugby league of crowning a season champion and an end of season Premier. The final was played between the Wigan and St. Helens on Sunday, 8 September at Old Trafford before a crowd of 35,013.[52] Wigan won the match 44-14 and their loose forward Andy Farrell received the Harry Sunderland Trophy as man-of-the-match.

Semifinals Final
      
1 St. Helens 25
4 London Broncos 14
St. Helens 14
Wigan 44
2 Wigan 42
3 Bradford Bulls 36

Statistics

[edit]

The following are the top points scorers in the Super League during the 1996 season. Statistics are for league matches only.[53]

Most points

Player Team Tries Goals DGs Points
Bobbie Goulding St. Helens 5 117 3 257
John Schuster Halifax Blue Sox 8 101 2 236
Andy Farrell Wigan 5 103 0 226
Graham Holroyd Leeds 11 76 2 198
Frano Botica Castleford Tigers 5 84 2 190
Mark Aston Sheffield Eagles 2 86 1 181
Greg Barwick London Broncos 16 50 2 166
Steve McNamara Bradford Bulls 1 78 2 162
Iestyn Harris Warrington 4 63 2 144
Francis Maloney Oldham Bears 6 45 0 114

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dave Hadfield (1995-12-20). "Rugby's pounds 87m deal gives Murdoch transfer veto". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  2. ^ Gration, Harry (April 9, 1995). "Finest hour for radical Lindsay". The Sunday Telegraph. London. p. 9 (Sport)  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  3. ^ a b Hadfield, Dave (16 April 1995) [15 April 1995]. "How the deal was done". The Independent. London. p. 8 (Sport)  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  4. ^ a b Irvine, Christopher (8 April 1995). "£25 million would sweeten bitter pill of club mergers" (PDF). The Times. London. p. 41.
  5. ^ a b c Irvine, Christopher (12 April 1995). "Super League sways Leeds" (PDF). The Times. London. p. 42.
  6. ^ a b c Fletcher, Raymond; Howes, David (1995). "Super League". Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook : 1995–96. London: Headline Book Publishing. pp. 9–14. ISBN 9780747278177.
  7. ^ Dawson, George (April 10, 1995). "Old Trafford movie is Salford target". Manchester Evening News. p. 48  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  8. ^ Irvine, Christopher (10 April 1995). "Disbelief meets swift creation of Super League" (PDF). The Times. London. p. 32.
  9. ^ Crossley, Michael (April 9, 1995). "Top-class clubs to amalgamate". The Sunday Telegraph. London. p. 9 (Sport)  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  10. ^ Whalley, John (17 April 1995). "Rescue package which carries an ailing game into the 20th century (Maurice Lindsay interview)". p. S14  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  11. ^ a b Hadfield, Dave (9 April 1995). "The revolution starts here". The Independent. London. p. 6 (Sport)  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  12. ^ Fitzpatrick, Paul (10 April 1995). "Chairmen braced for supporter backlash". The Guardian. London. p. 17  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  13. ^ Rees, Paul (9 April 1995). "RL moves to summer". Wales on Sunday/Sport on Sunday. Cardiff. p. 1, 3  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  14. ^ Whalley, John (24 January 1996). "Super League to use eye in the stand". The Daily Telegraph. p. 37  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  15. ^ Rees, Paul (9 April 1995). "No Way!". Wales on Sunday/Sport on Sunday. Cardiff. p. 1, 3  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  16. ^ Irvine, Christopher (14 May 1996). "League sets its sights on union's heartlands" (PDF). The Times. London. p. 47.
  17. ^ a b Crossley, Michael (April 16, 1995). "Easter Uprising". The Sunday Telegraph. London. p. 6 (Sport)  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  18. ^ a b Fitzpatrick, Patrick; Bates, Paul (11 April 1995). "Stadium crisis may force Wigan-Saints super merger". The Guardian. London. p. 16  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  19. ^ "Boycott threat to Super League". South Wales Evening Post. Cardiff. April 15, 1995. p. 33  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  20. ^ a b Whalley, John (14 April 1995). "Keighley set to sue following rejection". The Daily Telegraph. p. 33  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  21. ^ Whalley, John (April 25, 1995). "Keighley's writ over Super League set-up". The Daily Telegraph. London. p. 33  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  22. ^ a b Fitzpatrick, Paul (April 14, 1995). "Keighley to sue RFL over Super League omission". The Guardian. London. p. 17  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  23. ^ Hamer, Martin (April 13, 1995). "Halifax fans unhappy at director's merger plans". The Birmingham Post. p. 14  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  24. ^ "French hand Widnes Super League reprieve". Evening Sentinel. Stoke-on-Trent. 15 April 1995. p. 19.
  25. ^ Burke, David (15 April 1995). "French leave grounds for celebration". Manchester Evening News. p. 45.
  26. ^ Irvine, Christopher (15 April 1995). "Warrington merger scrapped in new talks" (PDF). The Times. London. p. 40.
  27. ^ "Latest details on the Rugby League revolution". The Hull Daily Mail. 6 May 1995. p. 10  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  28. ^ Fitzpatrick, Paul (May 1, 1995). "Super League takes a cut". The Guardian. London. p. 19  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  29. ^ a b Bettley, Dave (4 May 1995). "Chemics fight for place in Superleague". Widnes Weekly News. p. 1  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  30. ^ "Future on wing and a prayer". Sunday Telegraph. London. 24 March 1996. p. Sport 9.
  31. ^ a b c d e Irvine, Christopher (29 March 1996). "Rugby league springs into summer era". The Times. London. p. 46.
  32. ^ "Reds miss super chance". Salford Advertiser. 4 May 1995. p. 80  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  33. ^ Fitzpatrick, Paul (2 May 1995). "Welcome mat for Newcastle but Widnes shunned". The Guardian. London. p. 24  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  34. ^ Robert, Chris (3 May 1995). "Widnes Injunction". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. p. 22  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  35. ^ "Losers Widnes face big bill". The Guardian. London. 27 May 1995. p. 18  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  36. ^ Walker, Nick (1 June 1995). "Widnes stand film over Super League moves". Liverpool Echo. p. 72  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  37. ^ Fitzpatrick, Patrick (12 July 1995). "Super League relents on early relegation". The Guardian. London. p. 20  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  38. ^ "Keighley drop legal threat". Bolton Evening News. 21 July 1995. p. 61  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  39. ^ Dave Hadfield (1996-02-09). "Super League adopts squad numbering". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  40. ^ a b c Dave Hadfield (1996-01-23). "Lindsay defends the Super League revolution". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  41. ^ Tingle, Richard (6 May 1995). "Transfer free for all on the way". The Hull Daily Mail. p. 10  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  42. ^ Walker, Nick (1 March 1997). "Rugby League". Liverpool Echo. p. 23.
  43. ^ a b c d e Whalley, John (29 March 1996). "Super League renews quest to capture hearts and minds". The Daily Telegraph. London. p. 42.
  44. ^ a b c d e f Dave Hadfield (1995-12-13). "Changes usher in new ball game". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  45. ^ "Rugby league's new era has super exposure". Birmingham Post. 19 January 1996. p. 19  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  46. ^ Borthwick, Ian (25 March 1996). "Sky Sports". Evening Standard. London. p. 65.
  47. ^ Whalley, John (24 January 1996). "Super League to use eye in the stand". The Daily Telegraph. p. 37  – via newspapers.com (subscription required) .
  48. ^ a b "Le Blog Day 2, Back to Charlety and Paris Saint Germain". Chris Irvine, Times Online. 12 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
  49. ^ @Chrisirvine (March 28, 2021). "March 29 1996, 25 years ago. Start of Super League" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  50. ^ "Super League Champions Roll of Honour". Super League Official website. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
  51. ^ Borthwick, Ian (25 March 1996). "Three lying in wait". Evening Standard. London. p. 65.
  52. ^ "Premiership Trophy 1996". rugbyleagueproject.org. Shawn Dollin, Andrew Ferguson and Bill Bates. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  53. ^ Fletcher, Raymond; Howes, David (27 March 1997). Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1997. London: Headline. pp. 184–5. ISBN 978-0-7472-7764-4.
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