No. 107 Squadron RAF was a Royal Flying Corps bomber unit formed during the First World War. It was reformed in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and was operational during the Cold War on Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles.
| No. 107 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
| Active | 8 Oct 1917 – 30 Jun 1919 6 Aug 1936 – 4 Oct 1948 22 Jul 1959 – 10 Jul 1963 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Nickname(s) | Lowestoft's 'own' Squadron[1] |
| Motto(s) | French: Nous y serons ("We shall be there")[1] |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Basil Embry Ivor Broom |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | A double-headed eagle displayed gorged with a collar of Fleur de Lys.[1][2] The double-headed eagle is one of the supporters from the armorial bearings of Salisbury, in which district the squadron was formed. The collar of fleur-de-lys was introduced in reference to service in France in the First World War during a period when the unit was attached to the French Army. The motto is said to have been derived from the squadron magazine produced in the First World War and entitled The Objective ('107' Squadron Always Gets There).[1][3] |
| Squadron Codes | 107 (Aug 1936 – Oct 1938) BZ (Oct 1938 – Sep 1939)[4][5] OM (Sep 1939 – Oct 1948)[6][7] |
History
editFormation and the First World War
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Though already formed at Catterick as a day bomber unit on 8 October 1917, No. 107 Squadron was not equipped with aircraft until 15 May 1918 at RFC Lake Down, north of Salisbury.[2][8] The squadron received Airco DH.9s, which it took to the Western Front on 3 June of that year. The squadron became at first part of the 13th wing of the 3rd brigade, working up to operational status. Thereafter it was transferred to the 51st wing of the 9th brigade and it began operations from Drionville.[9] Its main targets were enemy airfields, base areas and communication lines, which it continued to attack until the Armistice.[2] The squadron's most successful raid was made on Saponay on 21 July 1918, where a large ammunition dump was hit. From the squadron's airfield, 20 miles away at Chailly, the reflection of the explosions and fire could be seen going on all the evening and throughout the night.[10] Another notable raid was that made on the Aulnoye railway station and junction on 1 October 1918.[1][11] Returning to Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in March 1919, it disbanded there on 30 June of that same year.[1][2][12]
Reformation and the Second World War
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No. 107 Squadron was reformed at RAF Andover on 10 August 1936 as a light bomber squadron, equipped with Hawker Hinds.[13] These were replaced by Blenheim Mk.Is from August 1938 which gave way in their turn to Blenheim Mk.IVs in May 1939. It was with five of this aircraft that No. 107 took part in the RAF's first bombing raid of the war against enemy ships in the German port of Wilhelmshaven on 4 September 1939, the day after war was declared on Germany, along with No. 110 Squadron. The raid was not a success: of the five aircraft despatched only one returned – and with its bomb load still intact as it had not been able to locate the enemy.[14] One of shoot down Blenheims (N6189), flown by F/O Herbert Lightoller, crashed into cruiser Emden, causing slight damage, killing 11 crewmen and injuring around 30.[14] These were among the first casualties of the German fleet during the war.[14] The first British prisoner of war in World War II was Sergeant George Booth, a navigator with 107 Squadron. He was captured when his Bristol Blenheim was shot down over the German coast on that 4 September 1939.[15] In April 1940 the squadron carried out attacks on German forces engaged in the invasion of Norway and after the invasion of France and the Low Countries in May 1940 began attacking enemy columns and communications.[2] Following the Dunkirk evacuation the squadron became engaged with attacking invasion barges and shipping concentrations in the Channel ports. In one of these attacks the new Commanding Officer, Wing Commander Basil Embry was shot down. He had taken over the squadron shortly after the disastrous first war mission in September 1939 and had taught the squadron the need for a tight formation for mutual defence which served the squadron time and again.[16] The adventurous story of his escape from captivity eventually reached book form.[17]
In Coastal Command
editBetween 3 March 1941 and May 1941, the squadron was on loan to RAF Coastal Command and stationed at RAF Leuchars. Its duties while in Coastal Command were various: shipping strikes, convoy duties, coastal patrols, submarine searches and attacks on enemy airfields and harbours. These were quite hazardous as the squadron lost two COs during these operations, Wing Commander Cameron in April and Wing Commander Birch on 4 May 1941.[18]
To Malta
editOn return to RAF Bomber Command the squadron took up its low-level daylight raids again until August of that year, when the aircraft of the unit and their pilots -the air detachment of the squadron- were sent to Malta. From there anti-shipping missions were carried out along the Axis' north-south convoy routes, around the Italian coast, Sicily, and along the North African coast. However, after the Italian and German air forces strengthened the air defence of Sicily in December, 1941, and began round-the-clock bombing of the Malta airfields, the air detachment was withdrawn and disbanded at Luqa on 12 January 1942.[2] Losses among the squadron had been so heavy – 90% of all original and replacement crews were killed in action during the Malta operations[19] – that at one time the squadron was commanded by a sergeant, I. G. Broom.[20] It was not the last time this man was in command of a RAF unit, he ended his career as Air Marshal Sir Ivor Broom.[21]
Bostons and Mosquitoes
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In the meantime the rest of the squadron, forming the ground echelon, had remained at RAF Great Massingham, Norfolk and on 5 January 1942, it received Douglas Boston bombers and new aircrews, and began converting them onto this aircraft.[22][23] The squadron began flying daylight operations again in March 1942.[24] The most famous operation the squadron flew using the Boston was Operation Oyster, the daylight raid against the Philips works in Eindhoven. The squadron continued to fly the Boston until February 1944, when they converted to the Mosquito Mk.VIs and switched to night intruder operations.[2] In November the squadron moved onto the continent, flying from Cambrai and later from Melsbroek. The squadron continued to fly in the night intruder role to the end of war, when it took up the duty of training in the light bomber role.[25] Remaining in Germany as part of the British Air Forces of Occupation (BAFO) after the war, it was disbanded on 4 October 1948 at Wahn by being renumbered to No. 11 Squadron RAF.[1][25] (Though some sources claim 15 September 1948.)[2][13]
On Thor missiles
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When the Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile were employed in the UK each operating missile squadron was originally meant to control three sites. 107 Squadron so started out in September 1958 by being the 'C' flight of the first RAF Thor missile unit, No. 77 Squadron RAF. The flight was stationed at RAF Tuddenham. By June 1959 the flights had reached squadron strength and in September 1959 it was decided that such sites should carry their own identities, 'C' flight of 77 Squadron was thus redesignated No. 107(SM) Squadron RAF, to be effective from 22 July 1959, making No. 107 Squadron one of the twenty RAF squadrons that reached operational status using the Thor missile. However, this new incarnation of No. 107 Squadron did not last long. The upcoming ICBM missiles soon made the Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile obsolete, and in 1962 the Minister of Defence announced the phase-out of the Thor missiles.[26] The squadron therefore disbanded once again, at Tuddenham on 10 July 1963.[2][13]
Aircraft operated
edit| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 1918 | Jun 1919 | Airco DH.9 | |
| Sep 1936 | Sep 1938 | Hawker Hind | Mk.I |
| Aug 1938 | May 1939 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.I |
| May 1939 | Jan 1942 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.IV |
| Jan 1942 | Feb 1944 | Douglas Boston | Mks.III, IIIa |
| Feb 1944 | Sep 1948 | De Havilland Mosquito | Mk.VIb |
| Jul 1959 | Jul 1963 | Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile | SM.75 |
Commanding officers
edit| From | To | Name |
|---|---|---|
| May 1918 | September 1918 | Major J. R. Howett |
| September 1918 | June 1919 | Major H. Gordon Dean |
| 25 September 1936 | 24 October 1937 | F/Lt. Ernest Alton Healy |
| October 1937 | June 1939 | S/Ldr. V. Q. Blackden |
| June 1939 | August 1939 | S/Ldr. Bear |
| August 1939 | September 1939 | W/Cdr. E. F. Haylock |
| September 1939 | May 1940 | W/Cdr. B. E. Embry |
| May 1940 | September 1940 | W/Cdr. L. R. Stokes |
| September 1940 | January 1941 | W/Cdr. J. W. Duggan |
| January 1941 | April 1941 | W/Cdr. W. E. Cameron |
| April 1941 | May 1941 | W/Cdr. Birch |
| May 1941 | July 1941 | W/Cdr. L. V. E. Petley |
| July 1941 | July 1941 | W/Cdr. Booth |
| July 1941 | October 1941 | W/Cdr. Harte |
| October 1941 | December 1941 | Sgt. I. G. Broom (acting) |
| December 1941 | January 1942 | W/Cdr. Dunlevie |
| January 1942 | September 1942 | W/Cdr. L. H. Lynn |
| September 1942 | December 1942 | W/Cdr. P. H. Dutton |
| December 1942 | February 1943 | W/Cdr. A. C. P. Carver |
| February 1943 | April 1943 | W/Cdr. I. J. Spencer |
| April 1943 | October 1943 | W/Cdr. R. G. England |
| November 1943 | July 1944 | W/Cdr. M. E. Pollard |
| July 1944 | April 1945 | W/Cdr. W. J. Scott |
| April 1945 | July 1946 | W/Cdr. W. C. Maher |
| August 1946 | December 1946 | W/Cdr. D. P. Hanafin |
| December 1946 | June 1947 | W/Cdr. B. Kemp |
| June 1947 | October 1948 | W/Cdr. Banning Lover |
| July 1959 | January 1961 | S/Ldr. R. P. Flood |
| January 1961 | July 1963 | S/Ldr. H. G. Norton |
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Moyes 1976, p. 150.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Halley 1988, p. 181.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 13.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 13.
- ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 49.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 80.
- ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 96.
- ^ Historic England. "Lake Down Airfield (19191)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 1.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 3.
- ^ "No. 107 Squadron Bomber Command". Royal Air Force. 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d Jefford 2001, p. 58.
- ^ a b c Borisenko, Igor (October 2012). "Kryeser «Emden». Pyervaya zhertva Korolevskih VVS" [Cruiser Emden. First vistim of the RAF]. Arsenal-Kollektsya (in Russian). Vol. 4/2012 (4). Moscow. pp. 47–49.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 22.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 26.
- ^ Richardson 1973, pp. 1–256.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 31.
- ^ Gillman 1976, p. v..
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 37.
- ^ Barrass, M. B. (2015). "Air Marshal Sir Ivor Broom". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Barrass, M. B. (2015). "No. 106–110 Squadron Histories". Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 39.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 40.
- ^ a b Northway 1963, p. 72.
- ^ Northway 1963, pp. 77–81, 89.
- ^ Northway 1963, p. 97.
- ^ Moyes 1976, p. 151.
- ^ Northway 1963, pp. 95–96.
Bibliography
edit- Bowyer, Michael J. F.; Rawlings, John D. R. (1979). Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
- Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
- Gillman, Sgt. R. E., DFC, DFM (1976). The Shiphunters. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-3299-X.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge: Air Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
- Jefford, C.G. (2001) [1988]. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Moyes, Philip J. R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
- Northway, B. S., ed. (1963). A History of 107 Squadron. Tuddenham: No. 107 Squadron RAF. OCLC 473773098.
- Richardson, Anthony (1973) [1950]. Wingless Victory: The Story of Sir Basil Embry's Escape from Occupied France in the Summer of 1940 (2nd repr. ed.). Aylesbury: Shire. ISBN 0-7057-0008-9.
External links
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