London

London
London
Capital city
	River Thames om Tower Bridge miampai The Shard (gibang), Tower of London om City of London (wanan) London Eye Nelson's Column St Paul's Piccadilly Circus Canary Wharf Palace of Westminster miampai Big Ben (wanan)
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	Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	London (Greater London)
Ceremonial counties	Greater London (ceremonial county); City of London
Local government districts	32 London boroughs; and the City of London
Settled by Romans	AD 47; 1977 years ago ; as Londinium
Government
• Type	Executive mayoralty and Deliberative assembly
• Body	Greater London Authority; • Mayor Sadiq Khan (L); • London Assembly
• London Assembly	14 constituencies
• UK Parliament	73 constituencies
Area
• Total	606.96 sq mi (1,572.03 km2)
• Urban	671.0 sq mi (1,737.9 km2)
• Metro	3,236 sq mi (8,382 km2)
• City of London	1.12 sq mi (2.89 km2)
• 32 London boroughs (total)	605.85 sq mi (1,569.14 km2)
Elevation	36 ft (11 m)
Population (2021 except where stated)
• Total	8,799,800
• Density	14,500/sq mi (5,598/km2)
• Urban (2011)	9,787,426
• Metro (2023)	14,800,000 (London metropolitan area)
• City of London	8,600
Demonyms	Londoner
GVA (2021)
• Total	£487 billion
• Per capita	£55,412
Time zone	UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas	22 areas Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode,Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode, Templat:Postcode ;
Budget	£19.376 billion ; ($Templat:To USD billion)
International airports	Inside London:; Heathrow (LHR); City (LCY); Outside London:; Gatwick (LGW); Stansted (STN); Luton (LTN); Southend (SEN)
Rapid transit system	London Underground
Police	Metropolitan (county of Greater London) ; City of London (City of London square mile)
Ambulance	London
Fire	London
GeoTLD	.london
Website	www.london.gov.uk

London nopo nga ibu kota do England om nogi United Kingdom, om koiyonon nogi metropolitan di taagayo id UK. Poingiliu iti pointoning do Baang Thames om nosiliu do koiyonon gulu solinaid do lobi duo noribu toun, miampai sajara ii nokoimpuun mantad do kapanaadaan karajaan Rom ii linohou do Londinium.^[9]Teras purba London nopo nga, ii Bandaraya London, nga papakakal do sempadan zaman Pintangaan i soginayo do sonwatu persegi. Mantad po di abad kumo-19, ngaran London nogi nga kikomoyon do kota raya ii tinoodo id sorili do teras dii^[10] Boogian tagayo nopo bandar piniomungan diti nga minombontuk do koiyonon London^[11] om koiyonon pontadbiran London Raya^[12] i toinaon do Datuk Bandar London om Dewan Undangan London.^[13]

London nopo nga iso bandaraya global ii peneraju om abantung id gana inus, dudumagang, pondidikan, kohiakan, fesyen, kousinan, kolidasan, media, khidmat profesional, ponoriukan om pombangunan, totombuluyon om nogi sasakayon. Ii nopo nga iso do longkod kousinan tagayo id pomogunan om kiwaa do KDNK bandaraya kolimo takawas sompomogunan (ii tagayo nopo kopio nga id Eropah). Nokoumbal no kikouyu-yuo o London sabaagi do ibu kota koubasanan sompomogunan. Otombului o tutumombului somopomogunan i koiyonon dii, miampai do London Heathrow nopo nga sabaagi iso lapangan kapal tulud ii atangkangau kopio do sompomogunan. Miampai soginumu 43 universiti, nosiliu o London sabaagi do tarad montok institusi pondidikan takawas di tagayo id Eropah. Ontok toun 2012, nosiliu o London sabaagi bandaraya koiso do tuan walai montok Sukan Olimpik Timpu Talasu moden soginumu do intolu.

Noiyanan nogi o London miampai mogiigiyon id mogikaakawo do kaum, koubasanan om nogi ugama, miampai boros di lobi do 300. Ontok Madas 2010, soginumu 7,825,200 o mogiigiyon rasmi id London nopo nga koiyonon perbandaran di togumu mogiigiyon id Piisaan Eropah, om 12.5% nopo nga mogiigiyon mantad posorili United Kingdom. Koiyonon Metropolitan London nopo nga ii taagayo id EU miampai ginumu mogiigiyon do 12 juta gisom do 14 juta. Ontok do 1831 gisom 1925, kimogiigiyon do togumu kopio id pialatan do toinsanan bandar o London.

Sajara

Toponimi

Tadon ngaran London nopo nga au oilaan. Ngaran dii nopo nga iso ngaran kuno om oihum id suang towud mantad do gulu abad kumo-2. Nosuat ii, kiikiro toun 121 sabaagi do Londonium ii noonuan di ponguasa Rom. Kotolinahasan nopo nga noumbalan kokomoi diti nga baino nopo nga au nohiabo tu notumbayaan do pinosuul iti di Geoffrey mantad Monmouth id suang Historia Regum Britanniae, miampai do ngaran London nopo nga mantad do songulun Raja Lud ii minanakluk kaka diti kota om pinungaranan do Kaerlud.

Geografi

Skop

London Raya nopo nga subbogian do kotoinaan taang takawas ii kahanggum do London. Di pogulu nopo nga, toinsanan tiyonon nopo nga id Bandaraya London kuno ii tokoro, ii nopo baino nga teras do London. Nga, sabab do pombangunan koiyonon bandar, Koinanon Bandaraya nopo nga minongilag do pogumbalan popiamung koiyonon-koiyonon id dompok dau. Daadi, koiyonon ii kopiipio id "London" nopo nga misuai tumanud konteks. 40 piatus London Raya nopo nga kiharo do watas pos London, miampai toinsanan alamat pos nopo nga poinsuat do "LONDON".

Kod koiyonon tolipaun do London (020) nopo nga lobi laab sorili dau, lobi kurang do soginayo London Raya, nga au poinsuang piipiro watas dompok om kiwaa nogi watas labus do sompadan dau. Koiyonon nopo id suang sorili lebuh raya pokoliling M25 nogi nga asaru andasan sabaagi do 'London' ii kopiipio, loolobi no do sompadan Londan Raya miagal nogi do lebuh raya id piipiro koiyonon.

Status

Topografi

Demografi

Miampai koburuon do industri, ginumu mogiigiyon id London nogi nga minonigoo do nokoingkawas ontok abad kumo-19 om kumo-20, gisom do dohuri abad kumo-19 om gulu abad kumo-21, London nopo nga bandaraya togumu mogiigiyon id pomogunan mantad do New York ontok toun 1925. Ginumu mogiigiyon nopo nga gisom do 8,615,245 tulun ontok do 1939, pogulu nokoimpuun do Perang Pomogunan Kumoduo. Kiikiro do 7,556,900 tulun mogiigiyon rasmi id London maamaso do pintangaan toun 2007.

Sukuon

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. Linoyog ontok 15 October 2022.
↑ Number 1 Poultry (ONE 94), Museum of London Archaeology, 2013. Archaeology Data Service, The University of York.
↑ "London weather map". The Met Office. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 August 2018. Linoyog ontok 26 August 2018.
↑ "2011 Census – Built-up areas". ONS. Linoyog ontok 15 October 2022.
↑ "Major agglomerations of the world". CityPopulation.de. Linoyog ontok 20 April 2023.
↑ Fenton, Trevor. "Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021". ons.gov.uk.
↑ "The Greater London Authority Consolidated Budget and Component Budgets for 2021–22" (PDF). London.gov.uk. Linoyog ontok 24 November 2023.
↑ Sub-national HDI. "Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
↑ "Roman". The Museum of London. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2008-06-22. Linoyog ontok 7 Jun 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
↑ Mills 2001, p. 140
↑ "Government Offices for the English Regions, Fact Files: London". Office for National Statistics. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2008-01-24. Linoyog ontok 4 Mei 2008.
↑ Elcock, Howard (1994). Local Government: Policy and Management in Local Authorities. Routledge. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-415-10167-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
↑ Jones, Bill (2007). Politics UK. Pearson Education. p. 868. ISBN 978-1-4058-2411-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "upper-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="upper-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

[Census2021june2022-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. Linoyog ontok 15 October 2022.

[auto1-2] Number 1 Poultry (ONE 94), Museum of London Archaeology, 2013. Archaeology Data Service, The University of York.

[Elevation-4] "London weather map". The Met Office. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 3 August 2018. Linoyog ontok 26 August 2018.

[5] "2011 Census – Built-up areas". ONS. Linoyog ontok 15 October 2022.

[CityPopulation.de_show-6] "Major agglomerations of the world". CityPopulation.de. Linoyog ontok 20 April 2023.

[7] Fenton, Trevor. "Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021". ons.gov.uk.

[8] "The Greater London Authority Consolidated Budget and Component Budgets for 2021–22" (PDF). London.gov.uk. Linoyog ontok 24 November 2023.

[9] Sub-national HDI. "Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.

[london_001-10] "Roman". The Museum of London. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2008-06-22. Linoyog ontok 7 Jun 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[mills_140-11] Mills 2001, p. 140

[region-12] "Government Offices for the English Regions, Fact Files: London". Office for National Statistics. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 2008-01-24. Linoyog ontok 4 Mei 2008.

[elcock-13] Elcock, Howard (1994). Local Government: Policy and Management in Local Authorities. Routledge. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-415-10167-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

[politics_uk-14] Jones, Bill (2007). Politics UK. Pearson Education. p. 868. ISBN 978-1-4058-2411-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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