Indonesia
Republik Indonesia Republik Indonesia (Indonesian) | |
---|---|
Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese) "Unity in Diversity" | |
Anthem: Indonesia Raya "Indonesia the Great" | |
National ideology: Pancasila (lit. 'Five principles') | |
Capital om kakadayan bobos agayo | Jakarta 6°10′S 106°49′E / 6.167°S 106.817°E |
Boros rasmi | Indonesian |
Recognised regional languages | Over 700 languages[1] |
Tinimungan etnik | Over 1,300 ethnic groups[2] |
Ugama (2023) |
|
Demonim | Indonesian |
Government | Unitary presidential republic |
• Presiden | Joko Widodo |
Ma'ruf Amin | |
Puan Maharani | |
Muhammad Syarifuddin | |
Kotinanan perundangan | People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) |
Regional Representative Council (DPD) | |
People's Representative Council (DPR) | |
Independence from the Netherlands | |
17 August 1945 | |
27 December 1949 | |
Area | |
• Total | 1,913,580[4] km2 (738,840 sq mi) (14th) |
4.85 | |
Population | |
• 2023 civil registration estimate | 280,725,438[5] (4th) |
• 2020 census | 270,203,917[6] |
• Density | 143/km2 (370.4/sq mi) (90th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $4.721 trillion[7] (7th) |
• Per kapita | $16,861[7] (96th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Ginumu | $1.476 trillion[7] (16th) |
• Per kapita | $5,271[7] (114th) |
Gini (2024) | 37.9[8] medium |
HDI (2022) | 0.713[9] high · 112th |
Mato tusin | Indonesian rupiah (Rp) (IDR) |
Zon timpu | UTC+7 to +9 (various) |
Date format | DD/MM/YYYY |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +62 |
Kod ISO 3166 | ID |
Internet TLD | .id |
Republik Indonesia, otutunan nogi sabaagi do Pogun Koisaan Republik Indonesia toi ko' Indonesia nopo nga iso pogun kopulauan tagayo id pomogunan, i poingiliu id tana tagayo do Asia Tenggara om Australia om id pialatan do Lautan Hindi om Lautan Pasifik. Indonesia nogi nga miwolit do Malaysia id Pulau Borneo, Papua New Guinea id Pulau Papua om Timor Leste id Pulau Timor. Pogun sombol nopo nga kaampai no Singapura, Filipina, Australia, wilayah India Kopulaun Andaman om Nicobar om Palau. Ibu negara om longkod pontadbiran Indonesia nopo nga id Jakarta.
Miampai soginumu 17,504 pulau, Indonesia nopo nga pogun kopulauan bobos tagayo id pomogunan. Miampai lobi kuang 279 riong mogigion di toun 2003, pogun diti nopo nga pogun kaapat di bobos togumu mogigiom om pogun miampai mogigion kiugama Silam i bobos tagayo id pomogunan. Pogun diti nopo nga pogun demokrasi kotolu bobos tagayo id pomogunan, kuasa serantau om roitan sabaagi kuasa pintangaan id suang do hal ehwal sompomogunan. Ekonomi Indonesia nopo nga ko-16 bobos tagayo id pomogunan tumanud do KDNK nominal om ko-7 bobos tagayo id PPP. Indonesia nopo nga republik, miampai parlimen om presiden i pilion miampai pointilombus.
Etimologi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Ngaran Indonesia nopo nga naanu mantad boros Yunani Purba, Indos (Ἰνδός) om nesos (νῆσος), i kirati do "Kopulauan India".[10] Tadon do ngaran diti nopo nga mantad abad ko-19, alaid po sobolum kinagabasan do Indonesia.[11] Antakan di toun 1850, George Windsor Earl, songulun surupu etnologi Inggiris, pinoposogu do istilah Indunesia nga lobi orohian isio kumaa Malayunesians i sumuku kumaa mogigion id "Kopulauan India toi ko' Kopulauan Melayu".[12] Id suang do torbitan di miagal, songulun mokiikinobos disio, i James Richardson Logan, minomoguno do Indonesia sabaagi sinonim montok Kopulauan India.[13][14] Hali pia miagal di, lungkitas Belanda i minonuat montok ponorbitan do Hindia Timur nopo nga mangada montok momoguno do Indonesia; orohian nogi yolo do momoguno ngaran Kopulauan Melayu (otutunan sabaagi Maleische Archipel id suang do boros Belanda).[15] Kalapas toun 1900, ngaran Indonesia nopo nga nokosiliu lobi umum montok tongolungkitas id labus do Belanda, om piipiro lungkitas id suang pogun montok ekspresi politik.[15]
Sajara
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Id siriba do rahung ugama Hindu om Buddha, piipiro karajaan i nobontuk id pulou Sumatera om Jawa nokoumbal do nokodimpot kinalantayon miampai wilayah i pointongkop do pogun Malaysia om pulaou Mindanao maamaso timpu Majapahit mantad po di abad ko-7 gisom abad ko-14. Kinorikatan do dudumagang Arab mantad Gujarat, India minongigit do ugama Islam i nokosiliu sabaagi do ugama di bobos tagayo.
Maamaso nokorikot o tulun Eropah di kotimpuunon abad ko-16, nokobontol yolo do piipiro pogun tokoro. Pogun-pogun tokoro diti nopo nga ouhan montok onuon montok diolo i manu monguasai do pamadangan rempah. Maamaso abad ko-17, nokoimbulai o Belanda sabaagi do kuasa di bobos agaras id pialatan do pogun-pogun Eropah, minangala do British om Portugis (suai ko' montok tana sinangod diolo id Timor Kosilahon). Minonguasa o Belanda do Indonesia sabaagi tana jajahan diolo gisom do Pisangadan POgun II, id kotimpuunon nopo nga maya do Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC), om potilombus nopo nga najajah miampai potilombus do Belanda mantad po di kotimpuunon abad ko-19.
Maamaso Pisangadan Pogun II, najajah o Belanda do Jerman, om nokuasa do Jepun o Indonesia. Kalapas minaganu do Indonesia di toun 1942, nokoilo o Jepun do tulun-tulun susumangod do Indonesia nopo nga tambalut pamadangan i manu miuhup om pointounda montok manahak do susumangod soira pokionuon. Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, KH Mas Mansur, om Ki Hajar Dewantara nopo nga nonuan do pamagatangan mantad do Maharaja Jepun di toun 1943.
Maamaso di Gomot 1945, minombontuk o Jepun do iso jawatan kuasa montok kagabasan Indonesia; id siriba do panatalan kotinanan-kotinanan komulakan, tinimungan Pimpinan Soekarno nopo nga minongisytihar do kagabasan Indonesia kalapas notingkod o pisangadan Pasifik di toun 1945. Nosiliu i Soekarno do Presiden kumoiso Indonesia miampai i Mohammad Hatta sabaagi do monguunguhup presiden. Id suang do goos montok maganu kawagu do Indonesia, pinolintuhun do Belanda o angkatan tantara diolo. Goos-goos kiraha montok manalob kagabasan diti notutunan sabaagi 'tindakan polis' (Actie Politioneel). Id siriba do panatalan pisangadan tulun ginumuan om tantara Indonesia, ginayat kawagu do Belanda o tantara dau di 27 Momuhau 1949.
Di toun 1950-an om 1960-an, tinumanud i Presiden Soekarno do koguraan poinsuai-suai id kotimpuunon i om potilombus nopo nga miampai do blok sosialis, poomitanan nopo nga miagal do Republik Rakyat China om Yugoslavia. Toun 1960-an nopo nga minogintong do konfrontasi tantara kumaa Malaysia, pogun sombol i anggapon sabaagu pogun binontuk do Britain.
Jeneral Soeharto nokosiliu sabaagi presiden di toun 1967 miampai boros montok popotoronong do pogun mantad komunis kumaa Soekarno, i mumang no luhoi. Kalapas nakaanu i Soeharto do kuasa, boribu-ribu tulun Indonesia i nanadasan do tutumanud komunis nopo nga pinatai. Timpu pomorintahan di Soeharto solinaid do 32 toun nopo nga pinungaranan sabaagi Ponuhuan Wagu, piniadang do timpu pomorintahan di Soekarno i roiton sabaagi Ponuhuan Laid.
Nakalantoi i Soeharto do minanganu pelaburan labus pogun di agayo montok Indonesia, om pinapaasil do koinggoyoon ekonomi di osikap, hali pia au osulimbang, id Indonesia. Id kotimpuunon do regim Ponuhuan Wagu, strategi ekonomi pogun nopo nga winonsoi do sontinimungan surupu ekonomi i nakalantoi mantad Fakulti Ekonomi Universiti California, Berkeley, rinoitan sabaagi "Kelompok Berkeley". Hali pia miagal di, minomoruhang i Soeharto do kohoro-horoon tinan dau sondii miampai paganakan maya do rasuah di ogumu kopio om id kolimpupuson, sinansagan isio do mongidu mantad jawatan dau kalapas nokoimbulai o panaapan tagayo om kowoowoyoon ekonomi pogun di nokorutum kopio di toun 1998.
Mantad 1998 gisom 2010, kiwaa apat presiden id Indonesia: Baharuddin Jusuf Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Soekarnoputri om Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Di toun 2014, nokosiliu i Joko Widodo sabaagi presiden Indonesia i bobos poinwagu.
Geografi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Pogun Indonesia nopo nga poinladsong id pialatan do:
- Latitud 6º U – 11º S om Longitud 95º T - 141º T
- Rahat Pasifik miampai Rahat Hindi
- Bonua Asia miampai do Australia
Indonesia nopo nga haro 18,018 pulau i poinsasad id sokitar garis khatulistiwa om kiiklim tropika. Lobi kuang 7,000 pulau haro mogigion. Limo pulau di bobos tagayo nopo nga Pulau Jawa, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, om Papua, miampai Pulau Jawa nopo nga sampapas mantad ginumu do mogigion Indonesia, sabaagi do pulau di bobos ososok.
Indonesia nopo nga poinladsong id sawat plat tektonik. Iti nopo nga kirati do Indonesia nopo nga insaru do kawaya gumogor pogun om nogi tsunami. Kinoyonon diti papasabap do Indonesia nopo nga haro lobi kuang 66 nulu kitapui, kohompit no Nulu Krakatau, iso nulu kitapui i bobos otutunan id pialatan do Sumatera om Jawa, nga noidu no di antakan timpu diti.
Flora om fauna id Indonesia nopo nga poinsuai-suai kopio id pialatan do Kalimantan, Bali om pulau-pulau kotonobon id iso boogian miampai Sulawesi, Lombok om pulau-pulau id lobi ponong kosilahon id boogian do suai. Pialatan ekologi nopo nga roiton do Garis Wallace, naanu mantad ngaran tulun di nokobontol. Garis diti nopo nga insaru gunoon sabaagi piolitan do Asia om Australasia. Mantad dii, otutunan o Indonesia sabaagi pogun dwibenua.
Pomboogian Pontadbiran
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Provinsi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Templat:Peta Indonesia Indonesia nopo nga pogun di bobos tagayo id Asia Kabaatan Kosilahon. Montok popouhan do pontadbiran, binaagi o pogun diti kumaa 38 provinsi (iso Watas Poinsuai-suai (DI), i komoyon do Watas Poinsuai-suai Yogyakarta, limo watas miampai autonomi poimbida i otutunan sabaagi Papua, Papua Kotonobon, Papua Konuluhan, Papua Kabaatan om Papua Tanga om iso watas autonomi poimbida om poinsuai-suai i otutunan sabaagi Aceh om iso Watas Poimbida Kakadayan Tagayo (DKI), i otutunan sabaagi Watas POimbida Kakadayan Tagayo Jakarta Raya. Sobolum timpu Reformasi, kiwaa 27 no provinsi id Indonesia, miampai do Timor Leste nopo nga provinsi ko-27 di Madas 1976. Sundung po tu' miagal dii, sinumusuai o Timor Leste maya do ponimungan suara sumiliu pogun Timor Leste di 20 Mikat 2002.
Popoindalan o Indonesia do autonomi montok monikid pogun miampai tudu montok manahak liwang pongingkakatan i mogiagal id pointongkop pogun. Suai ko' autonomi, popoindalan nogi o pomorinta Indonesia timpu baino do prinsip ponikidan kuasa longkod montok pogun-pogun dau.
Id siriba nopo nga sanarai pogun id Indonesia :
Kakadayan Tagayo
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Hopod kakadayan bobos tagayo id Indonesia tumanud do nuludan nopo nga miagal id siriba:
- Jakarta: ibu negara Indonesia, longkod pomorintahan, om longkod pamadagangan
- Surabaya: ibu kota Jawa Kosilahon, om kakadayan tuundorongon kapal rahat koduo bobos tagayo
- Medan: ibu kota Sumatera Koibutan, om longkod pamadagangan id Sumatera
- Bandung: ibu kota Jawa Kotonobon, om longkod pondidikan teknologi Indonesia
- Palembang: ibu kota Sumatera Kabaatan sabaagi longkod pomorintaan karajaan Srivijaya di timpu nakatalib
- Lampung: ibu kota Lampung i wayaan tapangkal do pulau sumatera
- Makassar (di pogulu nopo nga Ujung Pandang): ibu kota Sulawesi Kabaatan, om kakadayan bobos tagayo id Pulau Sulawesi
- Balikpapan: kota id Kalimantan Kosilahon, miampai Longkod Ekonomi om Pomorintahan Kalimantan
- Semarang: ibu kota Jawa Tanga
- Yogyakarta: ibu kota Watas Poinsuai-suai Yogyakarta, om longkod koubasanan Indonesia
- Denpasar: ibu kota Bali, o ririkoton tutumombului montok kotombuluyan disan rahat id Indonesia.
Nuut
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- ↑ According 2023 data.
Sukuon
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaethnologue
- ↑ Na'im, Akhsan; Syaputra, Hendry (2010). "Nationality, Ethnicity, Religion, and Languages of Indonesians" (PDF) (id boros Indonesia). Statistics Indonesia. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 23 Manom 2015. Linoyog ontok 23 Manom 2015.
- ↑ "Religion in Indonesia". Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 21 Mahas 2024. Linoyog ontok 21 Mahas 2024.
- ↑ "UN Statistics" (PDF). United Nations. 2005. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 31 Gumas 2007. Linoyog ontok 31 Gumas 2007.
- ↑ "Indonesia's full-year population in 2023", Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia) (id boros Indonesia), pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 23 Mahas 2024, linoyog ontok 23 Mahas 2024
- ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama2020census
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Indonesia)". International Monetary Fund. 16 Ngiop 2024. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 Mikat 2024. Linoyog ontok 16 Ngiop 2024.
- ↑ "Gini ratio Maret 2024 tercatat sebesar 0,379". bps.go.id. Linoyog ontok 15 Madas 2024.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (id boros Inggilis). United Nations Development Programme. 13 Gomot 2024. p. 289. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 13 Gomot 2024. Linoyog ontok 13 Gomot 2024.
- ↑ Tomascik, Tomas; Mah, Anmarie Janice; Nontji, Anugerah; Moosa, Mohammad Kasim (1996). The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Part One. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions. ISBN 978-962-593-078-7.
- ↑ Anshory, Irfan (16 Magus 2004). "The origin of Indonesia's name" (id boros Indonesia). Pikiran Rakyat. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Momuhau 2006. Linoyog ontok 15 Momuhau 2006.
- ↑ Earl 1850, p. 119.
- ↑ Logan, James Richardson (1850). "The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago: Embracing Enquiries into the Continental Relations of the Indo-Pacific Islanders". Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. 4: 252–347.
- ↑ Earl 1850, pp. 254, 277–278.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Ralat maganu:Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaKroef
Umum
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