Android中蓝牙的基本使用----BluetoothAdapter类简介资源-CSDN下载

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在Android系统中，蓝牙功能是通过蓝牙适配器(BluetoothAdapter)类来实现的，它提供了与设备上的蓝牙硬件交互的接口。本文将详细介绍BluetoothAdapter类及其在Android中蓝牙基本使用的方法。理解BluetoothAdapter类的角色至关重要。它是Android Bluetooth API的核心组件，允许应用程序进行蓝牙扫描、连接、数据传输等操作。开发者可以通过`getSystemService()`方法获取到系统服务中的BluetoothAdapter实例，代码如下： ```java BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); ``` 如果设备不支持蓝牙或服务未初始化，`getDefaultAdapter()`会返回null。因此，在使用蓝牙功能前，需要检查蓝牙适配器是否存在： ```java if (bluetoothAdapter != null) { // 蓝牙可用 } else { // 蓝牙不可用 } ``` 接下来，开启和关闭蓝牙服务可以通过`enable()`和`disable()`方法： ```java // 开启蓝牙 if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { bluetoothAdapter.enable(); } // 关闭蓝牙 if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { bluetoothAdapter.disable(); } ``` 蓝牙设备的扫描是通过`startDiscovery()`方法实现的，但注意此操作需要用户权限（`Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN`和`Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH`）。扫描结果可通过`BroadcastReceiver`监听`ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED`和`ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED`广播，以及设备发现的`ACTION_FOUND`广播： ```java IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED); filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); Log.d("TAG", "发现设备: " + device.getName()); } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) { Log.d("TAG", "扫描开始"); } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { Log.d("TAG", "扫描结束"); } } }; registerReceiver(receiver, filter); ``` 一旦找到目标设备，可以使用`createBond()`方法建立配对关系： ```java BluetoothDevice device = ...; // 获取到目标设备 device.createBond(); ``` 连接到已配对的蓝牙设备，可以创建一个`BluetoothSocket`，通常用于进行RFCOMM（串行端口协议）连接。以下代码展示了如何创建并连接到一个已知服务UUID的设备： ```java BluetoothDevice device = ...; // 已配对设备 BluetoothSocket socket = null; try { ParcelUuid[] uuids = device.getUuids(); for (ParcelUuid parcelUuid : uuids) { if (parcelUuid.equals(MY_UUID_IN_HEX)) { // 使用预定义的服务UUID Method createRfcommSocket = device.getClass().getMethod("createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord", UUID.class); socket = (BluetoothSocket) createRfcommSocket.invoke(device, MY_UUID_IN_HEX); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (socket != null) { try { socket.connect(); // 连接设备 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ``` 数据的读写通常在`BluetoothSocket`的输入流和输出流上进行。例如，使用`InputStream`读取数据，`OutputStream`写入数据： ```java InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytes; while (true) { try { bytes = inputStream.read(buffer); // 读取数据 if (bytes > 0) { String readMessage = new String(buffer, 0, bytes); // 处理读取到的数据 } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 写入数据 outputStream.write("Hello, Bluetooth!".getBytes()); ``` 当完成蓝牙通信后，记得关闭输入流、输出流和`BluetoothSocket`，并解除配对： ```java inputStream.close(); outputStream.close(); socket.close(); device.removeBond(); ``` 以上就是Android中使用BluetoothAdapter进行蓝牙基本操作的详解，包括开启/关闭蓝牙、扫描设备、配对、连接和数据传输。在实际应用中，还需要考虑到蓝牙操作的异步处理、权限请求、异常处理以及用户界面的更新等问题。通过这些基础，开发者可以构建出丰富的蓝牙应用场景，如文件传输、设备控制等。

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BluetoothMTest.rar （23个子文件）

BluetoothMTest

.project 850B

src

com

qin

MainActivity.java 11KB

AndroidManifest.xml 675B

res

drawable-ldpi

icon.png 2KB

drawable-hdpi

icon.png 4KB

drawable-mdpi

icon.png 3KB

layout

main.xml 1KB

values

strings.xml 176B

assets

gen

com

qin

R.java 1KB

default.properties 364B

.classpath 280B

bin

resources.ap_ 11KB

com

qin

R$layout.class 370B

R$drawable.class 376B

R$attr.class 316B

R$id.class 584B

MainActivity$2.class 2KB

R.class 475B

R$string.class 403B

MainActivity$1.class 2KB

MainActivity.class 8KB

classes.dex 11KB

BluetoothMTest.apk 18KB

package com.qin.bt; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static String TAG = "Bluetooth_State"; private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter; // 本机蓝牙适配器对象 private TextView btDesc; private Button btOpen; private Button btClose; private Button btOpenBySystem; // 调用系统API去打开蓝牙 private Button btDiscoveryDevice; private Button btCancelDiscovery; private Button btDiscoveryBySystem; //调用系统Api去扫描蓝牙设备 /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // 获得本机蓝牙适配器对象引用 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { toast("对不起，您的机器不具备蓝牙功能"); return; } IntentFilter bluetoothFilter = new IntentFilter(); bluetoothFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED); bluetoothFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED); this.registerReceiver(BluetoothReciever, bluetoothFilter); //蓝牙扫描相关设备 IntentFilter btDiscoveryFilter = new IntentFilter(); btDiscoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED); btDiscoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); btDiscoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); btDiscoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); this.registerReceiver(BTDiscoveryReceiver, btDiscoveryFilter); int initialBTState = mBluetoothAdapter.getState(); printBTState(initialBTState); // 初始时蓝牙状态 initialViews(); btDesc.setText(" Name : " + mBluetoothAdapter.getName() + " Address : " + mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress() + " Scan Mode --" + mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode()); //打印处当前已经绑定成功的蓝牙设备 Set<BluetoothDevice> bts = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); Iterator<BluetoothDevice> iterator = bts.iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()) { BluetoothDevice bd = iterator.next() ; Log.i(TAG , " Name : " + bd.getName() + " Address : "+ bd.getAddress() ); ; Log.i(TAG, "Device class" + bd.getBluetoothClass()); } BluetoothDevice findDevice = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice("00:11:22:33:AA:BB"); Log.i(TAG , "findDevice Name : " + findDevice.getName() + " findDevice Address : "+ findDevice.getAddress() ); ; Log.i(TAG , "findDevice class" + findDevice.getBluetoothClass()); } private void initialViews() { btDesc = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.btDesc); btOpen = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btOpen); btClose = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btClose); btOpenBySystem = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btOpenBySystem); btDiscoveryDevice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btDiscoveryDevice); btCancelDiscovery = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btCancelDiscovery); btDiscoveryBySystem = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btDiscoveryBySystem); btOpen.setOnClickListener(this); btClose.setOnClickListener(this); btOpenBySystem.setOnClickListener(this); btDiscoveryDevice.setOnClickListener(this); btCancelDiscovery.setOnClickListener(this); btDiscoveryBySystem.setOnClickListener(this); } //蓝牙开个状态以及扫描状态的广播接收器 private BroadcastReceiver BluetoothReciever = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### Bluetooth State has changed ##"); int btState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF); printBTState(btState); } else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED##"); int cur_mode_state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_SCAN_MODE, BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_NONE); int previous_mode_state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_SCAN_MODE, BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_NONE); Log.v(TAG, "### cur_mode_state ##" + cur_mode_state + " ~~ previous_mode_state" + previous_mode_state); } } }; //蓝牙扫描时的广播接收器 private BroadcastReceiver BTDiscoveryReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### BT ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED ##"); } else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### BT ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED ##"); } else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### BT BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND ##"); BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if(btDevice != null) Log.v(TAG , "Name : " + btDevice.getName() + " Address: " + btDevice.getAddress()); } else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Log.v(TAG, "### BT ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED ##"); int cur_bond_state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); int previous_bond_state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); Log.v(TAG, "### cur_bond_state ##" + cur_bond_state + " ~~ previous_bond_state" + previous_bond_state); } } }; private void printBTState(int btState) { switch (btState) { case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF: toast("蓝牙状态:已关闭"); Log.v(TAG, "BT State ： BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF ###"); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF: toast("蓝牙状态:正在关闭"); Log.v(TAG, "BT State : BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF ###"); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON: toast("蓝牙状态:正在打开"); Log.v(TAG, "BT State ：BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON ###"); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON: toast("蓝牙状态:已打开"); Log.v(TAG, "BT State ：BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON ###"); break; default: break; } } private final int R

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