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󰄄  ..................................................................................................................1

1.1 .......................................................................................................1

1.2 OSI ...........................................................................................................3

1.3 Internet ..............................................................................................4

1.4 /...............................................................................................5

1.4 UNIX  ...................................................................................................7

1.4.1 Unix  .................................................................................7

1.4.2 UNIX ..........................................................................................8

1.4.3 1979 – UNIX  .............................................................................10

1.4.4 UNIX ?............................................................................. 11

1.5 Linux 󰃻.................................................................................................. 11

1.5.1 Linux 󰃻..................................................................................12

1.5.2  GNU ......................................................................................12

1.5.3 Linux  ........................................................................................13

1.5.4 󰀸...............................................................................................14

1.5.5 Linux 󰁉 .................................................................................14

1.5.6 󰃕 Linux ............................................................................15

1.6 Linux  Unix 󰃻....................................................................................15

󰄄 UNIX/Linux ...............................................................................................17

2.1 UNIX/Linux .......................................................................................17

2.2 ......................................................................................................19

2.2.1 UNIX/Linux ......................................................................19

2.2.2 󰆺 I/O ......................................................................................20

2.3 ................................................................................................................21

󰄄 󰅦 ..........................................................................................................22

3.1 󰁱󰂯...........................................................................................22

3.1.1 ............................................................................................22

3.1.2 ............................................................................................22

3.1.3 󰂯............................................................................................24

3.1.4 .......................................................................29

3.2 󰅦󰇵...............................................................................................31

3.2.1 󰅵󰅙............................................................................................31

3.2.2 ............................................................................................32

3.2.3 󰅵󰅙..............................................................................33

3.2.4 󰅦.....................................................................................33

3.3 ......................................................................................................38

3.3.1 ............................................................................................38

3.3.2 󰇧.....................................................................................39

3.3.3 ................................................................................................40

3.3.4 .....................................................................................42

3.3.5 󰁖..................................................................................43

3.3.6 󰇈󰂘............................................................................................44

3.3.7 󰁋.........................................................................................45

3.4 .........................................................................................................46

3.4.1 .......................................................................................................46

3.4.2 ............................................................................................46

3.4.3 ..............................................................................46

3.4.4 .....................................................................................48

3.5 󰄄.........................................................................................................49

󰄄 .......................................................................................................50

4.1 .............................................................................50

4.2 信号................................................................................................................50

4.2.1 ............................................................................................52

4.2.2 󰁱󰁉...........................................................................54

4.2.3 ............................................................................................55

4.2.4 󰂾..................................................................................56

4.2.5 󰁉 alarm() pause()......................................................................58

4.2.6 󰁉 setjmp() longjmp().................................................................62

4.3 ................................................................................................................63

4.3.1 󰁉 C 󰁉..........................................................................65

4.3.2 󰆠󰀊.....................................................................................72

4.4 󰁖.........................................................................................................72

4.4.1 󰁖.....................................................................................72

4.4.2 󰁖 I/O 󰁉...............................................................................73

4.4.3 󰁠󰁖󰆠󰀊.........................................................75

4.5 ...............................................................................................75

4.5.1 ..................................................................................75

4.5.2 󰅰..................................................................................78

4.5.3 System V󰇇..............................................................................78

4.5.4 BSD 󰇇.................................................................................79

4.5.5 󰅶.......................................................................81

4.5.6 Linux ............................................................................81

4.6 System V IPC...................................................................................................84

4.6.1 ipcs ................................................................................................85

4.6.2 ipcrm ..............................................................................................86

4.7 Message Queues...........................................................................86

4.7.1 󰁖.....................................................................................86

4.7.2 󰁖............................................................................................89

4.7.3 msgtool󰁉..................94

4.8 (Semaphores) .........................................................................................97

4.8.1 󰁖.....................................................................................98

4.8.2 󰁖............................................................................................99

4.8.3 semtool󰁉...........................103

4.9 (Shared Memory)..............................................................................109

4.9.1 󰁖...................................................................................109

4.9.2 󰁖..........................................................................................110

4.9.3 󰀬󰁉shmtool,󰁉...................112

4.9.4 󰁱󰁉..............................................................114

󰄄 󰀑 .................................................................................................120

5.1 󰀥..............................................................................................................120

5.2 XNSXerox Network Systems..............................................................120

5.2.1 XNS ......................................................................................120

5.3 IPX/SPX 󰀑........................................................................................122

5.3.1 IPX .............................................................................122

5.3.2 SPX.............................................................................124

5.4 Net BIOS ................................................................................................124

5.5 Apple Talk  ..............................................................................................125

5.6 TCP/IP ...................................................................................................126

5.6.1 TCP/IP  ..................................................................................126

5.6.2 Internet 󰀑IP...............................................................................127

5.6.3 󰅦󰀑TCP.........................................................................132

5.6.4 󰁉󰀑................................................................................134

5.7 ..............................................................................................................135

󰄄 Berkeley 󰇔 ............................................................................................. 136

6.1 󰀥............................................................................................................. 136

6.2 ............................................................................................................. 136

6.2.1 Socket ...................................................................................... 136

6.2.2 Socket ...................................................................................... 136

6.2.3 󰇔󰅶............................................................................... 138

6.3 Linux 󰅇󰀑................................................................................... 141

6.3.1  TCP/IP?................................................................................... 141

6.4 󰇔󰅗................................................................................................... 142

6.4.1  Socket.................................................................................. 142

6.4.2 Socket ...................................................................................... 142

6.4.3 󰇔󰃙󰂾............................................ 143

6.5 󰇔󰅊................................................................................. 144

6.5.1 ............................................................................................. 144

6.5.2 󰆨...................................................................................... 145

6.6 󰇔󰁉............................................................................................ 147

6.6.1 socket() ....................................................................................... 147

6.6.2 bind()  ......................................................................................... 148

6.6.3 connect() ...................................................................................... 150

6.6.4 listen() ........................................................................................ 151

6.6.5 accept() ........................................................................................ 152

6.6.6 send()recv()............................................................................... 154

6.6.7 sendto()  recvfrom() ................................................................. 155

6.6.8 close() shutdown()...................................................................... 156

6.6.9 setsockopt()  getsockopt() ......................................................... 157

6.6.10 getpeername().............................................................................. 157

6.6.11 gethostname().............................................................................. 158

6.7 DNS 󰇵.................................................................................................. 158

6.7.1  DNS............................................................................................ 158

6.7.2  DNS 󰁖 .................................................................. 158

6.7.3 DNS ............................................................................................ 159

6.8 󰇔 Client/Server 󰇑.......................................................... 160

6.8.1 .................................................................................. 161

6.8.2 󰇔............................................................. 163

6.8.3 󰇔DatagramSockets............................................... 165

6.9 ...................................................................................................... 169

6.9.1 .................................................................................................... 169

6.9.2 ............................................................................................. 170

6.10 󰅶 I/O ................................................................................................. 179

6.10.1 󰇦 I/O  .................................................................................... 179

6.10.2 󰇦 I/O.................................................................................. 180

6.10.3 I/O 󰁉 ..................................................................................... 181

6.10.4  I/O  ............................................................................. 182

6.10.5 󰀔 I/O  .................................................................................... 185

6.10.6 󰅶 I/O .......................................................................... 186

6.10.7 fcntl()......................................................................................... 186

6.10.8 󰇔󰃕 select().................................................................. 187

6.11 ..................................................................................................... 190

6.11.1 TCP  ................................................................................ 190

6.11.2 OOB 󰇔 Server.c ................................... 193

6.11.3 OOB 󰇔 Client.c.................................... 196

6.11.4 󰀓󰇑........................................................................................... 199

6.12 󰁉 InetdInternet ............................................................... 199

6.12.1 .................................................................................................. 199

6.12.2  inetd 󰁉 hello inet service.......................... 199

6.12.3 /etc/services  /etc/inetd.conf  ..................................................... 200

6.12.4 󰂷 inetd ...................................................... 201

6.12.5 󰂷 inetd ...................................................... 203

6.12.6 󰇯󰆺󰃖............................................................... 205

6.12.7 .................................................................................................. 205

6.13 󰄄󰇚 .................................................................................................... 205

󰄄 .....................................................................................................206

7.1 ................................................................................................206

7.1.1 󰅸................................................................................206

7.1.2 .........................................................................207

7.2 Linux 󰀚................................................................................209

7.3 Linux 󰂕...........................................................................................211

7.3.1 系统子程序..........................................................................................212

7.3.2 标准Ｃ函数库.......................................................................................214

7.3.3 书写安全的Ｃ程序................................................................................216

7.3.4 ＳＵＩＤ／ＳＧＩＤ程序指导准则......................................................................217

7.3.5 root 程序的设计....................................................................................218

7.4 ..............................................................................................................219

󰄄 Ping .......................................................................................................220

8.1 Ping ................................................................................................220

8.2 Ping 󰂑.............................................................................................220

8.3 ..............................................................................................................221

󰄄 tftp .........................................................................................................222

9.1 tftp 协议简介..................................................................................................222

9.2 tftp 󰁉.....................................................................................................222

9.3 tftp 󰂑.....................................................................................................223

9.3 tftp ..............................................................................................223

9.4 ..............................................................................................................225

󰄄 󰂚󰅔 .................................................................................................226

10.1 󰀥 ............................................................................................................226

10.2 rcmd  rshd ...............................................................................227

10.3 rexec  rexecd ...........................................................................233

󰄄 󰂚󰆠.....................................................................................................235

11.1 .............................................................................................................235

11.2 󰅵󰅵........................................................................................235

11.3 󰅵󰇔󰅦󰅵.................................................................................239

11.4 rlogin ....................................................................................................242

11.5 ......................................................................................................242

11.6 󰅦󰁱󰅵󰇔.................................................................................243

11.7 rlogin .............................................................................................245

11.8 rlogin ................................................................................................246

󰄄 󰂚󰁉..............................................................................................249

12.1 󰀥 ............................................................................................................249

12.2 󰂚󰁉 .......................................................................................249

12.3 󰁉󰂚󰁉 ...........................................................250

12.4 󰂚󰁉󰀍....................................................................................252

12.5 󰂚󰁉󰁖.............................................................................252

12.5.1 󰂚󰁉󰀑.......................................................................253

12.5.2 Sun RPC...........................................................................................254

12.5.3 Xerox Courier....................................................................................254

12.5.4 Apollo RPC........................................................................................255

12.6 stub ...............................................................................................256

12.7 rpcgen ..................................................................................................256

12.8 󰇑 ................................................................................257

12.8.1 󰃐󰀬󰁉...........................................257

12.9  ............................................................................................................283

󰄄 󰂚 ..........................................................................................284

13.1  ............................................................................................................284

13.2 Linux  ..............................................................................285

13.3 rmt 󰀑.......................................................................................................285

13.4 rmt  .....................................................................................286

󰄄 WWW  HTTP 󰀑.................................................................................. 290

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