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One Small Step for Rhinos, One Giant Leap for Wildlife Management- Imaging Diagnosis of Bone Pathology in Distal Limb

Figure 4

Left central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures in rhinoceros 1.

Tridimensional computed tomographic reconstruction of the left tarsal joint with oblique multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) showing minimally displaced, multiple fractures of the left CTB situated in different planes (arrows). First line of fracture (A) descends in proximo-plantar to distalo-dorsal direction (large arrows), ending at the junction between CTB, first tarsal bone (T I) and second tarsal bone (T II). The second line of fracture (B) is oriented from dorsal to plantar surfaces, in proximo-medial to distalo-plantar direction, reaching the midline of the proximal articular surface of T I with CTB (small arrows). At the level of these fractures, CTB distalo-medial aspect reveals a mixed pattern of trabecular focal bone loss (osteolysis) and cortical osteogenesis represented by massive, unstructured new bone production and remodelling, with a beak-like formation oriented plantaro-medially, hook-shaped in axial plane. Additionally, the articular surface between CTB and TI is highly irregular, characterized by decreased joint space width, articular bone proliferation that bridges the contiguous bones (ankylosis), erosion and lysis of the articular cartilage and underlying bone (asterisk).

Figure 4

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068493.g004