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- The Palace of Earthly Tranquility (simplified Chinese: 坤宁宫; traditional Chinese: 坤寧宮; pinyin: Kūn Níng Gōng; Manchu: ᡴᡠᠨ ᠨᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᠩ kun ning gung) is the northernmost of the three main halls of the Inner Court of the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The other two halls are the Palace of Heavenly Purity and Hall of Union. The color red is prominently displayed in the palace as it is the color of love, sex, and reproduction in China. The palace is where emperors traditionally had sex with their new wives soon after their wedding. The Palace of Earthly Tranquility is a double-eaved building, nine bays wide and three bays deep. In the Ming dynasty, it was the residence of the Empress. In the Qing dynasty, large portions of the Palace were converted for Shamanist worship by the Manchu rulers. Thus, the front part of the hall featured shrines, icons, prayer mats, and a large kitchen where sacrificial meat was prepared. From the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor onwards, the Empress moved out of the Palace following the Emperor's move out of the Palace of Heavenly Purity. However, two rooms in the Palace of Earthly Harmony were retained for use on the Emperor's wedding night. The wedding ceremony would be held in the main room, and afterwards the Emperor and Empress would retire to one of these rooms. (en)
- Istana Ketenangan Duniawi (Hanzi sederhana: 坤宁宫; Hanzi tradisional: 坤寧宮; Pinyin: Kūn Níng Gōng; Manchu: ᡴᡠᠨ ᠨᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᠩ kun ning gung) merupakan bangunan paling utara dari tiga aula utama kekaisaran bagian dalam Kota Terlarang di Beijing, Tiongkok. Dua aula lainnya adalah Istana Kemurnian Surgawi dan Aula Persatuan. Warna merah ditampilkan secara mencolok di istana atau aula ini untuk melambangkan cinta, jenis kelamin dan reproduksi di Tiongkok. Istana secara tradisional merupakan tempat kaisar berhubungan badan dengan istri baru mereka setelah menikah. Istana Ketenangan Duniawi adalah bangunan bertingkat dua dengan lebar sembilan ceruk atau kompartemen (petak ruangan) dan tiga ceruk ke dalam. Pada masa dinasti Ming, istana ini menjadi kediaman Permaisuri. Sedangkan di era dinasti Qing, sebagian besar bagian istana ini diubah menjadi tempat pemujaan Syamanisme oleh penguasa Manchu. Sehingga bagian depan aula menjadi tempat pemujaan, patung, sajadah, dan dapur besar tempat daging kurban disiapkan. Sejak masa pemerintahan Kaisar Yongzheng dan seterusnya, Permaisuri pindah dari istana ini mengikuti Kaisar yang juga pindah dari Istana Kemurnian Surgawi. Namun, dua kamar di istana ini tetap dipertahankan untuk digunakan pada malam pernikahan Kaisar. Upacara pernikahan diadakan di ruang utama dan setelah itu, Kaisar dan Permaisuri akan beristirahat di salah satu kamar yang ada di istana ini. (in)
- 坤寧宫 (满语：ᡴᡠᠨᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠩ，穆麟德轉寫：kun ning gung)是北京故宫内廷后三宫之一。 (zh)
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- Inner Court of the Forbidden City (en)
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- Palace of Earthly Tranquility (en)
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- 坤寧宫 (满语：ᡴᡠᠨᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠩ，穆麟德轉寫：kun ning gung)是北京故宫内廷后三宫之一。 (zh)
- The Palace of Earthly Tranquility (simplified Chinese: 坤宁宫; traditional Chinese: 坤寧宮; pinyin: Kūn Níng Gōng; Manchu: ᡴᡠᠨ ᠨᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᠩ kun ning gung) is the northernmost of the three main halls of the Inner Court of the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The other two halls are the Palace of Heavenly Purity and Hall of Union. The color red is prominently displayed in the palace as it is the color of love, sex, and reproduction in China. The palace is where emperors traditionally had sex with their new wives soon after their wedding. (en)
- Istana Ketenangan Duniawi (Hanzi sederhana: 坤宁宫; Hanzi tradisional: 坤寧宮; Pinyin: Kūn Níng Gōng; Manchu: ᡴᡠᠨ ᠨᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᠩ kun ning gung) merupakan bangunan paling utara dari tiga aula utama kekaisaran bagian dalam Kota Terlarang di Beijing, Tiongkok. Dua aula lainnya adalah Istana Kemurnian Surgawi dan Aula Persatuan. Warna merah ditampilkan secara mencolok di istana atau aula ini untuk melambangkan cinta, jenis kelamin dan reproduksi di Tiongkok. Istana secara tradisional merupakan tempat kaisar berhubungan badan dengan istri baru mereka setelah menikah. (in)
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- Istana Ketenangan Duniawi (in)
- Palace of Earthly Tranquility (en)
- 坤宁宫 (zh)
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