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- Minh Hương (Hán tự: 明鄉 or 明香) refers to descendants of Ming dynasty immigrants who settled in southern Vietnam during the 16th and 18th centuries. They were among the first wave of ethnic Han who came to southern Vietnam. Ming refugees of Han ethnicity numbering 3,000 came to Vietnam at the end of the Ming dynasty. They opposed the Qing dynasty and were fiercely loyal to the Ming dynasty. Vietnamese women married these Han refugees since most of them were soldiers and single men. Their descendants became known as Minh Hương and they strongly identified as Han despite influence from Vietnamese mothers. They did not wear the Manchu hairstyle unlike later Han migrants to Vietnam during the Qing dynasty. After the Qing conquest of China proper, many Han people who refused to submit themselves to the Qing fled abroad. Ethnic Han leaders such as Mạc Cửu, Trần Thượng Xuyên and Dương Ngạn Địch arrived in the Mekong Delta where they established their own polities in Ha Tien, Bien Hoa and My Tho. They later submitted to the Nguyễn lords, who provided them with noble titles and offer protection against Khmer and Siam threats. Many Minh Hương such as and became Nguyen ministers and played important roles in the Vietnamese exploration and settlement of Mekong Delta. Originally, the Hán tự was 明香 ("those who worship Ming dynasty ancestrals"). It was changed to 明鄉 ("of Ming dynasty origins") in 1827 as ordered by the Minh Mạng Emperor of Nguyễn dynasty. In official records of Nguyễn dynasty, they were called Minh nhân (明人) or Minh Hương to distinguish with those ethnic Han (Thanh nhân 清人) from Qing China. Minh Hương often married with local Viet (Kinh) people. Since 1829, Minh Hương were treated as Vietnamese instead of Han. They were not allowed to go to China, and also not allowed to wear the Manchu queue. In the present day, most of Minh Hương adopt Vietnamese culture. They are regarded as Kinh people instead of Hoa people by the Vietnamese government. They also recognize themselves as Kinh people. (en)
- 明鄉人（越南语：người Minh Hương／𠊛明鄉），亦作明鄉（越南语：Minh Hương／明鄉），舊稱明香，狹義上是指越南京族內的一群華人後裔，源自17、18世紀明朝末年至清朝初年間，大批由於戰亂或經商而離開中國、輾轉遷入越南的華人族群，其中以男性居多。隨著明帝國的滅亡，他們當中有許多出於對滿清的排斥而請求越南皇帝收留，為後者開拓疆土、從事貿易與農耕。最終，明鄉人在當地扎根，與越南女性通婚、繁育後代。由於貢獻頗多，朝廷准許他們設立叫做「明香社」（后改稱「明鄉社」）的村社組織進行自治。經過數百年的發展，明鄉人經歷了各個封建朝代、法國的殖民統治與南越和北越的分裂，在越南留下了許多文化印記，更成為中、法、越三方不同時期種族紛爭的焦點。由於不斷的混血、本土化和強制同化等因素，他們逐漸失去中國國籍、對「中國人」之身份的認同和使用漢語交流的能力，人口也逐漸減少。今天在越南的明鄉人已經融入越南文化、改用越南語，大致上改尊越南人（京族）習俗，變成越南主體民族的一份子，因而不再被視作華族人。 (zh)
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- 1000 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- 5830 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- (Người Minh Hương) (en)
- (𠊛明鄉) (en)
- Minh Hương people (en)
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- Vietnamese, also used various Chinese Languages in the past (en)
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- Kinh people, Hoa people, Khmer people and Ngái people (en)
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- Predominantly Chinese and Vietnamese folk religion syncretized with Mahayana Buddhism. (en)
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- 明鄉人（越南语：người Minh Hương／𠊛明鄉），亦作明鄉（越南语：Minh Hương／明鄉），舊稱明香，狹義上是指越南京族內的一群華人後裔，源自17、18世紀明朝末年至清朝初年間，大批由於戰亂或經商而離開中國、輾轉遷入越南的華人族群，其中以男性居多。隨著明帝國的滅亡，他們當中有許多出於對滿清的排斥而請求越南皇帝收留，為後者開拓疆土、從事貿易與農耕。最終，明鄉人在當地扎根，與越南女性通婚、繁育後代。由於貢獻頗多，朝廷准許他們設立叫做「明香社」（后改稱「明鄉社」）的村社組織進行自治。經過數百年的發展，明鄉人經歷了各個封建朝代、法國的殖民統治與南越和北越的分裂，在越南留下了許多文化印記，更成為中、法、越三方不同時期種族紛爭的焦點。由於不斷的混血、本土化和強制同化等因素，他們逐漸失去中國國籍、對「中國人」之身份的認同和使用漢語交流的能力，人口也逐漸減少。今天在越南的明鄉人已經融入越南文化、改用越南語，大致上改尊越南人（京族）習俗，變成越南主體民族的一份子，因而不再被視作華族人。 (zh)
- Minh Hương (Hán tự: 明鄉 or 明香) refers to descendants of Ming dynasty immigrants who settled in southern Vietnam during the 16th and 18th centuries. They were among the first wave of ethnic Han who came to southern Vietnam. Originally, the Hán tự was 明香 ("those who worship Ming dynasty ancestrals"). It was changed to 明鄉 ("of Ming dynasty origins") in 1827 as ordered by the Minh Mạng Emperor of Nguyễn dynasty. In official records of Nguyễn dynasty, they were called Minh nhân (明人) or Minh Hương to distinguish with those ethnic Han (Thanh nhân 清人) from Qing China. (en)
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- (Người Minh Hương) (en)
- (𠊛明鄉) (en)
- Minh Hương people (en)
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