| dbo:abstract
|
- The Jin dynasty (266–420) was a major Chinese imperial dynasty. Following the devastation of the Three Kingdoms period, the Jin unified those territories and fostered a brief period of prosperity between 280 and 304 CE. However, during this period many social problems developed as well, the most pressing of which was the migration of non-Han tribes into Jin territory, to the point where they outnumbered the Han people in some regions. Eventually, these tribes began the Wu Hu uprising, during which they took control of much of North China, and reduced Jin control to the territory south of the Huai River. This ended the prosperity of the early Jin. The Jin dynasty was afterwards known as the Eastern Jin. The Eastern Jin's government was dominated to a large extent by powerful generals such as Wang Dun and Huan Wen. These generals often launched expeditions to recover northern China from Wu Hu rule. However, internal division in the government and military, coupled with the weakness of the Southern economy, meant that these expeditions were mostly unsuccessful. By 383 CE, the Jin dynasty was threatened by the Former Qin dynasty, which had reunified all of North China. Instead of reconquering the North, Jin was fighting for its very survival. However, in the Battle of Fei River, Jin forces prevailed over the much larger Qin army, causing the collapse of Former Qin in the North. Taking advantage of this, Jin forces under first Xie An and then Liu Yu launched a series of expeditions that retook much of Jin's territory south of the Yellow River, the traditional heartland. Eventually, though, the Jin were overthrown by Liu Yu in 420, ending the dynasty. (en)
- 晋朝（266年—420年）是中国最重要的朝代之一。随着三国时代的终结，晋朝重新统一中国，在280年—304年间缔造了短暂的繁荣。但其间很多社会问题也在滋长，其中最紧迫的就是胡人部落内迁晋朝境内，到了在一些地区比汉族人还多的地步。 最终，这些胡人部落开始了五胡乱华，控制了北方、中原的大部分，将晋朝的控制范围缩减到淮河以南，终结了晋朝早期的繁荣。此后的晋朝被称为东晋。 东晋政府很大程度上由王敦、桓温这样的权势将领主导。这些将军常发起北伐意图从五胡手中收复北方。但军政的内部分歧和南方经济的欠发达使得这些北伐多无功而返。383年，晋朝受到已一统北方的前秦的威胁，晋朝不是要为收复北方而战，而是要为自身存活而战了。 但在淝水之战中，晋军打败了比自己规模大得多的秦军，导致了北方前秦的崩溃。晋军趁机先后在谢安、刘裕率领下发起一系列北伐，收复了黄河以南的大片领土即传统意义上的中原地区。但晋朝最终于420年被刘裕推翻而灭亡。西晉國祚五十二年，東晉國祚一百零四年。 (zh)
|
