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- Histamines are organic compounds that primarily function as the human body's immune responses as well as the for regulation of many physiological functions. Since their discovery in 1910, histamines have been known to trigger inflammatory responses such as itching as part of an immune response to foreign pathogens; for example, mosquito bites or allergens. It is released in granular form by mast cells, a type of white blood cell in connective tissues close to the site of interaction. Upon releasing, it increases the permeability of the blood capillaries for white blood cells and other proteins to enter in order to eliminate the foreign pathogens. The highest concentrations in mammalian tissue occur in the skin, intestines and lungs, sites where most symptoms of allergic responses are felt. Histamine liberators are substances that contain low amounts of histamine themselves but are capable of releasing histamine from the mast cells. The existence of these liberators were introduced by theories propounded during the 1950s-1970's after the use of certain anaesthetics were shown to cause flushing and discoloration of the upper limbs of rodents in vitro (within cells and tissues extracted from a living organism). This immune response was accompanied by an increase in plasma histamine levels, thus, specific compounds in different anaesthetics were extracted and identified as ‘histamine liberators’ after experimental study. However, the validity in their mechanism of even being able to degranulate the histamine from the mast cells for its release have been questioned in recent research. Nonetheless, the suggestion of its existence is still important as those with histamine intolerance are highly sensitive to its release due to inadequate breakdown, resulting in excess accumulation. Its profusion increases the risk for of the lungs or the hepatic veins, leading to anaphylactic shock and death if left untreated. Furthermore, such postulations has instigated research into foods that could potentially be histamine liberators, such as egg whites, peanuts, and shellfish; allergic reactions upon the consumption of said foods are ubiquitous and widespread. (en)
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- Histamines are organic compounds that primarily function as the human body's immune responses as well as the for regulation of many physiological functions. Since their discovery in 1910, histamines have been known to trigger inflammatory responses such as itching as part of an immune response to foreign pathogens; for example, mosquito bites or allergens. It is released in granular form by mast cells, a type of white blood cell in connective tissues close to the site of interaction. Upon releasing, it increases the permeability of the blood capillaries for white blood cells and other proteins to enter in order to eliminate the foreign pathogens. The highest concentrations in mammalian tissue occur in the skin, intestines and lungs, sites where most symptoms of allergic responses are felt. (en)
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- Histamine liberators (en)
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