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- Deep Ocean mission (informally known as Samudrayaan program, meaning "Sea Craft" in Sanskrit) is an Indian initiative to undertake the deep ocean exploration focused on India's exclusive economic zones and continental shelf. The program will consist of various crewed and uncrewed submersibles exploring the sea bed. The primary aim of the mission is to explore and extract polymetallic nodules which are composed of minerals like manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and iron hydroxide. The metals are useful in manufacturing of electronic devices, smartphones, batteries and solar panels. India has been allocated a site of 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi) in the Central Indian Ocean Basin by the International Seabed Authority for exploration of polymetallic nodules from seabed. The estimated amount of polymetallic nodules in given area is about 380 million tonnes, containing 4.7 million tonnes of nickel, 4.29 million tonnes of copper and 0.55 million tonnes of cobalt and 92.59 million tonnes of manganese.The estimated cost of the Mission will be Rs. 4077 crore for a period of 5 years to be implemented in a phase-wise manner.The phase-I of the project is expecting execution in 2021-22. Under its sub-project informally dubbed Samudrayaan, India has aims to send three people into deep sea up to a depth of 6 km (3.7 mi) in Indian ocean in an indigenous deep sea submersible having an endurance of 72 hours. (en)
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- Deep Ocean mission (informally known as Samudrayaan program, meaning "Sea Craft" in Sanskrit) is an Indian initiative to undertake the deep ocean exploration focused on India's exclusive economic zones and continental shelf. The program will consist of various crewed and uncrewed submersibles exploring the sea bed. The primary aim of the mission is to explore and extract polymetallic nodules which are composed of minerals like manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and iron hydroxide. The metals are useful in manufacturing of electronic devices, smartphones, batteries and solar panels. (en)
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