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- عمالة الأطفال في أفريقيا (بالإنجليزية: child labour in Africa) هي تشغيل الأطفال بطريقة تحرمهم من طفولتهم وتضر بنموهم البدني والعقلي، وتحظى أفريقيا بأعلى معدلات وجود لعمالة الأطفال عالميا وتعد مشكلة خطيرة في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء حيث يعمل أكثر من 40% من إجمالي الأطفال أو حوالي 48 مليون طفل تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين 5 - 14 سنة من أجل البقاء على قيد الحياة. ويعتبر الفقر السبب الرئيسي وراء عمالة الأطفال في أفريقيا. وبحسب تقدير منظمة العمل الدولية فإن الزراعة تعد أكبر مشغل للأطفال في أفريقيا. (ar)
- Child labour in Africa is generally defined based on two factors: type of work and minimum appropriate age of the work. If a child is involved in an activity that is harmful to his/her physical and mental development, he/she is generally considered as a child labourer. That is, any work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children, and interferes with their schooling by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Appropriate minimum age for each work depends on the effects of the work on the physical health and mental development of children. ILO Convention No. 138 suggests the following minimum age for admission to employment under which, if a child works, he/she is considered as a child laborer: 18 years old for hazardous works (Any work that jeopardizes children's physical, mental or moral health), and 13–15 years old for light works (any work that does not threaten children's health and safety, or prevent them from schooling or vocational orientation and training), although 12–14 years old may be permitted for light works under strict conditions in very poor countries. Another definition proposed by ILO's Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor (SIMPOC) defines a child as a child labourer if he/she is involved in an economic activity, and is under 12 years old and works one or more hours per week, or is 14 years old or under and works at least 14 hours per week, or is 14 years old or under and works at least one hour per week in activities that are hazardous, or is 17 or under and works in an "unconditional worst form of child labor" (prostitution, children in bondage or forced labor, armed conflict, trafficked children, pornography, and other illicit activities). Africa has the world's highest incidence rates of child labour. A report by the United Nations' International Labour Organization reveals that in 2016 nearly 1 out of every 5 children partakes in child labor. The problem is severe in Sub-Saharan Africa where more than 40% of all children aged 5–14 labour for survival, or about 48 million children. Although poverty is generally considered as the primary cause of child labour in Africa, recent studies show that the relationship between child labour and poverty is not as simple as a downward linear relationship. A study published in 2016 "Understanding child labour beyond the standard economic assumption of monetary poverty" illustrates that a broad range of factors – on the demand- and supply-side and at the micro and macro levels – can affect child labour; it argues that structural, geographic, demographic, cultural, seasonal and school-supply factors can also simultaneously influence whether children work or not, questioning thereby the common assumption that monetary poverty is always the most important cause. In another study, Oryoie, Alwang, and Tideman (2017) show that child labour generally decreases as per capita land holding (as an indicator of a household's wealth in rural areas) increases, but there can be an upward bump in the relationship between child labour and landholding near the middle of the range of land per capita. In addition to poverty, Lack of resources, together with other factors such as credit constraints, income shocks, school quality, and parental attitudes toward education are all associated with child labour. The International Labour Organization estimates that agriculture is the largest employer of child labour in Africa. Vast majority are unpaid family workers. The United Nations declared 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour. (en)
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- عمالة الأطفال في أفريقيا (بالإنجليزية: child labour in Africa) هي تشغيل الأطفال بطريقة تحرمهم من طفولتهم وتضر بنموهم البدني والعقلي، وتحظى أفريقيا بأعلى معدلات وجود لعمالة الأطفال عالميا وتعد مشكلة خطيرة في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء حيث يعمل أكثر من 40% من إجمالي الأطفال أو حوالي 48 مليون طفل تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين 5 - 14 سنة من أجل البقاء على قيد الحياة. ويعتبر الفقر السبب الرئيسي وراء عمالة الأطفال في أفريقيا. وبحسب تقدير منظمة العمل الدولية فإن الزراعة تعد أكبر مشغل للأطفال في أفريقيا. (ar)
- Child labour in Africa is generally defined based on two factors: type of work and minimum appropriate age of the work. If a child is involved in an activity that is harmful to his/her physical and mental development, he/she is generally considered as a child labourer. That is, any work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children, and interferes with their schooling by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Appropriate minimum age for each work depends on the effects of the work on the physical health and mental development of children. ILO Convention No. 138 suggests the following minimum age for admission to employment under which, if a child (en)
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