| dbo:abstract
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- Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) describes an acute blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel connecting to adrenal glands above kidneys. It is a rare, yet potentially fatal event that could be caused by trauma and multiple non-traumatic conditions. Despite the unclear etiology, there are several risk factors of adrenal hemorrhage, including birth trauma, sepsis, and hemorrhagic disorders. Anoxia and sepsis are the most frequent causes at birth, while adrenal insufficiency often manifests in neonates. According to the degree and rate of hemorrhage, its clinical manifestations can vary widely. The non-specific signs and symptoms in prominent underlying diseases often prevent prompt recognition and proper treatment of the condition, which may result in adrenal crisis, shock, and death. Although the mortality rate varies with the severity of the underlying inductive disease, adrenal hemorrhage is related to 15% of the deaths. In the US, the incidence rate is reported to be 0.3-1.8% based on unselected cases in autopsy studies. In terms of age group, higher prevalence is found among neonates, with an incidence rate of 0.17% in infant autopsies and 3% in infant abdominal ultrasound examination. Diagnosis in the early phase is critical, though it is relatively rare due to non-characteristic clinical presentation and laboratory findings. Imaging and laboratory studies are often employed for diagnosis and surveillance. Non-operative management has taken over surgical exploration and has become the main approach to treating both traumatic and non-traumatic adrenal hemorrhage. (en)
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| rdfs:comment
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- Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) describes an acute blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel connecting to adrenal glands above kidneys. It is a rare, yet potentially fatal event that could be caused by trauma and multiple non-traumatic conditions. Despite the unclear etiology, there are several risk factors of adrenal hemorrhage, including birth trauma, sepsis, and hemorrhagic disorders. Anoxia and sepsis are the most frequent causes at birth, while adrenal insufficiency often manifests in neonates. (en)
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