| dbo:abstract
|
- Abū l-Hasan ʿAlī ibn Muhammad al-Qābisī al-Maʿāfirī (arabisch أبو الحسن علي بن محمد القابسي المعافري, DMG Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Qābisī al-Maʿāfirī; geboren 30. Mai 936 Kairouan; gestorben 21. Oktober 1012 ebenda) war einer der wichtigsten mālikitischen Hadith- und Fiqh-Gelehrten Nordafrikas während der Herrschaft der Zīriden. Er war außerdem der Verfasser einer der ersten arabischen Abhandlungen zu didaktischen und erziehungswissenschaftlichen Fragen. (de)
- القابسي هو أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن خلف المعافري المعروف بالقابسي، ومذهبه مالكية ولد في القيروان عام 324 هجري -935 ميلادي وتسمية القابسي إنما هي نسبة إلى مدينة قابس بالقرب من القيروان وتوفي سنة 403 هجري. ذكر السيوطي عنه أنه كان حافظا للحديث، بصيرا بالرجال، عارفا بالاصلين، رأسا في الفقه ضريراً زاهداً ورعاً. (ar)
- Abu ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-Maʿāfirī al-Qābiṣī (935–1012) was a leading Ifrīqiyan scholar (uṣūlī) of the Mālikī school of Islamic jurisprudence (fiḳh). In 996, he succeeded his first cousin Ibn Abī Zayd as leader (shaykh) of the school in al-Qayrawān (Kairouan). Al-Qābiṣī's father was born in the village of al-Maʿāfiriyyīn near Qabis (Gabès) and his mother was from al-Qayrawān. According to oral tradition, he was the first cousin of Ibn Abī Zayd and Muḥriz ibn Khalaf, the sons of his mother's sisters. He was blind. In Africa al-Qābiṣī was taught by Abu ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Ibyānī, a Shāfiʿī scholar from Tunis; Darrās al-Fāsī, an Ashʿarī; and Ibn Masrūr al-Dabbāgh. Accompanied by Darrās al-Fāsī and the Andalusian al-Aṣīlī, he went on a lengthy riḥla (journey) in the east from 963 until 968. During his journey, because he was blind, his companions acted as his secretaries. Before he took up jurisprudence, al-Qābiṣī taught qirāʾāt (recitation of the Qurʾān). As a jurist he was a traditionist with Ashʿarī leanings and partial to the writings of Ibn al-Mawwāz. He had deep knowledge of the ḥadīths. He helped spread the Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī, a collection of ḥadīths, in northern Africa and wrote for it a , an account of its transmission. His other works include a collection of ḥadīths of the Muwaṭṭaʾ, popular in al-Andalus; a treatise on the conduct of schoolmasters, inspired by the writings of Saḥnūn; an incomplete collection of traditions of fiḳh; and numerous letters on everything from Qurʾānic exegesis, the architecture of ribāṭs, the rituals of the ḥajj, the theology of al-Ashʿarī and refuting the Bakrites (i.e., the Khārijites). In his old age, he is said to have introduced the young Ibn Sharaf to poetry. Al-Qābiṣī's authority and reputation rose after the death of Ibn Abī Zayd (996) and Ibn Shiblūn (999) and he became the leading jurisconsult in northern Africa and al-Andalus. At the time of his death he was still teaching eighty students. His successors, who carried on his work, were Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and Abū Imrān al-Fāsī. The culmination of the work of these Mālikī scholars of al-Qayrawān was the triumph of the Mālikī school in Africa west of Egypt and the breach between the Mālikī Zīrids and the Shīʿa Fāṭimids. (en)
|
