《经济学人》：中国制造2025是成功了，但代价是什么呢？ 6park.com

摘了几段，译文为deepl机翻。


LIKE LORD VOLDEMORT from Harry Potter, “Made in China 2025” is an initiative which induces so much fear and loathing abroad that Chinese officials dare not speak its name.
就像《哈利-波特》中的伏地魔一样，“中国制造 2025 ”也是一项在国外引起恐惧和厌恶的倡议，以至于中国官员不敢说出它的名字。


Made in China 2025 has, then, achieved most of its aims. But at what cost? The fiscal expense is impossible to calculate. One attempt by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, a think-tank, estimated that China spent over 1.7% of GDP on industrial policy in 2017-19, which would add up to over $3trn in today’s dollars if sustained for a decade. That money could have been spent on other things, such as health care, which might have better served the public: fewer EVs, more ICUs.
那么，《中国制造 2025》已经实现了大部分目标。但代价是什么呢？财政支出无法计算。据智库战略与国际研究中心（Centre for Strategic and International Studies）的一项尝试估计，2017-19 年，中国在产业政上的支出超过了 GDP 的 1.7%，如果持续十年，按今天的美元计算，将超过 3 万亿美元。这些钱本可以用在其他方面，比如医疗保健，这可能会更好地服务于公众：减少电动车，增加重症监护室。


As it is, Chinese buyers do not come close to purchasing all of the things that Chinese factories produce. So the country is busy exporting the rest. Angry trade partners accuse it of flooding their markets with cheap goods, undercutting their companies and hollowing out their manufacturing sectors. They launched almost 200 anti-dumping cases and other trade investigations against China in 2024, according to official data. India, which has its own “Make in India” initiative, made more complaints than any other country.
事实上，中国的买家并不能购买中国工厂生产的所有产品。因此，中国正忙于出口其余产品。愤怒的贸易伙伴指责中国的廉价商品充斥他们的市场，压低他们公司的价格，掏空他们的制造业。官方数据显示，2024 年，这些国家针对中国发起了近 200 起反倾销案件和其他贸易调查。印度提出了自己的 “印度制造 ”计划，其投诉数量超过了其他任何国家。


Although in many ways China’s big bet on industrial policy has paid off, there have also been large downsides. Just as Voldemort twisted the behaviour of the people he possessed, the policy that must not be named has skewed the evolution of the economy it inhabited.
尽管在许多方面，中国在产业政策上的巨大赌注获得了回报，但也存在着巨大的弊端。正如伏地魔扭曲了他所附身之人的行为一样，这项不便透露姓名的政策也扭曲了其所在经济体的发展。


 6park.com