斯大林的发家史
斯大林是苏联的社会主义领导人之一,被认为是社会主义政治和经济体系的创始人之一。他的财富是由于他的政治地位和功绩而增加的,并不是通过个人的商业投资或企业家精神。 6park.com不过,有一些传闻称斯大林拥有大量的黑钱,但这些说法并未得到证实,并且可能是被他的敌人散布的谣言。 6park.com总的来说,斯大林的财富不是通过个人的商业投资或财务才能获得的,而是通过他的政治地位和贡献获得的。
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中国所坚持的五年计划也正是从斯大林模式那里学习借鉴来的。 6park.com初期,苏联很穷很悃!那时的苏联经济和当时的资本主义强国比有相当大的差距。 6park.com苏联很穷,全国1928年时的工业产值,还不到德国的一半,甚至只是美国的八分之一,就连农业用具拖拉机。全国的数量也不到3万台。 6park.com面对在外有帝国主义包围,在内仍然是一个落后的农业国的现实,斯大林宣布要优先发展重工业,实行五年计划,将农业和轻工业都作为重工业发展的资金后备力量。另一方面实行单一的公有制和计划经济体制,在农业方面实行农业集体化。
这样的斯大林模式创造了惊人的发展速度。仅在两个五年计划内,苏联就迅速实现了工业化,并在工业产量上居欧洲第一。但高度集中的计划经济体制所造成的弊端也是不言而喻的,这种僵化的体制也由于后续的改革失效,最终酿成了苏联的解体。
苏联老大哥,在社会主义建设方面探索出一条属于自己的道路,最终的失败也是无可奈何之事。但这也在不断提醒我们,社会主义改革是如此的复杂艰巨而曲折。吸收教训,继往开来,更是发展的不败之道。 6park.com苏联60年后倒台,主要是斯大林钳制言论自由的结果。 6park.com ![](https://hqsb53.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2016429image0011.jpg)
列宁在揭露资产阶级"言论自由"虚伪性的同时, 也曾许诺革命将创造出远 超资本主义的"言论自由"。但实际上, 却出现了长时期严重的思想言论禁锢, 苏联解体以后, 随着专制铁幕的日渐揭开, 已很少有人再为其思想禁锢辩护。斯大林的"言论自由"理论十分贫乏,可说毫无建树。他只知无数次地重复 列宁的阶级批判, 诸如"空谈"、"空话"、"形式权利"等等; 并炫耀只有不存 在"失业"之虞的的苏联人才有"真正的个人自由"、"不带引号的自由"。 6park.com总而言之, 专制和独裁只需要"恐怖"和"舆论一律",因而不允许"言论自 由"; 迷信和驯顺只崇拜强权和"救世主", 因而不需要"言论自由"。 6park.com 苏联的思想禁锢和文化专制,确实严重压抑了人民群众的主动性 和创造性, 也使整个国家政权失去了活力 。 6park.com正如曼斯费尔德所说:对真理表达 的垄断, "作为人民惟一的代表的说辞",不仅"压抑了人民",也"压抑了其他精 英群体的主张"。唐逸先生曾言:"言论自由的伟大之处, 不仅在于保护那 本身便是目的之个人的创造性, 而且在于保证社会进化付出最少的代价。 6park.com重大 社会措施, 经过社会舆论充分自由辩论, 可以少犯错误。"从这种意义上 说,思想禁锢恰是苏联解体的一个原因。试想, 如果能多一点言论自由, 虚心 听取党内外的不同政见, 及时自我修正,克服社会弊端, 还会有后来的土崩瓦 解吗? 历史经验反复证明, 任何决心代表人民利益的社会集团,只有充分尊重每 个公民的"私意"表达, 让人民也能自己代表自己, 才不致于将"公意"和"民 意"抽象化,使之成为集团或个人贯彻其意志的借口, 进而侵害人民的实际利 益。而能否把监督权还给人民, 允许乃至鼓励人民合法地公开批评政府, 则是 衡量一个政权人民性的试金石。 6park.com![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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) ![](https://img.1ppt.com/uploads/allimg/1811/2_181125155515_1.jpg) ![](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQqiuWdphoDdMde6Is0P6Qw5K0atJ7Y0pz1nOhNbz4GOi2nb07xrclIKxhUQP6FWvzBms8&usqp=CAU)
明清的皇帝,非常愚蠢,极度自私。也犯了和苏联一样的错误。结果?阻碍了中国700年的发展。当欧洲只争朝夕地大发展大辩论时,农民出身的皇帝们只知道定于一尊,保家卫祖! 6park.com
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