Mohamed Ahmed (Sadek), Ph.D., P.Eng., MIEEE

Mohamed Ahmed (Sadek), Ph.D., P.Eng., MIEEE

Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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About

Dr. Ahmed is a power system professional with more than 25 years of hands-on experience…

Articles by Mohamed

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Experience

  • Electric Power Engineers Graphic

    Electric Power Engineers

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    Ontario, Canada

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    Waterloo, ON

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    Toronto, Canada Area

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    Austin, Texas, United States

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    Austin, Texas, United States

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    Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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    Oakville, Ontario, Canada

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    Cairo Governorate, Egypt

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    UMR

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    Toronto, Canada Area

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    Ryerson University

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    Ontario, Canada

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    Toronto, Canada Area

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    Toronto, Canada Area

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    Ontario, Canada

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    Waterloo, Ontario

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Education

Licenses & Certifications

Publications

  • Optimization unit for real-time applications in unbalanced smart distribution networks

    Journal of advanced research

    This paper presents a new generic approach for developing a Jacobian matrix for use with the optimization unit in real-time energy management systems (EMS) for unbalanced smart distribution systems. The proposed formulation can replace approximated calculations for real-time optimal power flow in an optimization unit while providing greater accuracy and requiring less computational time, which is critical for real-time EMS. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach have been…

    This paper presents a new generic approach for developing a Jacobian matrix for use with the optimization unit in real-time energy management systems (EMS) for unbalanced smart distribution systems. The proposed formulation can replace approximated calculations for real-time optimal power flow in an optimization unit while providing greater accuracy and requiring less computational time, which is critical for real-time EMS. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach have been tested through simulations with different distribution networks. The simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in the computational time with the new proposed formulation. Moreover, the results demonstrate the scalability of the proposed approach as the reduction in the computational time is more significant for large practical systems. The proposed approach is characterized by evaluating the scalability and low computational time; thus, it can be used by grid operators in real-time energy management applications for large-scale practical distribution systems.

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  • Battery Energy Storage Systems in Energy and Reserve Markets

    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

    Recent Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 841 requires that Independent System Operators (ISOs) facilitate the participation of energy storage systems (ESSs) in energy, ancillary services, and capacity markets, by including ESS bidding parameters that represent the physical and operational characteristics. However, in the existing market frameworks that allow Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) to participate, the bids and offers do not explicitly represent the physical and…

    Recent Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 841 requires that Independent System Operators (ISOs) facilitate the participation of energy storage systems (ESSs) in energy, ancillary services, and capacity markets, by including ESS bidding parameters that represent the physical and operational characteristics. However, in the existing market frameworks that allow Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) to participate, the bids and offers do not explicitly represent the physical and operational characteristics such as the state of charge (SOC), discharge rate, degradation, etc. This paper proposes a novel BESS operational cost model considering degradation cost, based on depth of discharge and discharge rate. The model is developed considering Lithium-ion batteries, and the approach can be applied to other conventional electrochemical batteries, but not flow batteries. A detailed bid/offer structure based on the proposed BESS operational cost functions is formulated. Thereafter, a new framework and mathematical model for BESS participation in an LMP based, co-optimized, energy and spinning reserve market, are developed. Three case studies are presented to investigate the impact of BESS participation on system operation and market settlement. The proposed model is validated on the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) to demonstrate its functionalities.

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  • A Coordinated Real-Time Voltage Control Approach for Increasing the Penetration of Distributed Generation

    IEEE Systems Journal

    A major concern associated with the connection of distributed generators (DGs) to distribution systems is the voltage rise problem. A solution introduced in many voltage control schemes is DG active power curtailment. However, this measure has a negative effect on both DG revenue and DG investment. This paper proposes the use of existing system resources to mitigate the voltage rise problem. Based on the big bang-big crunch optimization and the reactive power compensation method, the new…

    A major concern associated with the connection of distributed generators (DGs) to distribution systems is the voltage rise problem. A solution introduced in many voltage control schemes is DG active power curtailment. However, this measure has a negative effect on both DG revenue and DG investment. This paper proposes the use of existing system resources to mitigate the voltage rise problem. Based on the big bang-big crunch optimization and the reactive power compensation method, the new technique controls the distribution system voltage profile while avoiding DG active power curtailment. The proposed method minimizes voltage deviations by determining the regulator taps and reactive power contributions of both the capacitors and the DGs. The approach is implemented online by a central control unit that optimally determines appropriate control decisions and then communicates them to the voltage regulators, capacitors, and DGs. Eliminating the voltage deviation problem associated with the network installation of DGs provides a cost-effective means of increasing DG penetration. The new algorithm was implemented and tested on the 33-bus test feeder. The results demonstrate the effective control of the voltage profile and fast convergence speed provided by the developed technique.

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  • A novel smart meter technique for voltage and current estimation in active distribution networks

    International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

    For distribution network operators to make effective decisions about real-time applications, they should have complete knowledge of all system variables. However, measuring all variables is infeasible due to the large number of system buses and the consequently high cost of measurement devices. Network operators are thus in serious need of methods that can estimate system voltages and currents with only a few measuring devices. This paper presents a novel voltage, current, and power loss…

    For distribution network operators to make effective decisions about real-time applications, they should have complete knowledge of all system variables. However, measuring all variables is infeasible due to the large number of system buses and the consequently high cost of measurement devices. Network operators are thus in serious need of methods that can estimate system voltages and currents with only a few measuring devices. This paper presents a novel voltage, current, and power loss estimation technique for distribution networks characterized by a high level of distributed generation (DG) penetration. The proposed method is based on online measurements from smart meters (SMs) placed at a few selected locations in addition to the measurements from DGs production meters; the estimation is derived without any pseudo measurements. The ingenuity of the proposed technique is that the SM locations are dependent on the network topology only, which means that their locations remain unchanged regardless of penetration levels and/or DG injection points. The proposed technique also includes consideration of variations in X/R ratios and laterals. The developed algorithm was implemented and tested on three radial distribution feeders to show the capability of the proposed technique for estimation for balanced as well as unbalanced distribution networks. The results of a comparison with the actual load flow demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the new technique.

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  • Simultaneous procurement of demand response provisions in energy and spinning reserve markets

    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

    Demand Response (DR) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISO) for reliable operation of electricity markets, and there has been considerable interest from load-side market participants to offer their services for DR provisions. In this environment, the ISO needs to develop effective mathematical models for procurement of DR so as to maximize its benefits, such as reducing the peak demand, regulating electricity price shocks, and mitigating market power. In this paper, a new…

    Demand Response (DR) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISO) for reliable operation of electricity markets, and there has been considerable interest from load-side market participants to offer their services for DR provisions. In this environment, the ISO needs to develop effective mathematical models for procurement of DR so as to maximize its benefits, such as reducing the peak demand, regulating electricity price shocks, and mitigating market power. In this paper, a new mathematical model for a Locational Marginal Price based, loss included, day-ahead, cooptimized, energy and spinning reserve market including DR provisions, is proposed. The proposed model includes a new proposition for load-side participants to submit price responsive demand (PRD) and load curtailment based DR bids simultaneously, in a unified market framework. Case studies considering DR providers participating in energy market only, in both energy and spinning reserve markets, and in spinning reserve market only, are presented, which examine the impact on system operation, market prices, and DR provider's benefits. The proposed model is tested on the IEEE Reliability Test System to demonstrate its functionalities and the results clearly justify the merits of simultaneous consideration of PRD bids and load curtailment based DR offers in a co-optimized energy and spinning reserve market.

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  • The impact of wind farm location and control strategy on wind generation penetration and market prices

    Renewable Energy

    Wind energy has become one of the most cost-effective renewable sources nowadays. However, the stochastic nature associated with wind-energy production represents a great challenge for power-system operations. Therefore, probabilistic techniques are necessary to evaluate the performance of power systems with substantial amounts of wind generation. This paper presents a probabilistic based bi-level optimization approach for evaluating the impact of wind farm location and control strategy on the…

    Wind energy has become one of the most cost-effective renewable sources nowadays. However, the stochastic nature associated with wind-energy production represents a great challenge for power-system operations. Therefore, probabilistic techniques are necessary to evaluate the performance of power systems with substantial amounts of wind generation. This paper presents a probabilistic based bi-level optimization approach for evaluating the impact of wind farm location and control strategy on the penetration level of wind farms and electricity market prices. The bi-level optimization model is formulated as mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and solved by means of the NLPEC solver in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) environment. Several cases studies are presented in this paper to determine to the optimal wind generation penetration and market prices with different locations and control strategies for wind farms. Moreover, some scenarios are discussed in regards to the practical allocation of wind farms.

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  • Use of MCMC to incorporate a wind power model for the evaluation of generating capacity adequacy

    Electric Power Systems Research

    Modeling wind generation for use in reliability assessment requires a large database of historical wind speeds so that the stochastic nature of the wind at a particular site can be accurately captured. The alternative is to use reliable stochastic simulation techniques that can replicate the desired synthetic wind power time series. This paper proposes an assessment framework that uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to enable the inclusion of wind farm modeling in conventional…

    Modeling wind generation for use in reliability assessment requires a large database of historical wind speeds so that the stochastic nature of the wind at a particular site can be accurately captured. The alternative is to use reliable stochastic simulation techniques that can replicate the desired synthetic wind power time series. This paper proposes an assessment framework that uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to enable the inclusion of wind farm modeling in conventional techniques for evaluating generation adequacy. The synthetic wind power time series based on the MCMC model has been verified against measured results based on consideration of statistical factors. The model presented in this paper has also been applied on the well-known Roy Billiton Test System (RBTS). As a further demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the reliability indices obtained using the MCMC model have been compared with those produced by the ARMA model, which is often used in reliability studies. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for incorporating wind power into generation adequacy evaluation.

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  • Probabilistic generating capacity adequacy evaluation: Research roadmap

    Electric Power Systems Research

    Evaluation of the adequacy of generating capacity is one of the main planning challenges within the field of power system. With respect to the evaluation of power system reliability, a variety of criteria and techniques have been developed and utilized by numerous utilities over a number of decades. Of these, deterministic and probabilistic techniques are the ones widely used for the evaluation of generating capacity adequacy. Nowadays, modern power systems have emphasized the need for…

    Evaluation of the adequacy of generating capacity is one of the main planning challenges within the field of power system. With respect to the evaluation of power system reliability, a variety of criteria and techniques have been developed and utilized by numerous utilities over a number of decades. Of these, deterministic and probabilistic techniques are the ones widely used for the evaluation of generating capacity adequacy. Nowadays, modern power systems have emphasized the need for probabilistic techniques to address the challenges that power system undergone and ensure generation adequacy where the applicability of deterministic techniques is no longer valid.

    The goal of this roadmap research paper is to provide a comprehensive and adequate overview of commonly used probabilistic techniques for generating system adequacy assessment: analytical, non-sequential, and sequential Monte Carlo simulation. The literature review presented in this paper, which includes theories, methodologies, analyses, and discussions, aims to provide useful information to planners or developers who endeavor to assess the reliability of existing power generation systems and plan for future generating capacity additions. Moreover, a valuable background review assembled from different sources is expected to serve students and researchers who are interested in studying in this area.

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  • Residential Load Management Under Stochastic Weather Condition in Developing Countries

    Electric power components and Systems

    This article focuses on offline residential load management in a developing country. This load management is based on scheduling linear load models under the stochastic weather conditions. The weather condition is modeled using the probability theory and Monte Carlo simulation. The seasonality effect, the type of day, and the stochastic hourly variation of weather conditions are considered as factors governing load management.

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  • Smart home activities: A literature review

    Electric Power Components and Systems

    The increasing interest in smart home technologies has created a need for a comprehensive literature survey. This article reviews the goals of a smart home energy management system, along with related definitions, applications, and information about the manufacturing of its components. The challenges associated with smart home energy management systems and possible solutions are examined, and the energy factors that contribute to a customer's electricity bill are discussed. A number of price…

    The increasing interest in smart home technologies has created a need for a comprehensive literature survey. This article reviews the goals of a smart home energy management system, along with related definitions, applications, and information about the manufacturing of its components. The challenges associated with smart home energy management systems and possible solutions are examined, and the energy factors that contribute to a customer's electricity bill are discussed. A number of price schemes and the load models needed for solving related scheduling optimization problems are also presented, including a review of the literature related to energy management system scheduling with respect to its control, automation, and communication.

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Patents

  • Decentralized Volt/VAR Control for Advanced Distribution Automation Systems

    Issued US US20140148966

    A general decentralized voltage control scheme is proposed to coordinate the operation of DG, Voltage regulator and Capacitor banks. The present invention is based on placing a Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) at each distribution generation (DG) and each at line capacitor. These RTUs being coordinated together through communication protocols form a multi-agent system. Novel decentralized system is proposed to estimate the voltage profile change as a result of injecting reactive power at the…

    A general decentralized voltage control scheme is proposed to coordinate the operation of DG, Voltage regulator and Capacitor banks. The present invention is based on placing a Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) at each distribution generation (DG) and each at line capacitor. These RTUs being coordinated together through communication protocols form a multi-agent system. Novel decentralized system is proposed to estimate the voltage profile change as a result of injecting reactive power at the capacitor bus. Simulation results are presented to show the validity and the effectiveness of the present invention.

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Languages

  • English

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  • Arabic

    Native or bilingual proficiency

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